Ethan Anderson

# January 22nd, 2020

Taskman currently resides in a private GitHub repository, but I wanted to share a bit about what it's capable of. This post is largely taken from Taskman's README.md .

# Taskman Summary

Dashboard

Taskman is a platform for running tasks; including functionality for monitoring their status, progress, and results.

There are two primary task abstractions:

Tasks are essentially functions with metadata attached. They accept TaskArgs (arguments) and produce a TaskResult (a result).

Task arguments and results are highly dependent on the intent of the task itself. At a minimum they provide:

TaskResult :

Everything else required should reside in an implementation of Task , TaskArgs , or TaskResult .

BatchTasks are essentially a list of Task s to be executed sequentially on the same thread or asynchronously on separate threads (potentially separate instances of taskman-backend entirely). They accept BatchTaskArgs ( TaskArgs++ ) and produce a BatchTaskResult ( TaskResult++ ).

BatchTaskArgs and BatchTaskResult both inherit from TaskArgs and TaskResult respectively. In addition to their parent classes' fields they also possess:

BatchTaskArgs :

BatchTaskResult :

Task Details

# Task Statuses

Task Statuses

Statuses considered complete

Indicates that the task was successful. Successful tasks can be rerun or deleted.

Indicates that the task encountered an unrecoverable error. Tasks in error can be rerun or deleted.

Indicates that task execution was canceled manually. Canceled task can be rerun or deleted.

Indicates that the task could not execute due to its arguments failing validation. Invalid tasks can be deleted.

Indicates that the thread executing the task crashed before normal completion. Crashed tasks can be resumed, rerun, or deleted.

Other statuses

Scheduled tasks are templates created when a task is submitted with a cronPattern argument. The scheduled template is copied and submitted for execution when its cron triggers.

Indicates that the task is waiting for an available thread on which to run. Pending tasks can be paused or canceled.

Indicates that the task is currently running on a thread. Running tasks can be paused or canceled.

Indicates that task execution will be paused as soon as the task acknowledges its paused status. Paused tasks can be resumed, or canceled.

# Scheduling

Task Statuses

cron expression ( This format is slightly different than traditional Cron, so I recommend looking at the documentation ).

Scheduled tasks are automatically loaded and scheduled upon application start.

Scheduled tasks will not be run if they are already running. In the event that an application error results in a scheduled task which is erroneously active, it can be deactivated via the UI. Deactivation will ensure that the task is run at its next scheduled interval.

When a task is scheduled, a message is sent to all instances; informing them to follow suit and schedule that task. This ensures, should the initial instance go offline, that the task is still run according to its schedule.

Scheduled tasks can be disabled if execution is to be temporarily disabled. Currently, if a scheduled task is deleted then all tasks run according to that schedule will also be deleted.

# Task Reaper

When Taskman starts, it schedules a task reaper thread to run every 5 minutes. Any running task which has not been updated in the last 5 minutes will be transitioned to a crashed status when the task reaper runs. Crashed tasks can occur if a taskman-backend instance currently running task(s) is shutdown or terminates irregularly. Crashed tasks can be resumed or reran via the UI.

as a message broker in order to distribute tasks across instances. All task state is stored in the taskman application database and concurrent writes / reads to shared resources are controlled via database locks.

Time spent waiting on a database lock is expected to be nearly zero unless the executing BatchTask contains many asynchronous Task s with near-equal runtimes.

Vertical scale is a function of how many executor threads a taskman-backend instance is configured to use. The application property, taskman.executorThreads , represents the total number of tasks that can execute concurrently on the instance. If all instances are at capacity at the time of task execution, then the task message is delayed taskman.noThreadsMessageDelaySeconds seconds before being republished to the task exchange.

# Metrics and Monitoring

Grafana

Spring Boot Admin works well for high level application metrics (non-persistent), logging configuration, et cetera; but Prometheus and Grafana provide a much more extensive platform for dashboarding arbitrary task metrics and aggregating data across instances.

, an application metrics façade that supports numerous monitoring systems.

in order to provide a customizable suite of monitoring dashboards. These dashboards, as well as their data, are persistent.

A Prometheus datasource is provisioned automatically; it can be configured by editing /taskman/backend/grafana/provisioning/datasources/all.yml .

Dashboards can be created / edited via the Grafana web interface, exported to json, and put in taskman/backend/grafana/dashboards . Dashboards found in this directory will be automatically provisioned.

There are currently 3 dashboards provided:

Custom application metrics implemented specifically for Taskman

  • Taskman Actuator

Metrics exposed by Spring Boot Actuator

sent directly to Prometheus

# Logging and Traceability

Task execution is easily traceable across threads / instances because each log statement is automatically enriched with the executing task's id.

Note that in the below taskman-backend log excerpt, either the task id or the BreadcrumbId HTTP header is present - the header defaulting to HTTP- plus a random UUID in this example.

Taskman Login

in order to restrict access by translating scopes into authorities and vice versa. Tokens are signed with the RS256 algorithm.

All paths under /api require athentication with the exception of:

  • the token endpoint (/api/auth/login)
  • the refresh token endpoint (/api/auth/refresh)

Spring Boot actuator endpoints (/actuator) are available on a different port (8083) to allow them to be conditionally exposed via network configuration.

Swagger is exposed at /swagger-ui.html. It is currently not secured, but interacting with the API via the interface requires a valid JWT token.

taskman-admin is configured to require a username and password for accessing the Spring Boot Admin interface. It does not currently have the necessary configuration to act as a resource server supporting taskman-backend 's JWT tokens. Therefore, SSO between the two is not currently enabled, but should be possible to implement in the future.

Grafana is configured to require a username and password for accessing the metrics dashboard. Grafana stores users separate from Taskman; it provides its own set of user management features.

The RabbitMQ Management interface also requires a username and password and does not rely on taskman-backend for authentication.

strong hashing function.

# JWT Flow / Description

# login (/api/auth/login).

Given a valid username and password; by default - an access token is issued with a time to live of 5 minutes as well a refresh token which is valid for 60 minutes.

# Refresh (/api/auth/refresh)

Given a valid refresh token; a new access token is issued (effectively extending the life of the token for another 5 minutes).

One does not simply log out with JWT. The token is valid for as long as it was issued for. If a token must be revoked for some reason then see below about invalidating the refresh token's JTI.

# Invalidate JTI

There is currently no API endpoint exposed for invalidating tokens, but they can be manually revoked by setting is_valid to false in the taskman application database's REFRESH_TOKEN table for a given username. The access token will remain valid until the next refresh is attempted; at which time, the refresh request will be rejected due to an invalid JTI.

# Decoded Access Token

Scopes are translated into GrantedAuthorities of the same name in taskman-backend . i.e.

# UserContext returned via /api/auth/whoami (Spring Security principal)

# decoded refresh token, # scopes per application.

Scopes is implemented as a map rather than a list; which means that Taskman is capable of issuing / validating access tokens which are supported by multiple applications (each with different scopes). Making it capable of providing single sign-on for a suite of applications.

# Generate new public / private keys for signing JWT tokens

  • Generate a 2048-bit RSA private key
  • Convert the private key to PKCS#8 format
  • Output the private key's public key portion in DER format
  • Copy private_key.der and public_key.der into taskman-backend 's resources folder

# Local User s

These taskman-backend User s are created upon application start. They are intended for development, not production.

# Development

# development dependencies.

  • Java SE Development Kit 8

# Existing Tasks

  • Search google using the provided query and collect the top links returned.
  • Connect to a MongoDB source and ETL a specified collection into PostgreSQL.
  • Run a batch of MongoTask s to perform ETL on all known collections.
  • Make an HTTP request with optional pre (request) / post (response) processing hooks.

# Implementing a New Task

Currently, MongoTask is the most robust Task that Taskman has to offer. I recommend looking at these classes as an example of what is required to implement a new Task and BatchTask :

MongoSyncTask is an example of a specialized implementation of MongoBatchTask ; although only Task and BatchTask implementations are required of a new Task .

for its server-side framework. Noteworthy libraries include:

# Environment

taskman-backend requires that the following environment variables are present at runtime:

These are specifically required because a connection to each database as well as RabbitMQ, is established on startup.

Currently, the backend expects to find a database named taskman at $PSQL_HOST and a database named dump at $PSQL_EXPORT_HOST .

If you are running all dependencies of taskman-backend with Docker Compose then taskman-backend should start successfully simply by changing the active profile to local . This can be done with the program argument --spring.profiles.active=local .

# Migrations

Migrations are plain .sql files and can be found at taskman/backend/src/main/resources/db .

in order to build. The produced artifact includes a build of taskman-frontend (copies static files from frontend/dist/spa ) as well as an embedded web server.

Tests can be skipped by supplying the argument -DskipTests=true to mvn clean package . Currently all tests are unit tests with no external dependencies; as such, they should be runnable under any circumstances.

If taskman-frontend has not yet been built, or you want to build everything at once (frontend, backend, and admin) then run Maven from the root taskman directory.

to render its web-based front end (SPA).

in order to build as well as execute the serving of the auto-rebuilding development environment.

If running the development server; then access taskman on port 8081 in order to take advantage of the automatic rebuilds. Requests will be automatically proxied through to taskman-backend running on port 8080.

client. There is a taskman-admin artifact provided which acts as the Spring Boot Admin server.

in order to build. The produced artifact includes an embedded web server.

# Docker Compose

Docker Compose can be used to stand up an entire environment including taskman-backend , taskman-admin , RabbitMQ, Prometheus, Grafana, and both taskman and dump PostgreSQL databases.

Edit taskman/backend/prometheus/prometheus.yml : replace host.docker.internal with the name of service. E.g. backend

Service Endpoints:

  • postgres_taskman : postgresql://localhost:9090
  • postgres_mongo_export : postgresql://localhost:9091

# Run Just Grafana (or a subset of services)

Edit taskman/backend/prometheus/prometheus.yml : replace the service names with host.docker.internal , localhost , etc.

Grafana depends on Prometheus, so it should automatically start that too.

The same process should work for any other services which you do not want to install locally; like RabbitMQ or PostgreSQL.

  • Manage Cookies
  • Working Groups
  • Marketplace
  • Planet Eclipse
  • Report a Bug
  • Mailing Lists
  • Documentation
  • Getting Started / Support
  • How to Contribute
  • IDE and Tools
  • Newcomer Forum

Participate

Eclipse IDE

Breadcrumbs

  • A task management tool for developers Mylyn is a IDE tool for ALM  
  • A broad ecosystem of Agile and ALM integrations Dozens of extensions integrate Mylyn with ALM and developer collaboration tools  

task management java

Back to the top

DZone

  • Manage Email Subscriptions
  • How to Post to DZone
  • Article Submission Guidelines
  • Manage My Drafts

Modernizing APIs : Share your thoughts on GraphQL, AI, microservices, automation , and more for our April report (+ enter a raffle for $250!).

DZone Research Report : A look at our developer audience, their tech stacks, and topics and tools they're exploring.

Getting Started With Large Language Models : A guide for both novices and seasoned practitioners to unlock the power of language models.

Managing API integrations : Assess your use case and needs — plus learn patterns for the design, build, and maintenance of your integrations.

  • Mastering Concurrency: An In-Depth Guide to Java's ExecutorService
  • Java Concurrency Evolution
  • The Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Executors in Java
  • Optimizing Java Applications: Parallel Processing and Result Aggregation Techniques
  • Embracing API-First Development: Building the Future of Software
  • Managing IoT Edge Devices at Scale: Device Lifecycle and Configuration Management
  • Build a Digital Collectibles Portal Using Flow and Cadence (Part 1)

Distributed Tasks Execution and Scheduling in Java, Powered By Redis

A walk through the new features of redisson node, a way to perform distributed task execution using redis..

Nikita Koksharov user avatar

Join the DZone community and get the full member experience.

The ability to immediately execute or schedule a task or job is becoming a typical requirement for a modern distributed Java application. Such requirements have became more essential for those who also use Redis.

Redisson is now providing a new convinient way to perform such distributed task execution and scheduling through the standard JDK ExecutorService and ScheduledExecutorService API, with submitted tasks executed on Redisson nodes, which are connected to the same Redis database.

Image title

Redisson Node

Redisson Node is a standalone Java application whose sole purpose is to execute tasks that have been submitted to the same Redis instance it's connected to. A Redisson Node can be understood as a remote worker node in a distributed environment.

It can also be spawned as an independant process inside the main application via a Redisson instance.

All task classes are loaded dynamically  so you don't need to have them in the classpath of Redisson Node  and restart it due to task class changes.

Task Definition

A task should implement either java.util.concurrent.Callable or java.lang.Runnable interface.

Here is an example using Callable interface:

This is an example using Runnable interface:

Task can be parameterized via a constructor. A submitted task can be given access to a Redisson instance via @RInject annotation. This provides the task access to all Redisson features: Redis based Maps, Multimaps, Sets, Lists, Queues, Locks, Semaphores, PublishSubscribe, and many other objects , collections , locks , and services .

Submitting Task for Execution

It's pretty easy to submit a task through our ExecutorService API since RExecutorService  already implements java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService .

Submitting Task for Scheduled Execution

Scheduled tasks are submitted through using the  java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService interface, which is implemented by the RScheduledExecutorService .

Scheduling a Task With Cron Expression

As we all understand how high the level of complexity of a moden application can be, the tasks scheduler service allows a user to define more complex scheduling using cron expressions. It is fully compatible with Quartz cron format .

Task Cancellation

Any task can be cancelled at any stage:

No extra work is required to handle cancellation except in some cases when a task is already in the running stage. In this case, cancellation handling is similar to performing a thread interruption in Java.

Let's assume we have a task which aggregates all values in a very big Redis map, which may take a long time:

Extended Asynchronous Mode

All standard methods exposed in the  java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService and java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService interfaces submit tasks synchronously and receive results in a asynchronous manner through the standard java.util.concurrent.Future  object. Redisson also offers a set of RExecutorServiceAsync.*Async companion methods which can also be used to submit tasks fully asynchronously, and allows get task id and binds Listeners to a Future object.

Redisson Node is the latest game-changing feature we have added to the collection of useful toolsets provided by Redisson. We are commited to bring more features into the family in the coming future, please sit tight and be patient.

Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.

Partner Resources

  • About DZone
  • Send feedback
  • Advertise with DZone

CONTRIBUTE ON DZONE

  • Become a Contributor
  • Core Program
  • Visit the Writers' Zone
  • Terms of Service
  • Privacy Policy
  • 3343 Perimeter Hill Drive
  • Nashville, TN 37211
  • [email protected]

Let's be friends:

IntelliJ IDEA 2023.3 Help

Manage tasks and contexts.

When you work on a project, you can organize your work in smaller tasks that you need to complete.

These can be tasks that you set yourself. In IntelliJ IDEA, you can divide a large piece of work into smaller tasks and associate them with changelists.

These also can be tasks coming from your issue tracker. For example, you can work with tasks and bugs assigned to you directly from IntelliJ IDEA. To be able to do so, connect the IDE and your tracker account.

Configure integration with issue trackers

IntelliJ IDEA supports integration with:

PivotalTracker

Generic server

Connect the IDE to your tracker

In the Settings dialog Control+Alt+S , select Tools | Tasks | Servers .

Enter connection details. Note that settings differ depending on your issue tracker.

Normally, you have to specify the server URL and connection credentials: Username and Password .

In some cases, you need to enter an API token instead of your password. For example, if you're connecting your IDE to YouTrack, the Password field is replaced with Token . For more information, refer to Manage Permanent Tokens .

Select the Share URL option to allow access to the server for other members of your team. When this option is enabled, a server URL and its type are saved to the .idea/misc.xml file, which can be shared between development team members through version control.

Click Proxy settings if you want to access the server via a proxy server. You can find more information on proxy settings in the HTTP Proxy section.

Setting on the General tab of the Servers page

On the Commit Message tab, you can enable adding a commit message for a changelist and configure a message template.

Configuring a commit message on the Commit Message tab

On the Server Configuration tab, configure advanced parameters for connecting to your issue tracker.

This tab is only available for some trackers (for example, for trackers that are not supported out of the box ).

Server Configuration tab parameters

The Server Configuration tab shown in the settings

Specify additional integration options

In the Settings dialog Control+Alt+S , select Tools | Tasks .

Configure the necessary options:

Changelist name format : when you open or create a new task, IntelliJ IDEA prompts you to create a new changelist associated with this task. In this field, you can specify a template that will be used for generating names for new changelists.

Feature branch name format : when you create or open a new task, IntelliJ IDEA prompts you to create a new feature branch. In this field, you can configure the template for generating names of new feature branches.

Use the Lowercased and Replace spaces with options to configure prompted feature branch names.

These settings are useful if your IDE is integrated with an issue tracker. For example, the DSGN-0001 Add new icon task name is going to be converted to the dsgn-0001add-new-icon feature branch name.

Task history length : the number of tasks that IntelliJ IDEA stores.

Save context on commit : every time you commit changes, IntelliJ IDEA creates a new closed local task that keeps files, bookmarks, and breakpoints that you have worked with. This way, you can quickly restore all tabs associated with the task any time in the future.

Enable issue cache : optimize synchronization between IntelliJ IDEA and your issue tracker. Synchronization is especially recommended if you work with "slow" issue tracking systems.

IntelliJ IDEA caches the list of issues loaded from the tracker and updates them repeatedly. You can specify how many issues should be cached and how often IntelliJ IDEA should update information about them.

Task settings

In IntelliJ IDEA, there are two types of tasks:

Tasks that were loaded to IntelliJ IDEA from your issue tracker. These are tracker tasks . Tracker tasks are linked with the corresponding issues in your issue tracker. This allows you to monitor and update them directly from IntelliJ IDEA.

Tasks that were originally created in IntelliJ IDEA. These are local tasks . Local tasks are not related to an issue tracker.

If you have created at least one task of either type, a list called task combo becomes available on the toolbar.

Open tracker tasks

Tracker tasks are loaded to your IntelliJ IDEA once you connect it to your issue tracker.

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Open Task Alt+Shift+N , or click the task combo on the toolbar.

Select the necessary task from the list.

In the Open Task dialog, you can update issue state.

If you want to close all tabs that are currently opened in the editor, select the Clear current context checkbox.

In the VCS operations section, you can create a new changelist, select an existing branch to which you want to contribute, or create a new one.

You can also shelve the current changes to return to them later.

Opening a tracker task

Create local tasks

In IntelliJ IDEA, you can create local tasks that do not originate from your issue tracker.

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Open Task . You can also use the task combo or press Alt+Shift+N .

In the Enter task name dialog, select Create New Task .

Enter a name for the new task.

In the VCS operations section, you can create a new changelist , select an existing branch to which you want to contribute, or create a new branch.

View task description

When you are choosing a task to switch to, the list of tasks shows only task IDs. This information is not always sufficient, because it reflects neither the steps that lead to the problem nor the related discussion.

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Open Task .

Open the necessary task and press Control+Q to open the task description in IntelliJ IDEA, or Alt+Shift+B to view the description in a browser.

Alternatively, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts and click Show 'task ID' Description or Open 'task ID' in Browser .

View closed tasks

A closed local task is a task that is not associated with a changelist if the entire project or the affected directory is under a version control.

A closed tracker task is a task that has the closed status in your issue tracker.

Click the task combo and then click Open Task .

Select the Include closed tasks checkbox, or press Alt+Shift+N .

Close tasks

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts and click Close Active Task .

This will close the current context in the IntelliJ IDEA. Select the necessary checkboxes to commit changes and, optionally, merge the branch that was created. For tracker tasks, you can also change their state. The new state will be propagated to your issue tracker.

Closing a task

Delete tasks

If you do not need a task to appear in IntelliJ IDEA, you can remove it from the list of tasks.

Click the task combo on the main toolbar.

Select one or more tasks you want to delete.

Use Shift (for adjacent items) or Control (for non-adjacent items) keys for multiple selection.

Click the right-arrow button, and select Remove .

When you are deleting tracker tasks, you remove them from the IDE. They will remain in your issue tracker. Local tasks in this case will be completely removed, since they are not connected to your issue tracker.

Time tracking

With IntelliJ IDEA, you can track the amount of time you spend on a task working in the editor. For local tasks, this information might be helpful if you want to know how much time exactly you need to compete a task as you work on a project.

For tracker tasks, this option is useful if your issue tracker configuration requires that you log the time you spend on tasks. In this case, you can send your time log from IntelliJ IDEA to the tracker.

Enable time tracking

Press Control+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and then select Tools | Tasks | Time Tracking .

Select the Enable Time Tracking checkbox.

(Optionally) Change the Suspend delay value.

Here you can specify how long you have to stay inactive before the task will be considered suspended.

Time Tracking tool window with two ongoing tasks

Send time log to tracker

Specify the time interval you want to log and add a comment if necessary. Click OK .

Send the log to the tracker

A context is a set of bookmarks, breakpoints, and tabs opened in the editor. Contexts are linked to tasks, but you can work with contexts without associating them with specific tasks.

Having separate contexts lets you work on several things and switch between them without mixing the changes.

Save a context

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Save Context .

In the Save Context dialog, enter the name of the context and click OK .

Add items to existing contexts

In the main menu, go to Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Load Context .

Add the necessary items (bookmarks or breakpoints) or open the necessary files and save the context: Tools | Tasks & Contexts | Save Context .

Switch between contexts

When you switch between tasks, the IDE automatically switches related contexts. However, if the contexts that you work with are not associated with tasks, you can switch between them manually.

In the Load Context popup, select the necessary context from the list.

Alternatively, click the right arrow and select Load .

Loading a context

Clear a context

To clear the current context without loading another one, select Tools | Tasks & Contexts| Clear Context from the main menu, or press Alt+Shift+X .

Delete a context

When a task is finished, or if you do not need a context anymore, you can remove it.

In the Load Context popup, click the right arrow and select Remove .

  • Integrations
  • Learning Center

MoSCoW Prioritization

What is moscow prioritization.

MoSCoW prioritization, also known as the MoSCoW method or MoSCoW analysis, is a popular prioritization technique for managing requirements. 

  The acronym MoSCoW represents four categories of initiatives: must-have, should-have, could-have, and won’t-have, or will not have right now. Some companies also use the “W” in MoSCoW to mean “wish.”

What is the History of the MoSCoW Method?

Software development expert Dai Clegg created the MoSCoW method while working at Oracle. He designed the framework to help his team prioritize tasks during development work on product releases.

You can find a detailed account of using MoSCoW prioritization in the Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) handbook . But because MoSCoW can prioritize tasks within any time-boxed project, teams have adapted the method for a broad range of uses.

How Does MoSCoW Prioritization Work?

Before running a MoSCoW analysis, a few things need to happen. First, key stakeholders and the product team need to get aligned on objectives and prioritization factors. Then, all participants must agree on which initiatives to prioritize.

At this point, your team should also discuss how they will settle any disagreements in prioritization. If you can establish how to resolve disputes before they come up, you can help prevent those disagreements from holding up progress.

Finally, you’ll also want to reach a consensus on what percentage of resources you’d like to allocate to each category.

With the groundwork complete, you may begin determining which category is most appropriate for each initiative. But, first, let’s further break down each category in the MoSCoW method.

Start prioritizing your roadmap

Moscow prioritization categories.

Moscow

1. Must-have initiatives

As the name suggests, this category consists of initiatives that are “musts” for your team. They represent non-negotiable needs for the project, product, or release in question. For example, if you’re releasing a healthcare application, a must-have initiative may be security functionalities that help maintain compliance.

The “must-have” category requires the team to complete a mandatory task. If you’re unsure about whether something belongs in this category, ask yourself the following.

moscow-initiatives

If the product won’t work without an initiative, or the release becomes useless without it, the initiative is most likely a “must-have.”

2. Should-have initiatives

Should-have initiatives are just a step below must-haves. They are essential to the product, project, or release, but they are not vital. If left out, the product or project still functions. However, the initiatives may add significant value.

“Should-have” initiatives are different from “must-have” initiatives in that they can get scheduled for a future release without impacting the current one. For example, performance improvements, minor bug fixes, or new functionality may be “should-have” initiatives. Without them, the product still works.

3. Could-have initiatives

Another way of describing “could-have” initiatives is nice-to-haves. “Could-have” initiatives are not necessary to the core function of the product. However, compared with “should-have” initiatives, they have a much smaller impact on the outcome if left out.

So, initiatives placed in the “could-have” category are often the first to be deprioritized if a project in the “should-have” or “must-have” category ends up larger than expected.

4. Will not have (this time)

One benefit of the MoSCoW method is that it places several initiatives in the “will-not-have” category. The category can manage expectations about what the team will not include in a specific release (or another timeframe you’re prioritizing).

Placing initiatives in the “will-not-have” category is one way to help prevent scope creep . If initiatives are in this category, the team knows they are not a priority for this specific time frame. 

Some initiatives in the “will-not-have” group will be prioritized in the future, while others are not likely to happen. Some teams decide to differentiate between those by creating a subcategory within this group.

How Can Development Teams Use MoSCoW?

  Although Dai Clegg developed the approach to help prioritize tasks around his team’s limited time, the MoSCoW method also works when a development team faces limitations other than time. For example: 

Prioritize based on budgetary constraints.

What if a development team’s limiting factor is not a deadline but a tight budget imposed by the company? Working with the product managers, the team can use MoSCoW first to decide on the initiatives that represent must-haves and the should-haves. Then, using the development department’s budget as the guide, the team can figure out which items they can complete. 

Prioritize based on the team’s skillsets.

A cross-functional product team might also find itself constrained by the experience and expertise of its developers. If the product roadmap calls for functionality the team does not have the skills to build, this limiting factor will play into scoring those items in their MoSCoW analysis.

Prioritize based on competing needs at the company.

Cross-functional teams can also find themselves constrained by other company priorities. The team wants to make progress on a new product release, but the executive staff has created tight deadlines for further releases in the same timeframe. In this case, the team can use MoSCoW to determine which aspects of their desired release represent must-haves and temporarily backlog everything else.

What Are the Drawbacks of MoSCoW Prioritization?

  Although many product and development teams have prioritized MoSCoW, the approach has potential pitfalls. Here are a few examples.

1. An inconsistent scoring process can lead to tasks placed in the wrong categories.

  One common criticism against MoSCoW is that it does not include an objective methodology for ranking initiatives against each other. Your team will need to bring this methodology to your analysis. The MoSCoW approach works only to ensure that your team applies a consistent scoring system for all initiatives.

Pro tip: One proven method is weighted scoring, where your team measures each initiative on your backlog against a standard set of cost and benefit criteria. You can use the weighted scoring approach in ProductPlan’s roadmap app .

2. Not including all relevant stakeholders can lead to items placed in the wrong categories.

To know which of your team’s initiatives represent must-haves for your product and which are merely should-haves, you will need as much context as possible.

For example, you might need someone from your sales team to let you know how important (or unimportant) prospective buyers view a proposed new feature.

One pitfall of the MoSCoW method is that you could make poor decisions about where to slot each initiative unless your team receives input from all relevant stakeholders. 

3. Team bias for (or against) initiatives can undermine MoSCoW’s effectiveness.

Because MoSCoW does not include an objective scoring method, your team members can fall victim to their own opinions about certain initiatives. 

One risk of using MoSCoW prioritization is that a team can mistakenly think MoSCoW itself represents an objective way of measuring the items on their list. They discuss an initiative, agree that it is a “should have,” and move on to the next.

But your team will also need an objective and consistent framework for ranking all initiatives. That is the only way to minimize your team’s biases in favor of items or against them.

When Do You Use the MoSCoW Method for Prioritization?

MoSCoW prioritization is effective for teams that want to include representatives from the whole organization in their process. You can capture a broader perspective by involving participants from various functional departments.

Another reason you may want to use MoSCoW prioritization is it allows your team to determine how much effort goes into each category. Therefore, you can ensure you’re delivering a good variety of initiatives in each release.

What Are Best Practices for Using MoSCoW Prioritization?

If you’re considering giving MoSCoW prioritization a try, here are a few steps to keep in mind. Incorporating these into your process will help your team gain more value from the MoSCoW method.

1. Choose an objective ranking or scoring system.

Remember, MoSCoW helps your team group items into the appropriate buckets—from must-have items down to your longer-term wish list. But MoSCoW itself doesn’t help you determine which item belongs in which category.

You will need a separate ranking methodology. You can choose from many, such as:

  • Weighted scoring
  • Value vs. complexity
  • Buy-a-feature
  • Opportunity scoring

For help finding the best scoring methodology for your team, check out ProductPlan’s article: 7 strategies to choose the best features for your product .

2. Seek input from all key stakeholders.

To make sure you’re placing each initiative into the right bucket—must-have, should-have, could-have, or won’t-have—your team needs context. 

At the beginning of your MoSCoW method, your team should consider which stakeholders can provide valuable context and insights. Sales? Customer success? The executive staff? Product managers in another area of your business? Include them in your initiative scoring process if you think they can help you see opportunities or threats your team might miss. 

3. Share your MoSCoW process across your organization.

MoSCoW gives your team a tangible way to show your organization prioritizing initiatives for your products or projects. 

The method can help you build company-wide consensus for your work, or at least help you show stakeholders why you made the decisions you did.

Communicating your team’s prioritization strategy also helps you set expectations across the business. When they see your methodology for choosing one initiative over another, stakeholders in other departments will understand that your team has thought through and weighed all decisions you’ve made. 

If any stakeholders have an issue with one of your decisions, they will understand that they can’t simply complain—they’ll need to present you with evidence to alter your course of action.  

Related Terms

2×2 prioritization matrix / Eisenhower matrix / DACI decision-making framework / ICE scoring model / RICE scoring model

Prioritizing your roadmap using our guide

Try productplan free for 14 days, share on mastodon.

task management java

Follow us on Facebook

Simple Task Manager In Java With Source Code

Project: simple task manager application.

-To download simple task manager in java project for free (Scroll Down)

The simple task manager application is a Java project. It allows the user to manage their day by day task report. This is the updated version of the previous task application. To run the project you will need Eclipse IDE. So before you run the project make sure that you have Eclipse or Jet Brains IDE on your computer.

About the project

This whole project has only one concept, that to record your daily task and to do lists. You will add a task and set it to its priority. Also, you can schedule your task list with the use of the calendar button. You have to provide the task description. In this up to date version of the project, your task will be in two categories. First, one will be scheduled task and the other will be the unfinished task. You can manage your task with these two categories.

In order to run the project, first, install an IDE. Then import the project from the studio’s homepage. Your project set up will automatically start. All the Gradle build files will automatically install inside your project root directory. To run the project and set up your virtual device and run the emulator. The project will start and there you can add your task and to-do lists.

This whole project is developed in Eclipse IDE. Here java programming language is used for the field validation and also XML language for the transferring of data. This project keeps asking you about the plugins update so keep your internet alive. And moreover, you will need to update your SDK version and also you have to update your instant run plugins.

Design of this is so simple that the user won’t find difficulties while working on it. This project is easy to operate and understood by the users. To run this project you must have installed Eclipse IDE or Netbeans IDE on your PC. This system in Java is free to download with source code. For the project demo, have a look at the video below.

DOWNLOAD SIMPLE TASK MANAGER IN JAVA WITH SOURCE CODE FOR FREE: CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW

Download Project

Got stuck or need help customizing the task application as per your need, go to our Java tutorial  or just comment down below and we will do our best to answer your question ASAP.

  •   CSS Border Radius Generator
  •   jQuery Keycode Generator
  •   Base64 Encoder/Decoder
  •   CSS Attributes Generator
  •   Morse Code Generator
  •   URL Encoder/Decoder
  •   Image to Base64 Text
  •   SEO - Word Count

Java: Reference List of Time Zones and GMT/UTC Offset

Bookmark Alert! If you work with Time Zones a lot, do bookmark this page.

It is very important to set proper timeZone in Java code when dealing with Day Light Saving dates,

Example of converting America/New_York time to America/Chicago timezone

Java TimeZones List

List of Java 11 TimeZones with GMT/UTC Offsets:

Java timezones for Africa Cities: Abidjan, Accra, Addis Ababa, Algiers, Asmara, Asmera, Bamako, Bangui, Banjul, Bissau, Blantyre, Brazzaville, Bujumbura, Cairo, Casablanca, Ceuta, Conakry, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Djibouti, Douala, El_Aaiun, Freetown, Gaborone, Harare, Johannesburg, Juba, Kampala, Khartoum, Kigali, Kinshasa, Lagos, Libreville, Lome, Luanda, Lubumbashi, Lusaka, Malabo, Maputo, Maseru, Mbabane, Mogadishu, Monrovia, Nairobi, Ndjamena, Niamey, Nouakchott, Ouagadougou, Porto-Novo, Sao Tome, Timbuktu, Tripoli, Tunis

Java timezones for American Cities: Adak, Anchorage, Anguilla, Antigua, Araguaina, Buenos Aires, Catamarca, ComodRivadavia, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Gallegos, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman, Ushuaia, Aruba, Asuncion, Atikokan, Atka, Bahia, Bahia Banderas, Barbados, Belem, Belize, Blanc-Sablon, Boa Vista, Bogota, Boise, Buenos Aires, Cambridge Bay, Campo Grande, Cancun, Caracas, Catamarca, Cayenne, Cayman, Chicago, Chihuahua, Coral Harbour, Cordoba, Costa Rica, Creston, Cuiaba, Curacao, Danmarkshavn, Dawson, Dawson Creek, Denver, Detroit, Dominica, Edmonton, Eirunepe, El Salvador, Ensenada, Fort Nelson, Fort Wayne, Fortaleza, Glace Bay, Godthab, Goose Bay, Grand Turk, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guayaquil, Guyana, Halifax, Havana, Hermosillo, Indiana/Indianapolis, Indiana/Knox, Indiana/Marengo, Indiana/Petersburg, Indiana/Tell City, Indiana/Vevay, Indiana/Vincennes, Indiana/Winamac, Indianapolis, Inuvik, Iqaluit, Jamaica, Jujuy, Juneau, Kentucky/Louisville, Kentucky/Monticello, Knox IN, Kralendijk, La Paz, Lima, Los Angeles, Louisville, Lower Princes, Maceio, Managua, Manaus, Marigot, Martinique, Matamoros, Mazatlan, Mendoza, Menominee, Merida, Metlakatla, Mexico City, Miquelon, Moncton, Monterrey, Montevideo, Montreal, Montserrat, Nassau, New York, Nipigon, Nome, Noronha, North Dakota/Beulah, North Dakota/Center, North Dakota/New Salem, Nuuk, Ojinaga, Panama, Pangnirtung, Paramaribo, Phoenix, Port-au-Prince, Port of Spain, Porto Acre, Porto Velho, Puerto Rico, Punta Arenas, Rainy River, Rankin Inlet, Recife, Regina, Resolute, Rio Branco, Rosario, Santa Isabel, Santarem, Santiago, Santo Domingo, Sao Paulo, Scoresbysund, Shiprock, Sitka, St Barthelemy, St Johns, St Kitts, St Lucia, St Thomas, St Vincent, Swift Current, Tegucigalpa, Thule, Thunder Bay, Tijuana, Toronto, Tortola, Vancouver, Virgin, Whitehorse, Winnipeg, Yakutat, Yellowknife.

Java timezones for Antarctica: Casey, Davis, DumontDUrville, Macquarie, Mawson, McMurdo, Palmer, Rothera, South_Pole, Syowa, Troll, Vostok.

Java timezones for Arctic: Longyearbyen.

Java timezones for Asian Cities/Regions : Aden, Almaty, Amman, Anadyr, Aqtau, Aqtobe, Ashgabat, Ashkhabad, Atyrau, Baghdad, Bahrain, Baku, Bangkok, Barnaul, Beirut, Bishkek, Brunei, Calcutta, Chita, Choibalsan, Chongqing, Chungking, Colombo, Dacca, Damascus, Dhaka, Dili, Dubai, Dushanbe, Famagusta, Gaza, Harbin, Hebron, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Hovd, Irkutsk, Istanbul, Jakarta, Jayapura, Jerusalem, Kabul, Kamchatka, Karachi, Kashgar, Kathmandu, Katmandu, Khandyga, Kolkata, Krasnoyarsk, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching, Kuwait, Macao, Macau, Magadan, Makassar, Manila, Muscat, Nicosia, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Oral, Phnom Penh, Pontianak, Pyongyang, Qatar, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Rangoon, Riyadh, Saigon, Sakhalin, Samarkand, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Srednekolymsk, Taipei, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tehran, Tel Aviv, Thimbu, Thimphu, Tokyo, Tomsk, Ujung Pandang, Ulaanbaatar, Ulan Bator, Urumqi, Ust-Nera, Vientiane, Vladivostok, Yakutsk, Yangon, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan.

Java timezones for Australian Cities/Regions: Azores, Bermuda, Canary, Cape_Verde, Faeroe, Faroe, Jan_Mayen, Madeira, Reykjavik, South_Georgia, St_Helena, Stanley, ACT.

Java timezones for Australian Cities/Regions: Adelaide, Brisbane, Broken Hill, Canberra, Currie, Darwin, Eucla, Hobart, LHI, Lindeman, Lord Howe, Melbourne, NSW, North, Perth, Queensland, South, Sydney, Tasmania, Victoria, West, Yancowinna.

Java timezones for Brazilian Cities/Region : Acre, DeNoronha, East, West.

Other regions: Canada, Chile, Cuba, Egypt, Europe, US.

Facing issues? Have Questions? Post them here! I am happy to answer!

We keep our articles short so the focus remains on providing effective tech solutions while promoting healthier screen habits and enhancing overall well-being. 📝 💡 🌱 By reducing screen time, we contribute to a greener future, reducing carbon emissions and fostering digital well-being. 🌍 🌿 🔋

We are celebrating the 10th years of Code2care! Thank you for all your support!

We strongly support Gender Equality & Diversity - #BlackLivesMatters

Rakesh (He/Him) is a seasoned developer with over 10 years of experience in web and app development, and a deep knowledge of operating systems. Author of insightful How-To articles for Code2care.

Follow him on: X

You can also reach out to him via e-mail: [email protected]

  • CRUD operations in Spring Boot + JDBC
  • Java Check Leap Year - Programs with Code Examples
  • [fix] Java JDBC ConnectException: Connection refused
  • How to add hours and minutes to Java Instant
  • Java Program: Random Number Generator
  • Java: The value of the local variable string is not used
  • How to get list of all Java versions installed on macOS
  • Java SE JDBC with Prepared Statement Parameterized Select Example
  • Java + Spring JDBC Template + Gradle Example
  • Convert String to LocalDate in Java
  • Remove Trailing zeros BigDecimal Java
  • Java 8 Predicate Functional Interface isEqual() Method Example
  • How to Hardcode Date in Java with Examples
  • Java 8: Predicate negate() default Function Example
  • Java: Collect Stream as ArrayList or LinkedList
  • The Motivation Behind Generics in Java Programming
  • How to Add/Subtract Days to the Current Date in Java
  • Error: Can not find the tag library descriptor for
  • Setting up JUnit 5 dependency with Maven Example
  • Run Java Code Every Second
  • How to create a tar.gz file using Java
  • [Fix] java: integer number too large compilation error
  • Java 8: Find the Max value in a List
  • Your JBoss Application Server 7 is running However you have not yet added any users to be able to access the admin console
  • Convert Java Array to ArrayList Code Example
  • Setup Git + Visual Studio Code Tutorial - Git
  • Android Studio Error:(19, 0) Gradle DSL method not found: android() - Android-Studio
  • Bash command to wait for seconds - Bash
  • say command macOS terminal examples - MacOS
  • How to disable button in Bootstrap - Bootstrap
  • Must Know Homebrew Commands for Mac/Linux Users - MacOS
  • [Fix] Modern authentication failed here, but youll still be able to sign in. Your status code is 4c7 - Microsoft Teams - Teams
  • Get MD5 Hash as Checksum of a String in Python - Python
  • #MacOS: 350
  • #Python: 233
  • #Android: 221
  • #SharePoint: 153
  • #NotepadPlusPlus: 130
  • #HowTos: 104
  • #Microsoft: 81
  • #Android-Studio: 68
  • #Powershell: 50
  • #Eclipse: 50
  • #Docker: 50
  • #Mac-OS-X: 37
  • #Ubuntu: 34
  • #JavaScript: 33
  • #Python-Programs: 33
  • #Google: 33
  • #Gradle: 27
  • #Windows: 27
  • #Chrome: 24
  • #Bootstrap: 15
  • #C-Program: 15
  • #Sublime-Text: 14
  • #WhatsApp: 12
  • #Facebook: 11
  • #Json-Tutorial: 8
  • #Shortcuts: 5
  • #Hashtags: 4
  • #Twitter: 4
  • #Windows-11: 4
  • #Sublime: 3
  • #PowerAutomate: 2
  • #CKEditor: 1
  • #Objective-C: 1
  • #PowerApps: 1
  • #Science: 1

National Academies Press: OpenBook

The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons: Proceedings of a Workshop (2001)

Chapter: 14 problems of waste management in the moscow region, problems of waste management in the moscow region.

Department of Natural Resources of the Central Region of Russia

The scientific and technological revolution of the twentieth century has turned the world over, transformed it, and presented humankind with new knowledge and innovative technologies that previously seemed to be fantasies. Man, made in the Creator’s own image, has indeed become in many respects similar to the Creator. Primitive thinking and consumerism as to nature and natural resources seem to be in contrast to this background. Drastic deterioration of the environment has become the other side of the coin that gave the possibility, so pleasant for the average person, to buy practically everything that is needed.

A vivid example of man’s impact as “a geological force” (as Academician V. I. Vernadsky described contemporary mankind) is poisoning of the soil, surface and underground waters, and atmosphere with floods of waste that threaten to sweep over the Earth. Ecosystems of our planet are no longer capable of “digesting” ever-increasing volumes of waste and new synthetic chemicals alien to nature.

One of the most important principles in achieving sustainable development is to limit the appetite of public consumption. A logical corollary of this principle suggests that the notion “waste” or “refuse” should be excluded not only from professional terminology, but also from the minds of people, with “secondary material resources” as a substitute concept for them. In my presentation I would like to dwell on a number of aspects of waste disposal. It is an ecological, economic, and social problem for the Moscow megalopolis in present-day conditions.

PRESENT SITUATION WITH WASTE IN MOSCOW

Tens of thousand of enterprises and research organizations of practically all branches of the economy are amassed over the territory of 100,000 hectares: facilities of energy, chemistry and petrochemistry; metallurgical and machine-building works; and light industrial and food processing plants. Moscow is occupying one of the leading places in the Russian Federation for the level of industrial production. The city is the greatest traffic center and bears a heavy load in a broad spectrum of responsibilities as capital of the State. The burden of technogenesis on the environment of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region is very considerable, and it is caused by all those factors mentioned above. One of the most acute problems is the adverse effect of the huge volumes of industrial and consumer wastes. Industrial waste has a great variety of chemical components.

For the last ten years we witnessed mainly negative trends in industrial production in Moscow due to the economic crisis in the country. In Moscow the largest industrial works came practically to a standstill, and production of manufactured goods declined sharply. At the same time, a comparative analysis in 1998–99 of the indexes of goods and services output and of resource potential showed that the coefficient of the practical use of natural resources per unit of product, which had been by all means rather low in previous years, proceeded gradually to decrease further. At present we have only 25 percent of the industrial output that we had in 1990, but the volume of water intake remains at the same level. Fuel consumption has come down only by 18 percent, and the amassed production waste diminished by only 50 percent. These figures indicate the growing indexes of resource consumption and increases in wastes from industrial production.

Every year about 13 million tons of different kinds of waste are accumulated in Moscow: 42 percent from water preparation and sewage treatment, 25 percent from industry, 13 percent from the construction sector, and 20 percent from the municipal economy.

The main problem of waste management in Moscow city comes from the existing situation whereby a number of sites for recycling and disposal of certain types of industrial waste and facilities for storage of inert industrial and building wastes are situated outside the city in Moscow Region, which is subject to other laws of the Russian Federation. Management of inert industrial and building wastes, which make up the largest part of the general volume of wastes and of solid domestic wastes (SDW), simply means in everyday practice their disposal at 46 sites (polygons) in Moscow Region and at 200 disposal locations that are completely unsuitable from the ecological point of view.

The volume of recycled waste is less than 10–15 percent of the volume that is needed. Only 8 percent of solid domestic refuse is destroyed (by incineration). If we group industrial waste according to risk factor classes, refuse that is not

dangerous makes up 80 percent of the total volume, 4th class low-hazard wastes 14 percent, and 1st-3rd classes of dangerous wastes amount to 3.5 percent. The largest part of the waste is not dangerous—up to 32 percent. Construction refuse, iron and steel scrap, and non-ferrous metal scrap are 15 percent. Paper is 12 percent, and scrap lumber is 4 percent. Metal scrap under the 4th class of risk factor makes up 37 percent; wood, paper, and polymers more than 8 percent; and all-rubber scrap 15 percent. So, most refuse can be successfully recycled and brought back into manufacturing.

This is related to SDW too. The morphological composition of SDW in Moscow is characterized by a high proportion of utilizable waste: 37.6 percent in paper refuse, 35.2 percent in food waste, 10 percent in polymeric materials, 7 percent in glass scrap, and about 5 percent in iron, steel, and non-ferrous metal scrap. The paper portion in commercial wastes amounts to 70 percent of the SDW volume.

A number of programs initiated by the Government of Moscow are underway for the collection and utilization of refuse and for neutralization of industrial and domestic waste. A waste-recycling industry is being developed in the city of Moscow, mostly for manufacturing recycled products and goods. One of the most important ecological problems is the establishment in the region of ecologically safe facilities for the disposal of dangerous wastes of 1st and 2nd class risk factors.

Pre-planned industrial capacities for thermal neutralization of SDW will be able to take 30 percent of domestic waste and dangerous industrial waste. Construction of rubbish-burning works according to the old traditional approach is not worthwhile and should come to an end. Waste-handling stations have been under construction in the city for the last five years. In two years there will be six such stations which will make it possible to reduce the number of garbage trucks from 1,156 to 379 and to reduce the amount of atmospheric pollution they produce. In addition the switch to building stations with capacity of briquetting one ton of waste into a cubic meter will decrease the burden on waste disposal sites and prolong their life span by 4–5 fold. Trash hauling enterprises will also make profit because of lower transportation costs.

Putting into operation waste-segregation complexes (10–12 sites) would reduce volumes of refuse to disposal sites by 40 percent—that is 1,200,000 tons per year. The total volume of burned or recycled SDW would reach 2,770,000 tons a year. A total of 210,000 tons of waste per year would be buried. So, in the course of a five year period, full industrial recycling of SDW could be achieved in practice.

Collection of segregated waste is one of the important elements in effective disposal and utilization of SDW. It facilitates recycling of waste and return of secondary material into the manufacturing process. Future trends in segregation and collection of SDW will demand wide popularization and improvement of the ecological culture and everyday behavior of people.

In recent years the high increase in the number of cars in Moscow has brought about not only higher pollution of the atmosphere, but also an avalanche-like accumulation of refuse from vehicles. Besides littering residential and recreation areas, cars represent a source for toxic pollution of land and reservoirs. At the same time, automobile wastes are a good source for recycled products. In the short-term outlook, Moscow has to resolve the problem of collection and utilization of decommissioned vehicles and automobile wastes with particular emphasis on activities of the private sector. Setting up a system for collection and utilization of bulky domestic waste and electronic equipment refuse is also on the priority list.

In 1999 in Moscow the following volumes of secondary raw materials were produced or used in the city or were recycled: 300,000 tons of construction waste, 296,000 tons of metal scrap, 265 tons of car battery lead, 21,000 tons of glass, 62,500 tons of paper waste, 4,328 tons of oil-bearing waste, and 306 tons of refuse from galvanizing plants.

Such traditional secondary materials as metal scrap and paper waste are not recycled in Moscow but are shipped to other regions of Russia.

The worldwide practice of sorting and recycling industrial and domestic wastes demands the establishment of an industry for secondary recycling. Otherwise segregation of waste becomes ineffective.

There are restraining factors for the development of an effective system of assorted selection, segregation, and use of secondary raw resources, namely lack of sufficient manufacturing capacities and of suitable technologies for secondary recycling.

The problem of utilization of wastes is closely linked with the problem of modernization and sometimes even demands fundamental restructuring of industries. The practical use of equipment for less energy consumption and a smaller volume of wastes and a transition to the use of alternative raw materials are needed. Large enterprises—the main producers of dangerous wastes—are in a difficult financial situation now, which is an impediment for proceeding along these lines.

Private and medium-size enterprises are becoming gradually aware of the economic profitability in rational use of waste. For example, the firm Satory started as a transportation organization specialized in removal of scrap from demolished buildings and those undergoing reconstruction. It now benefits from recycling of waste, having developed an appropriate technology for the dismantling of buildings with segregation of building waste. So, as it has been already mentioned above, the first task for Moscow is to establish a basis for waste recycling.

HOW TO CHANGE THE SITUATION WITH WASTE

Transition to modern technologies in the utilization of wastes requires either sufficient investments or a considerable increase in repayment for waste on the part of the population. Obviously, these two approaches are not likely to be realized in the near future.

The recovery of one ton of SDW with the use of ecologically acceptable technology requires not less than $70–100.

Given the average per capita income in 1999 and the likely increase up to the year of 2005, in 2005 it will be possible to receive from a citizen not more than $14 per year. This means that the cost of technology should not exceed $40 per ton of recycled waste. Unfortunately, this requirement can fit only unsegregated waste disposal at the polygons (taking into account an increase in transportation costs by the year 2005).

Such being the case, it looks like there is only one acceptable solution for Russia to solve the problem of waste in an up-to-date manner: to introduce trade-in value on packaging and on some manufactured articles.

In recent years domestic waste includes more and more beverage containers. Plastic and glass bottles, aluminium cans, and packs like Tetrapak stockpiled at disposal sites will soon reach the same volumes as in western countries. In Canada, for example, this kind of waste amounts to one-third of all domestic waste.

A characteristic feature of this kind of waste is that the packaging for beverages is extremely durable and expensive. Manufactured from polyethylene terephthalate (PTA) and aluminum, it is sometimes more expensive than the beverage it contains.

What are the ways for solving the problem? Practically all of them are well-known, but most will not work in Russia in present conditions. The first problem relates to collection of segregated waste in the urban sector and in the services sector. A number of reasons make this system unrealistic, specifically in large cities. Sorting of waste at waste-briquetting sites and at polygons is possible. But if we take into account the present cost of secondary resources, this system turns out to be economically unprofitable and cannot be widely introduced.

The introduction of deposits on containers for beverages is at present the most acceptable option for Russia. This system turned out to be most effective in a number of countries that have much in common with Russia. In fact this option is not at all new for us. Surely, all people remember the price of beer or kefir bottles. A system of deposit for glass bottles was in operation in the USSR, and waste sites were free from hundreds of millions of glass bottles and jars. We simply need to reinstate this system at present in the new economic conditions according to new types and modes of packaging. Deposits could be introduced also on glass bottles and jars, PTA and other plastic bottles, aluminium cans, and Tetrapak packing.

Let us investigate several non-ecological aspects of this problem, because the ecological impact of secondary recycling of billions of bottles, cans, and packs is quite obvious.

Most of the population in Russia lives below the poverty line. When people buy bottles of vodka, beer, or soft drinks, they will have to pay a deposit value (10–20 kopeks for a bottle). The poorest people will carry the bottles to receiving points. A system of collection of packaging will function by itself. Only receiving points are needed. Millions of rubles that are collected will be redistributed among the poorest people for their benefit, and a social problem of the poor will be solved to a certain extent not by charity, but with normal economic means.

A second point is also well-known. In a market economy one of the most important problems is that of employment. What happens when the trade-in value is introduced?

Thousands of new jobs are created at receiving points and at enterprises that recycle glass, plastics, etc. And we don’t need a single penny from the state budget. More than that, these enterprises will pay taxes and consume products of other branches of industry, thus yielding a return to the budget, not to mention income tax from new jobs.

There is another aspect of the matter. Considerable funding is needed from budgets of local governments, including communal repayments for waste collection and disposal at polygons and incinerators. Reduction of expenses for utilization of waste can be significant support for housing and communal reform in general.

It is practically impossible to evaluate in general an ecological effect when thousands of tons of waste will cease to occupy plots of land near cities as long-term disposal sites. Operation costs of receiving points and transportation costs could be covered by funds obtained from manufacturers and from returned packaging. Besides, when a waste recycling industry develops and becomes profitable, recycling factories will be able to render partial support to receiving points.

Trade-in value can be introduced on all types of packaging except milk products and products for children. It could amount to 15 or 30 kopecks per container, depending on its size. If all plastic bottles with water and beer are sold with trade-in value only in Moscow, the total sum will reach 450 million rubles a year. If we include glass bottles, aluminum cans, and packets, the sum will be one billion rubles. This sum will be redistributed at receiving points among people with scanty means when they receive the money for used packaging and jobs at receiving points and at recycling factories.

The bottleneck of the problem now is the absence in Russia of high technology industries for waste recycling. It can be resolved rather easily. At the first stage, used packaging can be sold as raw material for enterprises, including those overseas. There is unrestricted demand for PTA and aluminum on the part

of foreign firms. When waste collection mechanisms are established, there will be limited investments in this branch of industry.

With regard to the inexhaustible source of free raw material, this recycling industry will become one of the most reliable from the point of view of recoupment of investments. The Government, regional authorities, the population, and of course ecologists should all be interested in having such a law.

The same should be done with sales of cars, tires, and car batteries. Prices of every tire or battery should be higher by 30–50 rubles. These sums of money should be returned back to a buyer or credited when he buys a new tire or a new battery. For sure, such being the case we will not find used batteries thrown about the city dumps. In this case the task is even simpler because there are already a number of facilities for the recycling of tires and batteries.

In fact, a law of trade-in value can change the situation with waste in Russia in a fundamental way. Russian legislation has already been prepared, and the concept of an ecological tax has been introduced in the new Internal Revenue Code. Now it needs to be competently introduced. The outlay for waste recycling has to become a type of ecological tax. To realize this task much work has to be done among the deputies and with the Government. Public ecological organizations, including international ones, should play a leading role.

ACTIVITY OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE MOSCOW REGION

We know examples of the ever increasing role of the general public in the solution of the problem of waste utilization, first of all in those countries that have well-developed democratic institutions. “Fight Against Waste” is one of the popular slogans of public organizations abroad. Public opinion has brought about measures of sanitary cleaning in cities, secured better work by municipal services, shut down hazardous industries, and restricted and prohibited incineration facilities. Nevertheless, the struggle against wastes in the economically developed countries, being a manifestation of an advanced attitude towards the environment, has in the long run brought about a paradoxical result. Transfer of hazardous industries to countries with lower environmental standards and inadequate public support—Russia, as an example—has made the world even more dangerous from the ecological point of view.

Russia has just embarked on the path of formation of environmental public movements by the establishment of nongovernmental organizations. Representatives of nongovernmental organizations from Russia took part in the international gathering in Bonn in March 2000 of nongovernmental organizations that are members of the International Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Elimination Network. A declaration against incineration was adopted in

Bonn by nongovernmental organizations, which called for elaboration of effective alternative technologies for utilization of waste and safe technologies for elimination of existing stockpiles of POP.

Quite a number of environmental organizations are operating now in Moscow. First to be mentioned is the All-Russia Society for the Conservation of Nature, which was established in Soviet times. There are other nongovernmental organizations: Ecosoglasiye, Ecolain, Ecological Union, and the Russian branches of Green Cross and Greenpeace. All these organizations collect and popularize environmental information and organize protest actions against policies of the Government or local administrations on ecological matters. A new political party—Russia’s Movement of the Greens—is being formed.

Laws currently in force in the Russian Federation (“On Protection of the Environment,” “On State Ecological Examination by Experts,” “On Production and Consumption of Waste”) declare the right of the public to participate in environmental examination of projects that are to be implemented, including those on the establishment of facilities for elimination and disposition of waste. Public examinations can be organized by the initiative of citizens and public associations. For example, under the law of Moscow “On Protection of the Rights of Citizens while Implementing Decisions on Construction Projects in Moscow,” public hearings are organized by the city’s boards. Decisions taken by local authorities, at referenda and public meetings, may be the very reason for carrying out public examinations. Such examinations are conducted mainly by commissions, collectives, or ad hoc groups of experts. Members of public examination panels are responsible for the accuracy and validity of their expert evaluations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. A decision of a public environmental panel has an informative nature as a recommendation, but it becomes legally mandatory after its approval by the appropriate body of the State. Besides, the opinion of the public is taken into account when a project submitted for state environmental review has undergone public examinations and there are supporting materials.

Public environmental examination is supposed to draw the attention of state bodies to a definite site or facility and to disseminate well-grounded information about potential ecological risks. This important facet of public environmental organizations in Moscow and in Russia is very weak. To a large extent, it can be explained by an insufficient level of specific and general knowledge of ecology even on the part of the environmentalists themselves. Lack of knowledge on the part of ordinary citizens and public groups and inadequate information (for various reasons) produce alarm-motivated behavior by those who harm the organization of environmental activity in general and waste management in particular.

There are nevertheless positive examples of public participation in designing policies of local authorities in the waste management sphere.

Speaking about the Moscow region we can point to the very productive work of the Public Ecological Commission attached to the Council of Deputies in Pushchino, in Moscow Oblast.

The population of Pushchino is 21,000. The polygon for solid biological wastes (SBW) has practically exhausted its capacities. In 1996, in order to find a way out, the Administration of the town showed an interest in a proposal made by the Austrian firm FMW to support financially the construction of an electric power station in the vicinity of the town that would operate using both fuel briquettes and SBW of the town. The briquettes would be manufactured in Turkey and would contain 70 percent Austrian industrial waste with added oil sludge. It was also envisaged that during the construction period of the electric power station, 300,000 tons of briquettes would be shipped and stockpiled. The original positive decision was annulled due to an independent evaluation of the project organized by the Public Ecological Commission.

The general public of Puschino put forward a counter proposal before the Administration in order to reduce volumes of SBW disposal at the polygon and to prolong its operation—segregation of SBW (food waste, paper refuse, fabrics, metal, glass, used car batteries). As a result, a new scheme for sanitary measures in the town was worked out in 1998, which on the basis of segregation of waste provided for a considerable decrease in refuse flow to the polygon. Unfortunately, for lack of finances in the town budget, the scheme has not been introduced to the full extent. But in spite of severe shortages of special containers for segregated wastes, a network of receiving points for secondary materials was set up.

One of the pressing tasks for greater public activity is wide popularization of environmental knowledge on waste management, especially among the young generation. There is a very important role for public organizations to play in this domain when enlightenment and education are becoming a primary concern of nongovernmental organizations. Referring again to the example of the Public Ecological Commission in Pushchino, I have to underline that this organization is taking an active part in the enlightenment of the population through organizing exhibitions, placing publications in the press, and spurring school children into action to encourage cleaning of the town by means of environmental contests, seminars, and conferences. Children help the Commission organize mobile receiving points for secondary material. They even prepare announcements and post them around the town calling on the citizens to take valuable amounts of domestic wastes and car batteries to receiving points.

There are other examples of a growing influence of public organizations on the policy of administration in the sphere of waste management in the Moscow region. The Moscow Children’s Ecological Center has worked out the Program “You, He, She and I—All Together Make Moscow Clean,” which is being introduced with the support of the Moscow Government. In the framework of this program, children collect waste paper at schools, and they are taught how to

be careful about the environment and material resources. The storage facilities agreed to support the initiative. They buy waste paper at a special price for school children. Then, the schools spend the earned money for excursions, laboratory equipment, books, and plant greenery.

Another example of an enlightened activity is a project realized in 1999 by the firm Ecoconcord on producing video-clips for TV about the adverse effects of waste incineration and the illegality of unauthorized storage of waste.

The name Ecoconcord speaks for the main purpose of this organization—to achieve mutual understanding between the general public and governmental organizations, to encourage public involvement in decision-making, and to promote the formation of policy bodies that would not let public opinion be ignored.

Proceeding from the global task of integrating the activities of interested parties in lessening adverse waste pollution, public organizations have to cooperate with authorities and not stand against them. Cooperation and consensus between governmental and nongovernmental organizations in working out strategies and tactics in waste management should become a prerequisite in successful realization of state policy in this sphere in the Russian Federation.

An NRC committee was established to work with a Russian counterpart group in conducting a workshop in Moscow on the effectiveness of Russian environmental NGOs in environmental decision-making and prepared proceedings of this workshop, highlighting the successes and difficulties faced by NGOs in Russia and the United States.

Welcome to OpenBook!

You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

Show this book's table of contents , where you can jump to any chapter by name.

...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

Switch between the Original Pages , where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter .

Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

View our suggested citation for this chapter.

Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

Get Email Updates

Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free ? Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released.

Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...

Provide feedback.

We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly.

To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation .

  • Notifications

kinchev/Task-Management-System

Folders and files, repository files navigation, task management project.

##Project description This project implements a Tasks Management console application.

The application will be used by a small team of developers, who need to keep track of all the tasks, surrounding a software product they are building.

Programing language: Java

##Operations The application supports the following operations:

· Create a new person. · Show all people. · Show person's activity. · Create a new team. · Show all teams. · Show team's activity. · Add person to team. · Show all team members. · Create a new board in a team. · Show all team boards. · Show board's activity. · Create a new Bug/Story/Feedback in a board. · Change the Priority/Severity/Status of a bug. · Change the Priority/Size/Status of a story. · Change the Rating/Status of a feedback. · Assign/Unassign a task to a person. · Add comment to a task

##Listing operations:

List all tasks (display the most important info).

List tasks with assignee.

  • Java 100.0%

IMAGES

  1. Task management system java projects code

    task management java

  2. Simple Task Manager In Java With Source Code

    task management java

  3. Simple Employee Management System In Java With Source Code

    task management java

  4. Daily Task Manager System In Java Using JSP And Servlet With Source

    task management java

  5. Best Free Task Management Software to Help You Organize Work

    task management java

  6. Daily Task Manager System In Java Using JSP And Servlet With Source

    task management java

VIDEO

  1. Introduction to Java

  2. Task Management Java

  3. Task management software

  4. Java Programming Task :7🧑‍💻💻

  5. LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT |java program

  6. 4

COMMENTS

  1. task-management · GitHub Topics · GitHub

    task-management Star Here are 26 public repositories matching this topic... Language: Java Sort: Most stars uber / cadence-java-client Star 135 Code Issues Pull requests Java framework for Cadence Workflow Service

  2. GitHub

    TASKANA is a task management component open source library. It can be embedded into your application or be operated standalone if appropriate. Beside the basic task management functionalities, TASKANA adds workbaskets and classifications to control and monitor a large amount of Tasks within a larger organization. Web Site: http://taskana.pro/

  3. Efficient Task Management

    Efficient Task Management: Building a Java-Based Task Executor Service for Your Admin Panel Implementation of a simple yet effective Java-based task executor service, analysis...

  4. task-management-system · GitHub Topics · GitHub

    task-management-system Star Here are 6 public repositories matching this topic... Language: Java uber / cadence-java-client Star 135 Code Issues Pull requests Java framework for Cadence Workflow Service

  5. Task Management with Spring Boot

    Taskman is a platform for running tasks; including functionality for monitoring their status, progress, and results. There are two primary task abstractions: Task Tasks are essentially functions with metadata attached. They accept TaskArgs (arguments) and produce a TaskResult (a result).

  6. Eclipse Mylyn Open Source Project

    Mylyn is the task and application lifecycle management (ALM) framework for Eclipse. It provides: The revolutionary task-focused interface. Realigns the IDE around tasks so that you see only the code that's relevant. A task management tool for developers. Mylyn is a IDE tool for ALM. A broad ecosystem of Agile and ALM integrations.

  7. Distributed Tasks Execution and Scheduling in Java, Powered By ...

    A task should implement either java.util.concurrent.Callable or java.lang.Runnable interface. Here is an example using Callable interface: 20 1 public class CallableTask implements...

  8. Manage tasks and contexts

    Bugzilla GitHub Generic server Connect the IDE to your tracker In the Settings dialog Ctrl Alt 0S, select Tools | Tasks | Servers. Click and select the necessary issue tracker from the list. Enter connection details. Note that settings differ depending on your issue tracker.

  9. Virtual Assistants for Task Management using Java with ChatGPT API

    The user interface serves as the entry point for user interactions. It can be a simple chat-based interface or integrated into existing productivity applications, such as task management tools or calendar apps. For our example, we will create a simple chat-based UI using Java and the JavaFX library:

  10. Java Framework for managing Tasks

    Java Framework for managing Tasks Ask Question Asked 12 years, 11 months ago Modified 3 years, 11 months ago Viewed 7k times 16 my question is, whether there exists a framework in Java for managing and concurrently running Tasks that have logical dependencies.

  11. What is MoSCoW Prioritization?

    MoSCoW prioritization, also known as the MoSCoW method or MoSCoW analysis, is a popular prioritization technique for managing requirements. The acronym MoSCoW represents four categories of initiatives: must-have, should-have, could-have, and won't-have, or will not have right now. Some companies also use the "W" in MoSCoW to mean "wish.".

  12. Project/Task Management using Java, Spring Boot and Thymeleaf

    Project/Task Management using Java, Spring Boot, Thymeleaf, Mysql, Javascript and many more

  13. task-manager · GitHub Topics · GitHub

    Star 1 Code Issues Pull requests Telegram Bot designed to create and keep track of recurring and non-recurring personal tasks. Supports English (default) and Russian languages based on user's location. tracker bot telegram telegram-bot task-manager Updated on Dec 20, 2021 Java AhmedMaherElSaeidi / Ubuntu-Task-Manager Star 0 Code Issues

  14. How to Improve Task Management: Roles, Skills, Tips, and Tools

    Task management apps help teams collaborate on a task or project by providing a real-time platform that can be changed and amended. Apps are a convenient way to manage a task or project. Some popular task management app options in 2024 included the following: HiTask can be a useful task management app for smaller teams. This intuitive app ...

  15. javafx ui

    JavaFX Modern UILearn how to design a modern JavaFX UI design from scratch using Netbeans and Scene Builder.A sample application with examples like- Pulling ...

  16. Simple Task Manager In Java With Source Code

    DOWNLOAD SIMPLE TASK MANAGER IN JAVA WITH SOURCE CODE FOR FREE: CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW Download Project Got stuck or need help customizing the task application as per your need, go to our Java tutorial or just comment down below and we will do our best to answer your question ASAP.

  17. Java: Reference List of Time Zones and GMT/UTC Offset

    Java Check Leap Year - Programs with Code Examples [fix] Java JDBC ConnectException: Connection refused; How to add hours and minutes to Java Instant; Java Program: Random Number Generator; Java: The value of the local variable string is not used; How to get list of all Java versions installed on macOS

  18. rengreen/task-manager: Spring Boot application for task management

    Task manager Application for managing tasks for a team or a small company Features: Most features require logging in Not authorized users have access to the welcome screen and login or registration panel Admin (manager) can: Create task and assign task to any user View list of all users with possibility to delete user

  19. Code messia on Instagram: "Todays task: Frontend for a logistics

    4 likes, 0 comments - code_messia on February 15, 2024: "Todays task: Frontend for a logistics operation management system. Daily coding challenge is p..." Code messia on Instagram: "Todays task: Frontend for a logistics operation management system.

  20. 14 Problems of Waste Management in the Moscow Region

    One of the pressing tasks for greater public activity is wide popularization of environmental knowledge on waste management, especially among the young generation. There is a very important role for public organizations to play in this domain when enlightenment and education are becoming a primary concern of nongovernmental organizations.

  21. GitHub

    The Task Management System is a web application designed to help users efficiently manage their tasks and projects. This project consists of an Angular frontend and a Java Spring Boot backend, utilizing a MySQL database for data storage. Prerequisites

  22. Moscow City Towers

    Moscow City Towers, Moscow, Russia. 15 likes · 551 were here. Real Estate

  23. GitHub

    ##Project description This project implements a Tasks Management console application. The application will be used by a small team of developers, who need to keep track of all the tasks, surrounding a software product they are building. Programing language: Java ##Operations The application supports the following operations: · Create a new person.