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How to Easily Remap Your Keyboard Keys in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

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Have broken keys on your keyboard, or want to remap a key for other use in Ubuntu? Here’s how to do the trick step by step in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.

Method 1: Remap Ctrl, Alt, Caps Lock etc via Gnome Tweaks

For some commonly used keys (e.g., Ctrl , Alt , Caps Lock ), the popular Gnome Tweaks configuration tool has the ability to remap the keys via few clicks.

With it, you may remap:

  • Alt to Windows (or Right Windows) key
  • swap Left Alt with Left Windows.
  • Ctrl to Alt
  • Ctrl to Windows (or Right Windows) key.
  • swap Esc and Caps Lock.
  • Windows to PrintScreen.
  • swap Ctrl with Caps Lock.
  • And more ….

Firstly, search for and install Gnome Tweaks from Ubuntu Software if you don’t have it:

remap keys ubuntu

Next, search for and open Gnome Tweaks from the 9 grids ‘Show Applications’ screen.

remap keys ubuntu

Finally, go to Keyboard & Mouse settings from left pane and click on ‘Additional Layout Settings’ in the right.

remap keys ubuntu

After that, you’ll see the pop-up dialog for remapping these keyboard keys!!

remap keys ubuntu

Method 2: Remap Any Key via Input-Remapper tool:

Ubuntu 22.04 has an input-remapper package in its system repository. You may use the tool to remap any keyboard, mouse, or gamepad keys.

1. Firstly, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open terminal and run command to install the tool:

2. If the previous command run successfully, you may now search for and open the tool from overview screent:

remap keys ubuntu

3. When the app opens, choose your keyboard from the device list. Then, create or just use the current ‘Preset’.

remap keys ubuntu

To map a key, click ‘ new entry ‘ -> ‘ Change Key ‘ and then press a key on keyboard. It will create a new entry with the key you just pressed as its name. Select it and input the key you want to remap it to.

After all, click on ‘ Apply ‘ will make the changes work immediately. Or, Turn on ‘ Autoload ‘ make the remaps work automatically on login.

UPDATE: Input-remapper package in Ubuntu repository is always old. For the latest version, download & install the .deb package from GitHub release page .

However, it’s recommended to remove the old stock version by running sudo apt remove --autoremove input-remapper-daemon command in terminal before installing the new .deb package.

And the UI has changed a lot, see the v2.0 screenshots & see HERE for output key examples.

input-remapper-preset

That’s all. Enjoy!

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Remap Keys in Linux

I'd like to switch my Ctrl and Alt keys under Linux (to make it more Mac-like). How do I do this?

If it helps, I'm running Ubuntu 9.04.

  • keyboard-layout

pevik's user avatar

5 Answers 5

First off, try looking in Preferences > Keyboard > Layouts > Layout Options under the Alt/Win key behavior if there is a suitable option there for you.

If that doesn't do it for you, these xmodmap commands would switch left Ctrl with left Alt (at least with my keyboard).

To get your keycode, you can run the program xev in a terminal window and press first Ctrl and note the keycode, then Alt to get the keycode.

Cristian Ciupitu's user avatar

  • 9 What is that "ISO_Prev_Group ISO_Prev_Group NoSymbol ISO_Prev_Group" part? –  Samuel Lampa Jul 24, 2013 at 19:34

xmodmap - utility for modifying keymaps and pointer button mappings in X

showkey - examine the codes sent by the keyboard

setkeycodes - load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries

mas's user avatar

  • 3 Running showkey produces the error, "Couldnt get a file descriptor referring to the console." Looks like this has happened to a few others on the net...hope it's just my system and not (K)ubuntu's setup. –  Nikhil Jul 15, 2009 at 15:16
  • 2 @Nikhil Chelliah - showkey and setkeycodes are system level so you'd need to sudo them. –  mas Jul 15, 2009 at 15:56
  • 1 Note that the keycodes showkey reports are offset by 8 w.r.t what xmodmap expects (see unix.stackexchange.com/questions/120589/… ). People might want to use xev instead, which is consistent with xmodmap –  Alex Dec 8, 2022 at 10:41

Do the following steps:

Create a new file. Let's call it remap.txt.

Add the following text to the file:

The above is like a script for xmodmap. It will change the current key bindings.

Run the following commands to run the script:

(optional) To load the same settings after reboot run:

Francisco  Tapia's user avatar

I am using Ubuntu 20.03.2 LTS, and for some reason simply re-attributing a given Keysym (Control_L or Alt_L) to a given KeyCode (37 and 64) using xmodmap (as described above as well as here ) doesn't work out of the box anymore.

Now you need to first remove the Keysyms from their respective "modifiers", before swapping the Keysym-KeyCode mapping, before adding them back to ensure that they are taken into account across applications (I found the trick thanks to this forum ):

1 - Find out which keys belong to which modifiers

2 - Remove keys from their respective modifiers

3 - Find out the Keysym-KeyCode mapping on your machine

4 - Swap the Keysym-KeyCode mapping

5 - Check with xev that the remapping is correct

6 - Add keys back to their respective modifiers

And that't it!

7 - Of course, these changes are not permanent - now that you know that they work, create “swap.desktop” file and put it into ~/.config/autostart with following contents in it:

8 - Now make it executable

And here you go!

Maxime Beau's user avatar

A newer (albeit beta at time of writing) option is using a tool like kbct: https://github.com/samvel1024/kbct .

This allows for having a yaml-style configuration and is intended to be more agnostic to whether one is using Wayland or X11. Found this after looking through previous answers and realizing they may not work under Wayland.

Another popular (and likely more stable) one is kmonad: https://github.com/kmonad/kmonad

Vivek Gani's user avatar

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How to Remap Keyboard / Gamepad in Ubuntu Easily with This Tool

remap keys ubuntu

Want to remap your keyboard or gamepad keys in Ubuntu Linux? It’s easy to do this via Input Remapper .

Input Remapper is a free and open-source tool written in Python 3. With it, you can change the mapping for input devices, including mouse , keyboard , and gamepad .

It works on both X11 and Wayland, and supports for mapping to combined buttons (e.g., Control+A) and programmable macros.

remap keys ubuntu

The software has an easy to use interface. Simply start the app, choose the device (e.g., keyboard) to you want to remap, then click add new preset and do:

  • Click ‘Add’ button in left to add an item.
  • Click the pencil icon and type a name.
  • Use “Record” button to record the original keyboard key or key combination.
  • Choose device to map the input key to.
  • Finally, type the output key, e.g., letter (a, b, …, z), number (1, 2, …, 9), and/or function keys (Alt_L Control_L Control_R Shift_L Shift_R)

Presets are saved in user’s .config/input-remapper-2/presets folder. You can use them in another machine that can read these “ .json ” files.

How to Install Input Remapper in Ubuntu:

The software offers official .deb package for Ubuntu / Debian based systems.

Grab the deb package, then open terminal and run command to install it:

It should work on all current Ubuntu releases since it requires only a few python modules.

remap keys ubuntu

Once installed, open it from system app launcher and enjoy!

remap keys ubuntu

( Optional ) For choice, there’s command to remove the tool from Ubuntu:

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6 responses to How to Remap Keyboard / Gamepad in Ubuntu Easily with This Tool

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After having tried multiple tutorials for modifying X11 config files manually without success, key-mapper just works perfectly.

Thanks so much, Ji m!

' src=

As above – looking, tried, without any results. Thanks to you article I found it. Thank you so much!

' src=

The only way that worked on Ubuntu 22.04! Thank you! :)

' src=

After so many tries, this works perfectly with my mouse side-buttons. Thank u!

' src=

I installed it, but typing “key-mapper” gives “command not found.” Can’t find it anywhere …

' src=

My window manager has this listed as “input-remapper” under ‘All Applications’ and ‘Settings’. From a terminal it’s called ”input-remapper-gtk”

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remap keys ubuntu

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Bo

Posted on Aug 18, 2020

Remap keys in the keyboard in Ubuntu

We could use xmodmap to remap keys in ubuntu.

First, generate the current keycode map:

Then open the .Xmodmap file, find the key you want to remap. In my case, the PageUp key is too close to the left arrow key and the PageDown key is too close to the right arrow key. Many times when I want to press the left arrow key, I pressed the PageUp key by accident. And I barely use the PageUp and PageDown key, so I want to remap the PageUp to LeftArrow and PageDown to RightArrow.

Once you open the .Xmodmap file, you will see a list of keycode and their functions, for example:

And it is easy to find the keycode for the LeftArrow and RightArrow keys:

But I don't know the keycode for the PageUp and PageDown key, so I need to find that first.

To detect what the keycode is for specific key, use command:

Alt Text

So we can find that in the .Xmodmap file:

Now to remap those keys, we just need to change them to the Left and Right arrow:

Now save the file, and activate the key map:

Now if you press the "PageUp" key, it will work like the LeftArrow key.

But this change will only work in this login session. After you reboot the system, the keyboard will be reset to the default keys. To make it work on every reboot, we need to set an command to the "Startup Application":

Alt Text

Click Add, set name to "Remap Keys", and the command to:

Make sure you replace the user above to your username. Then reboot your system, the remap should work on next boot.

  • https://medium.com/@saplos123456/persistent-keyboard-mapping-on-ubuntu-using-xmodmap-cd01ad828fcd
  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/49650/how-to-get-keycodes-for-xmodmap

Top comments (14)

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blackbeerben profile image

  • Joined Jan 30, 2022

$ xkbcomp /home/user/.xkbmap ":0" Error: Cannot open display ":0" Exiting

Gave up on terminal. Unsure what the command ":0" is supposed to do. I read this article- linuxuprising.com/2020/12/remap-ke... Then I installed input-mapper- github.com/sezanzeb/input-remapper

Got this funky UK keyboard on a Starbook laptop with a narrow left hand shift key where there is an extra ">" less than key which I changed to be an additional left shift key. Now I can type at a normal speed again.

Running- Pop!_OS 21.10 x86_64 on a Starbook-mk-v

Thanks for the efforts. Couldn't get it to work for me.

abidkhairyak profile image

  • Location Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Pop OS use display ":1"

Thanks for this

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  • Location Decatur, Ill, U.S. of A.
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Nice, you can also use the xdotool/AutoKey combo which I've been using for many years and have been planning a tutorial for it. Actually it'll be for window management as well with wmctrl. I'll also be doing one on AutoHotkey in Windows.

henriquepgomide profile image

  • Joined Dec 22, 2018

Just loved your tutorial!

xaander1 profile image

  • Work Software Engeneer
  • Joined Jul 7, 2020

Saved my day. Had keys that had stopped working.

mulleresposito profile image

  • Joined May 16, 2021

Hello, I can get to remap colon and semicolon keys to same key?

velcrine profile image

  • Joined Jun 23, 2021

yes you can

When I done the steps from that tutorial my Ubuntu didn't booting. I had to change the modifications that I made via the safe mode boot.

Well i do it this way: Assigned hyphen, to another key. Only this. Now, normal key press prints hyphen + when I shift press that key, I get underscore too. Right now _ - I just typed using those keys. Better to try and test, before making them permanent.

thucdev profile image

  • Joined Dec 27, 2021

Can I change Ctrl + C to Alt? And how can I do that? Thanks.

sefatanam profile image

million dollar's article, man !

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  • Joined Dec 12, 2021

I'm having trouble setting it as a startup aplication. I am able to succesfully edit .Xmodmap but I cant make xkbcomp /home/user/.xkbmap ":0" work.

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  • Joined Oct 12, 2021

I just have only one thing to say: Thank you so much!

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Linux Uprising blog

Remap keyboard and mouse buttons on linux with the new input remapper gui (supports x11 and wayland).

Key Mapper Linux GUI

Input Remapper   (previously Key Mapper) is a new GUI tool to remap your keyboard and mouse buttons on Linux desktops (it supports both X11 and Wayland).

The application supports per-device presets , and it allows using timed macros with the ability to repeat keys, wait between keys, hold a modifier while using a key, and more . Besides keyboards and mice, Input Remapper also comes with basic support for gamepads.

Other features include support for stopping any mappings and using system defaults for a device (using the Apply Defaults button), and support for  automatically loading presets on login for plugged in devices . Also, Input Remapper  uses evdev to read keycodes and display them inside the application , so the user doesn't have to do this manually.

The application does not support binding commands or scripts to keyboard or mouse buttons. For that, see this article from Linux Uprising.

For future releases, the developer plans to add support for mapping  D-Pad and Joystick directions as buttons, automatically loading presets when a device is plugged in after login, and mapping a combined button press to a key.

[[Edit]] Input Remapper has been updated with support for mapping joysticks like D-Pads, support for mapping the mouse wheel, key combinations, and loading presets automatically when devices are connected, even after login.

How to remap keyboard and mouse buttons on Linux using Input Remapper  (ex Key Mapper)

Using Input Remapper you can assign the action associated with a keyboard or mouse button (or multiple buttons) to a different button. You may also use it to assign a macro (a sequence of button presses / actions) to a key.

The first time you run Input Remapper, you'll want to select the device (mouse or keyboard) from the device dropdown. Choose a device, and you can start creating a new preset to easily remap your keyboard or mouse buttons. 

Left-click in the Key column, then press the keyboard key or mouse button you want to remap, and it will show up in the key box. In case this doesn't work, you may need to click the Apply Defaults button that's displayed to the right-hand side of the device dropdown, and add the key after that.

After you enter the key (or keys) you want to remap, it's time to decide its mapping. Click inside the Mapping cell corresponding to the key you want to remap, then start typing what you want to remap the button to. You can type the first few letters instead of the whole word, e.g. you can type "con" and a dropdown should show the available options, like control_l , control_r , etc:

Key Mapper mapping dropdown

Once you've completed the mappings, click the Save button. And finally, click Apply to start using the new mappings. You must first Save the new mappings, then click the Apply button, or else the changes won't have any effect!

You might like: How To Record And Play Mouse And Keyboard Events Using Atbswp Macro Recorder (GUI)

It's worth noting that using key combinations as mappings isn't as straightforward as you may think, at least not using the latest release (because as I already mentioned, mapping a combined button press to a key is on the todo list). For example if you want to use Ctrl + F1 as the mapping for a key, adding control_l+f1 to the Input Remapper  Mapping column won't work. Instead, you'll need to use this macro as the mapping: m(control_l, k(f1)) .

For how to use macros, check out the Input Remapper  macro documentation , which also includes a few examples.

Download Input Remapper (previouslt Key Mapper)

Input Remapper can be installed easily on Debian / Ubuntu and Linux distributions based on these (like Linux Mint, Pop!_OS, Zorin OS, Elementary OS, etc.) by using the DEB package that can be downloaded from the application releases page .

Arch Linux and Manjaro users can install Input Remapper by using an AUR package .

You may also install Input Remapper using PIP as explained here , which works on any Linux distribution (I don't recommend using PIP with sudo though; also, on some Linux distributions you'll need to use pip3 instead of pip , since this needs Python 3).

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How to Assign/Remap Keyboard Shortcuts for Better Productivity in Linux

Odysseas Kourafalos

By default, Ubuntu comes with a set of keyboard shortcuts that you can use straight away. However, you may not like the default mappings of some of these keyboard shortcuts. They might be assigned to shortcuts you’re used to using for something else, disrupting your productivity. For example, if you have a keyboard with a media button, that button is automatically mapped to Rhythmbox. If your favorite media player is VLC, you may want to change the keyboard shortcut to your favorite application.

There are several ways to manage your keyboard shortcuts in Linux. You can do it via Xmodmap (and Xkeycaps) or through your desktop environment’s keyboard/shortcut settings. This article will focus mainly on how to change the shortcuts or assign new ones on two of the most popular desktop environments, Gnome and KDE.

To assign new shortcuts to Gnome on Ubuntu and remap the existing ones, press the Super key on your keyboard or click on Gnome’s Applications button to visit the main software menu. Start typing either keyboard or shortcuts and select the entry Keyboard Shortcuts when it shows up.

Remap Keys Gnome Locate Shortcuts

From here, you can scroll down the list to find the particular keyboard shortcut you want to change.

Remap Keys Gnome Choose Shortcut

Click on the existing shortcut and, when prompted, press the new key combination you want to change it to. For example, the default shortcut to show the run command prompt is Alt + F2 . If you want to change it, click on it, and hit the new combo of your hoice, such as Alt + F12 .

Remap Keys Gnome Remap Shortcut

You can also create your own keyboard shortcut and assign it to run an application, a command, or a script. Click the button with the plus symbol at the very end of the list.

Remap Keys Gnome Add New

The process is pretty straightforward: enter the name for your new shortcut and the command that will run with it in the Name and Command fields. Finally, click on the “Set Shortcut … ” button and, when prompted, press your desired key combination. Immediately, the window will update to include the combo you pressed.

Remap Keys Gnome New Shortcut Ready

If you decide you don’t want a shortcut you’ve added, click on it to select it, then click on the red Remove button on the top-left corner of the window that will pop up.

Remap Keys Gnome Remove Shortcut

Note that you can only remove shortcuts you’ve added and not the existing ones. You can only un-assign the existing ones so that their function stops being accessible through a button combination. To do that, click on an existing shortcut. Instead of pressing a new key combo when prompted, press Backspace on your keyboard. You’ll be returned to the previous screen, but now the key combination for the shortcut will have disappeared.

To do the same thing in a modern version of KDE’s plasma desktop, hit the Super key on your keyboard or click on its main menu button and choose “System Settings.”

Remap Keys Kde System Settings

When there, choose the Shortcuts entry in the workspace category on the left of the window.

Remap Keys Kde System Settings Shortcuts

KDE is more complicated but also offers much more control since it splits its shortcuts into different groups.

In Global Shortcuts, you will find keyboard combinations added to the system by both KDE and any installed applications. To change a shortcut that already exists, click on it and choose Custom instead of Default. Then, click on the button on the right of Custom and press your desired key combination when asked.

Remap Keys Kde Change Shortcut

In Standard Shortcuts you will meet keyboard combinations that are generally considered standard, no matter the desktop environment or even operating system.

Remap Keys Kde Standard Shortcuts

Web shortcuts are different in that they are not mapped to keyboard combinations but keywords. Those aren’t available everywhere and are accessible either through Krunner or in Konqueror’s address bar. For example, since DuckDuckGo’s search is mapped to the dd shortcut, if you’d like to search for Make Tech Easier, you can press Alt + F2 , type dd:make tech easier , and hit Enter. Soon after, Konqueror will show up with your query open on DuckDuckGo’s page.

Remap Keys Kde Web Shortcuts

Custom Shortcuts contains even more specialized shortcuts and is also the place where you can add your own to the mix. Right-click on an empty spot, and a pop-up menu will allow you to create new global shortcuts, window actions, or mouse gesture actions. A sub-menu also enables you to choose if the result will be a Command/URL, D-Bus Command, or Send Keyboard Input.

Remap Keys Kde New Shortcut Pop Up

After you create a new entry, you can enter a short description of what that shortcut is supposed to do in the Comment tab, define the shortcut (or gesture) itself in the Trigger tab, and, finally, enter the command (or URL) in the Action tab.

Remap Keys Kde Shortcut Action

If you don’t click on Apply on the bottom right to enable your tweaks, KDE will make sure to bug you about it to ensure you don’t lose any changes you made.

That’s it. What other ways do you use to assign/remap keyboard shortcuts in your distro? Tell us in the comments section below.

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Odysseas Kourafalos

OK's real life started at around 10, when he got his first computer - a Commodore 128. Since then, he's been melting keycaps by typing 24/7, trying to spread The Word Of Tech to anyone interested enough to listen. Or, rather, read.

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Updated: February 24, 2021

Modern problems require modern solutions. I've recently got meself a new Linux test laptop, one IdeaPad 3 , which I bought (unfortunately, due to market shortages) with the UK keyboard layout instead of the US layout. This means suboptimal physical key placement - even if you do use a different keyboard variant. Namely, the bar and backspace keys and such are placed all wrong, plus the Enter key is too small.

Moreover, this also means, muscle memory and all, you end up typing \ when you actually want to jump to a new line, and this can be quite annoying. So I thought, perhaps I can remap keyboard keys in a small way? But I didn't want to just remap the backspace key (bearing the UK tilde and hash symbols) to a "second" Enter, thus effectively making a larger Enter key, I still wanted to have the bar and backspace keys available. Hence a more complex exercise. Let me show you how you can this somewhat convoluted but super-nice setup.

Task at hand

So, let me clearly explain what I have in mind:

  • The physical UK-mapped IdeaPad 3 keyboard has the hash/tilde key near the Enter. It has the bar/backslash near the the Left Shift (making it effectively smaller).
  • When you use the US layout on this keyboard, you end up with: bar/backslash mapped to hash/tilde near the Enter key, and the key with the bar/backspace symbol mapped to left and right brackets (< and >). But those are already fulfilled by the Shift function on the period and comma keys on the US layout, so there's a surplus of keys - either brackets or bar/backspace combo.

Therefore, I want to do the following:

  • Remap the key with the physical symbol label of hash/tilde - used as bar/backslash - to a SECOND Enter. This will make the Enter key effectively bigger, and I wanted that big reverse L shaped Enter like you'd normally get on a US keyboard.
  • Remap the separate key with the bar/backslash symbol near the the Left Shift - used as left and right arrow in the US layout - to bar/backslash, because I'm losing those by the remap in the first bullet point.

Notice the "broken" Left Shift and Enter. Just because of inefficient physical layout.

My task requires two remaps: first the Enter, then the bar/backslash. Now, it is important to actually make the remaps this way, otherwise, if we remap bar/backslash first, then the key next to Enter won't have any mapping at all. Makes sense?

Tools of the trade: xev and xmodmap

We need two utilities that are part of the X bundle - I have no idea if and how one would do this on Wayland, but then I don't use Wayland in general, because it does not have functional parity with X, plus Xorg is the default session on most of the distros I actually use, like say Ubuntu or Kubuntu.

We will remap with xmodmap, but we need to "capture" the actual key symbols so we can do the remapping. To this end, run xev from a terminal window. The tool will open a little window in the corner of your screen, and it will start capturing inputs. If you press a key on the keyboard, you will see the following output in the terminal window - just an example:

KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x5a00001, root 0x6a9, subw 0x0, time 2784437, (1131,438), root:(1131,475), state 0x0, keycode 94 (keysym 0x3c, less), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (3c) "<" XFilterEvent returns: False

Do this to grab the keysym for the bar/backspace and the arrow keys. Don't forget to grab the "second" key mapped (with Shift), so you can map both and not just one. Otherwise, we will have either only the bar or the backslash keys, but not both available.

Before we do that, let me show you how you actually remap keys. With xev running, press once the key you want to replace and the key with which you want to replace it. Then run xmodmap like this:

xmodmap -e "keysym HEX = NAME"

You will remap a key with the HEX value to do what the key with the NAME value should do. For example:

xmodmap -e "keysym 0x5c = Return"

This command maps the key symbol 0x5c (which corresponds to bar/backslash) to be Enter. So once this command completes, in my case, the physical UK key marked with the hash/tilde symbol, mapped to the bar/backspace function in the US layout, will now act as a second Enter key. Great.

But now, we also need to map the bar/backspace function.

Indeed, to map both the standard and second (Shift) functionality for a key, we will need a modifier. You can check what existing modifiers exist with:

xmodmap -pm xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses): shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e) lock        Caps_Lock (0x42) control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_R (0x69) mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Meta_L (0xcd) mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d) mod3      mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf) mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

Now to remap a key with TWO functions, the syntax is as follows:

xmodmap -e "keysym HEX MOD = NAME1 NAME2"

In our example:

xmodmap -e "keysym 0x3c Shift_L = backslash bar"

We remap a key that corresponds to 0x3c - this is the key marked with bar/backspace in the physical UK keyboard, mapped to left and right arrow in the US keyboard - to actually function as bar/backspace. The modifier is the Left Shift key. So if you press the key on its own, you get backslash, if you use it with Left Shift, you get the bar (pipe) symbol. And we now have the layout we want.

Once again, remember that we aren't losing the arrow keys because they are already mapped to comma and period keys near the Right Shift key. Effectively the combo of physical UK and virtual US keyboard resulted in two pairs of arrows keys, so we're getting rid of one, and gaining an extra Enter.

Autostart script

Don't worry if you make a mistake. Reboot your system, and you'll go back to normal. Therefore, to make the custom remaps permanent, we will need to create an autostart script, which runs on every user login, and makes the changes we need.

There are many ways you can do this. I will show you how to create an autostart script for the Plasma desktop, although the principles are the same for pretty much every desktop out there. This is very similar to what I did with the Show desktop button in Gnome.

Open a Konsole window, go to ~/.config/autostart-scripts. Here, create a text file with the following content:

[Desktop Entry] Name=Key swap Exec=key-swap.sh Terminal=false Type=Application

You can use any name you want, and you can name the file however you like, but make sure it has a desktop suffix. In my example, I saved this as key-swap.desktop. Make this file executable:

chmod +x ~/.config/autostart-scripts/key-swap.desktop

Now, the Exec line in the desktop file references a script, which does not exist just yet. Normally, if you look at Exec lines for other desktop scripts (you can check Firefox or Chrome or whatever), you will notice a single command written. Since we need two xmodmap commands, the easiest solution is to put those inside a separate shell script, and then use the script as the Exec command.

In the autostart-scripts directory, create a file named key-swap.sh - also make it executable.

#!/bin/bash xmodmap -e "keysym 0x5c = Return" xmodmap -e "keysym 0x3c Shift_L = backslash bar" exit 0

This is my example. You may have entirely different needs, and you might need only one xmodmap, or perhaps seven. Just for reference and completeness' sake, if you were to do a single xmodmap change, you could skip the shell script and just put it in the desktop file.

[Desktop Entry] Name=Key swap single key Exec=xmodmap -e "keysym 0x5c = Return" Terminal=false Type=Application

Through the Plasma Settings utility, you can indeed verify all is good:

If you ever change your mind, you can disable or remove the scripts, use different keyboard mappings, and on next reboot, things will go back to the default state or the new custom state you desire. This way you have the necessary flexibility. While things are permanent so to speak, you can always change them.

There you go. This is my little tutorial that shows how I improved the default ergonomics of my Lenovo IdeaPad keyboard, making better use of its physical layout, and changing the key mappings to custom values. What makes the guide even more interesting is the fact I was using a US layout, so there's another little twist, but this will definitely be useful if you use other languages, too. Remember, the physical markings on the keys and actual function don't have anything in common. It's just a visual reference to make it easier for people to find the right symbols.

Hopefully, this was practical. I've noticed instant improvement in my typing speed, plus I'm making far fewer Enter backspace mistakes. My hands can continue working fast, without having to retrain themselves for yet another physical layout, which is so drastically different from most other laptops and/or keyboards I have. With xev and xmodmap, you should have some jolly good fun. If you have any similar, or perhaps arcane requests, do ping me, and I'll see what I can do. Happy typing.

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Remap key on ubuntu

Remap CAPS_LOCK key to CTRL

then find the line that starts with XKBOPTIONS, and add ctrl:nocaps to make Caps Lock an additional Control key or ctrl:swapcaps to swap Caps Lock and Control.

For example, mine looks like

The reason this way is better is that it will take effect on the virtual consoles (e.g. Ctrl+Alt+F1) as well as in the graphical desktop.

  • http://askubuntu.com/questions/149971/how-do-you-remap-a-key-to-the-caps-lock-key-in-xubuntu

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How To Remap Super (Left) Key to Control Key in Ubuntu

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In this article, we will delve into the process of remapping the Super (Left) key to act as the Control key in Ubuntu. This can be beneficial for those who are more accustomed to the Control key’s placement on other operating systems, or for those who simply prefer a different key layout.

Yes, it is possible to remap the Super (Left) key to act as the Control key in Ubuntu. There are multiple methods to achieve this, including using the xmodmap command in the terminal, creating a .Xmodmap file, using Gnome Tweaks, or editing the /etc/default/keyboard file. Choose the method that suits your preferences and follow the steps outlined in the post to remap the keys.

What is Key Remapping?

Key remapping is the process of changing the function of a specific key on your keyboard. This can be useful for customizing your keyboard layout to better suit your needs or preferences.

Understanding Key Codes and Modifiers

Before we begin, it’s important to understand key codes and modifiers. A key code is a specific code that corresponds to a key on your keyboard, while a modifier is a key that modifies the function of another key when pressed together.

In Ubuntu, the Super key is often set as a modifier key, labeled as mod4 . The Control key, on the other hand, is labeled as control .

Method 1: Using xmodmap Command in Terminal

The xmodmap utility is a command-line tool that allows you to modify keymaps in X windows.

  • Open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T .
  • Run the following command: xmodmap -e "remove mod4 = Super_L" This command removes the Super_L (Left Super key) from the mod4 modifier.
  • Next, run: xmodmap -e "add control = Super_L" This command adds the Super_L key to the control modifier, effectively making it function as a Control key.

Method 2: Creating a .Xmodmap file

Another way to remap keys is by creating a .Xmodmap file in your home directory.

  • Open a text editor and create a new file named .Xmodmap .
  • Add the following lines to the file: remove mod4 = Super_L add control = Super_L These lines do the same thing as the xmodmap commands we used earlier.
  • Save the file.

To activate the changes on startup, add the following line to your .bashrc file: xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap . The .bashrc file is a script that runs every time you open a new terminal session.

Method 3: Using Gnome Tweaks (GUI)

For those who prefer a graphical interface, Gnome Tweaks is a great tool that allows you to customize many aspects of your Ubuntu experience, including key remapping.

  • Install Gnome Tweaks by running sudo apt install gnome-tweaks in the terminal.
  • Open Gnome Tweaks and go to the “Keyboard & Mouse” section.
  • Click on “Additional Layout Options”.
  • Expand the “Ctrl position” section.
  • Select “Swap Left Win with Left Ctrl”.

Method 4: Editing the /etc/default/keyboard file

This method involves editing the /etc/default/keyboard file, which contains default keyboard settings.

  • Open the /etc/default/keyboard file in a text editor with root permissions, for example by running sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard in the terminal.
  • Look for the line that starts with XKBOPTIONS= .
  • Add altwin:ctrl_win to the options, like this: XKBOPTIONS="altwin:ctrl_win" .
  • Save the file and restart your system for the changes to take effect.

Remapping keys in Ubuntu can help you create a more comfortable and efficient keyboard layout. Whether you prefer using the terminal, editing files, or using a GUI, there’s a method that will suit your needs. Remember to always back up your original settings before making any changes, and happy customizing!

In Ubuntu, the Super key refers to the key with the Windows logo or the Ubuntu logo on it. It is often used as a modifier key to perform various actions or open the application launcher.

Remapping the Super key to the Control key can be useful for users who are more accustomed to the Control key’s placement on other operating systems or for those who prefer a different key layout. It allows you to perform common keyboard shortcuts without having to adjust your muscle memory.

Yes, you can remap most keys on your keyboard using different methods. However, some keys may have specific functions that cannot be easily remapped or may require additional steps.

Yes, remapping the Super key to the Control key will change the behavior of any keyboard shortcuts that involve the Super key. For example, if you have a shortcut that uses Super + D to show the desktop, it will now require using Control + D instead.

Yes, you can undo the remapping by reverting the changes made in the methods described in this article. Simply follow the steps in reverse or remove the lines added to the configuration files.

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How to remap Super (left) key to Control key

Could anyone please tell me how to remap my Super (left) key to Ctrl key?

I mean Super (left) should work as Ctrl key.

  • keyboard-layout

Artur Meinild's user avatar

  • Do you want only the left Super key to act as Ctrl? It's easy to remap both at once from the Keyboard Layout settings, but changing only one would have to be done through config files. –  pconley May 15, 2012 at 5:24
  • 1 Yes, I want only left Super key to act as Ctrl.. –  Sandy May 15, 2012 at 8:08
  • Does the super key refer to the key on my keyboard that has an MS Windows logo on it an lies between Left ctrl and left alt / right alt gr and a key with another weird logo? –  René Nyffenegger Mar 13, 2016 at 7:38
  • 1 @RenéNyffenegger The Super key is the Windows key on PC keyboards and Command key on Apple keyboards. I'm no entirly sure what the other key you describe is –  nhed Sep 6, 2016 at 2:46

7 Answers 7

To make major changes to your keyboard, including remapping characters and changing modifiers, you need to use the xmodmap utility - see man xmodmap . There are a couple ways to execute the changes:

either from the command line

or write the commands to a file like .xmodmaprc , then execute it in your login items or your .bashrc with

If you name the file ~/.xmodmap it will be executed automatically on login.

Now the commands

What you want to do is a two-step process. First you unmap Super from its modifier, then you map it to control.

Run xmodmap -pm in a terminal window to get a list of the bound modifiers. On my machine (and presumably yours) Super is referred to as mod4 . Super_L and Super_R are separate keys which output the same modifier.

Now you can unmap the modifier from it. Run the xmodmap command (using one of the methods above)

Now the physical key is still referred to internally as Super_L, but it doesn't do anything.

Now just remap it. Run the xmodmap command:

If you want to undo this later on, just run the same commands with the appropriate arguments.

No Super_R?

The output of xmodmap -pm might given you several keys named Super_L but none named Super_R). If it did, you now have several extra keys assigned to Control, but none assigned to Super. You'll have to rename one key. (NB: it might give you several Super_L and at least one Super_R. This is fine.)

The key names in the table all have a hex number in parentheses next to them. This number is the physical keycode of the key on your keyboard (it can vary by model). If you need to change one Super_L to Super_R, first find the keycode you want to be associated to Super_R (aren't sure which is the correct one? Run xev then tap the right Super a couple times. Somewhere in the maze of output is "keycode = 133" (with a different number)). Run the xmodmap command

to rename the key, then

to assign it to Super.

pconley's user avatar

  • First of all thanks for spending time for me. When I typed "remove mod4 = Super_L" in terminal I got this message: remove mod4 = Super_L: command not found . Screenshot: i.imgur.com/fbvEA.png –  Sandy May 16, 2012 at 8:45
  • 1 That's a command for the xmodmap utility. You have to run it by one of the methods I gave in the first section. I've edited my answer to make that more clear. –  pconley May 16, 2012 at 14:59
  • Could you also please tell me how to run those commands at startup? –  Sandy May 17, 2012 at 17:46
  • 1 When you log in, or when the system boots? If the former, just put the commands in the file '.xmodmap' in your home directory; the latter would be more appropriate for a separate question along the lines of 'how do I execute a script on startup' (such questions have presumably been asked before). –  pconley May 18, 2012 at 6:43
  • 1 For me didn't work without keysum . keysym Super_L = Control_L –  Aliaksandr Sushkevich Feb 10, 2018 at 9:25

Command line:

Or put in ~/.Xmodmap to activate on startup:

Coc's user avatar

If you want to do with with a GUI:

  • Install/open Gnome Tweaks
  • Click Keyboard & Mouse
  • Click Additional Layout Options
  • Expand Ctrl position
  • Select Swap Left Win with Left Ctrl

Rich's user avatar

  • This will also make Left Ctrl behave as Win key. Alt/Win key behavior Ctrl is mapped to Win keys (and the usual Ctrl keys) will leave you without both left and right Win key. I haven't found the way to do it through GUI without interfering with other win/ctrl keys. –  BanAnanas May 15, 2020 at 13:12
  • +infinite, this is exactly what I needed, thanks! now i can seamlessly move from my OSX setup to my Ubuntu Desktop! –  ShahNewazKhan Aug 28, 2023 at 0:38

On Ubuntu, you can edit /etc/default/keyboard and set:

XKBOPTIONS="altwin:ctrl_win"

Ctrl is mapped to Win keys (and the usual Ctrl keys)

Read man 5 keyboard for more information. You can find all possible combinations of options on your system by doing:

Mitar's user avatar

Try with this:

Put the above lines in your ~/.Xmodmap and execute xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap .

rendon's user avatar

There is an app called Input Remapper that has a GUI where you can easily rebind almost any key

https://github.com/sezanzeb/input-remapper

KhalfaniW's user avatar

  • 1 mate! so much easier than xmodmap or keyd –  airtonix Mar 21, 2023 at 10:27

Simple and clear example of swapping Ctrl and Alt

Create a file at ~/.Xmodmap. The file content should be this:

Now, run this line in terminal:

Taken from Xah Lee: Linux, Swap Control Alt Keys

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remap keys ubuntu

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COMMENTS

  1. How to Easily Remap Your Keyboard Keys in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

    1. Firstly, press Ctrl+Alt+T on keyboard to open terminal and run command to install the tool: sudo apt update && sudo apt install input-remapper 2. If the previous command run successfully, you may now search for and open the tool from overview screent: 3. When the app opens, choose your keyboard from the device list.

  2. How can I remap keyboard keys?

    How do I remap certain keys or devices? (11 answers) Closed 6 years ago. I am looking for general instructions on remapping keys. Can someone tell me how to remap F9 to PrtScr and F10 to ScrollLock button? I have looked through every thread here and none of the suggestions worked. I am using a Swedish keyboard setup and Ubuntu 12.04.

  3. ubuntu

    14 First off, try looking in Preferences > Keyboard > Layouts > Layout Options under the Alt/Win key behavior if there is a suitable option there for you. If that doesn't do it for you, these xmodmap commands would switch left Ctrl with left Alt (at least with my keyboard).

  4. How to Remap Keyboard / Gamepad in Ubuntu Easily with This Tool

    Want to remap your keyboard or gamepad keys in Ubuntu Linux? It's easy to do this via Input Remapper. Input Remapper is a free and open-source tool written in Python 3. With it, you can change the mapping for input devices, including mouse, keyboard, and gamepad.

  5. Remapping Keys in Ubuntu: A How-To Guide

    Quick Answer Remapping keys in Ubuntu can be done using various tools such as xmodmap, xkb, AutoKey, hax11, and xkeyboard-config. These tools allow you to change the function of keys on your keyboard, making it more comfortable to use or suiting your specific needs. Table of Contents Understanding Key Remapping

  6. Remap keys in the keyboard in Ubuntu

    Remap keys in the keyboard in Ubuntu # linux # ubuntu We could use xmodmap to remap keys in ubuntu. First, generate the current keycode map: xmodmap -pke > .Xmodmap Then open the .Xmodmap file, find the key you want to remap. In my case, the PageUp key is too close to the left arrow key and the PageDown key is too close to the right arrow key.

  7. Remap Keyboard And Mouse Buttons On Linux With ...

    Click inside the Mapping cell corresponding to the key you want to remap, then start typing what you want to remap the button to. You can type the first few letters instead of the whole word, e.g. you can type "con" and a dropdown should show the available options, like control_l, control_r, etc:

  8. Remap Keys in Ubuntu 20.04

    Remap keys and persist through startup in Ubuntu 20.04 using xmodmaphttps://www.thequantizer.com/tutorials/remap-keys-startup-ubuntu/

  9. How to Assign/Remap Keyboard Shortcuts for Better Productivity in Linux

    To assign new shortcuts to Gnome on Ubuntu and remap the existing ones, press the Super key on your keyboard or click on Gnome's Applications button to visit the main software menu. Start typing either keyboard or shortcuts and select the entry Keyboard Shortcuts when it shows up. From here, you can scroll down the list to find the particular ...

  10. keyboard

    Remap a key permanently Ask Question Asked 3 years, 8 months ago Modified 10 months ago Viewed 2k times 5 I know this question has been ask and answer often but none of the solution found seems to work properly. I'd like to have both my super keys to work at the same time. I need to map R-Win (key code 134) to L-Win (keycode 133).

  11. Remapping Keyboard in Ubuntu 20.04: Is there a GUI?

    Quick Answer Yes, there are GUI options available for remapping the keyboard in Ubuntu 20.04. Two popular options are the Tweaks tool and the Key-mapper GUI. These tools provide a user-friendly way to customize your keyboard layout to suit your specific needs or preferences. Table of Contents What is Keyboard Remapping?

  12. Remap custom keyboard keys in Linux

    Now to remap a key with TWO functions, the syntax is as follows: xmodmap -e "keysym HEX MOD = NAME1 NAME2". In our example: xmodmap -e "keysym 0x3c Shift_L = backslash bar". We remap a key that corresponds to 0x3c - this is the key marked with bar/backspace in the physical UK keyboard, mapped to left and right arrow in the US keyboard - to ...

  13. command line

    1 For this I would use kmonad although it is probably overkill. It allows you to redefine every key differently on every connected keyboard. These keys can be traditional keyboard macros, or can act as new modifiers. This allows you to define new "layers" so you can type say Greek or maths.

  14. How do I remap the Caps Lock and Ctrl keys?

    136 I'd like to remap my keys such that Ctrl behaves as the Caps Lock key and vice-versa. Also, if possible I'd like the settings to be available only within the currently logged-in user. How can I achieve this? I'm a vim user, unlike the other people who use this machine, so I'd like those settings only for my account. keyboard vim Share

  15. How to remap your keys in ubuntu

    Remapping the keys means changing the input behavior of your keyboard and making it work as we want, not as it was intended . In this tutorial we will learn how to do that in Ubuntu using...

  16. Remap Key On Ubuntu · Memto

    Remap CAPS_LOCK key to CTRL $ sudo vi /etc/default/keyboard then find the line that starts with XKBOPTIONS, and add ctrl:nocaps to make Caps Lock an additional Control key or ctrl:swapcaps to swap Caps Lock and Control. For example, mine looks like XKBOPTIONS="lv3:ralt_alt,compose:menu,ctrl:nocaps" then run $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration The reason this way is better is that it ...

  17. How do I remap my Ubuntu keyboard shortcuts to match OSX?

    41 I'm using Ubuntu in VirtualBox on Mac. As I switch frequently, I would like to use the same shortcuts. Please, does anyone know how to have the same shortcuts on Ubuntu, as they are on Mac? Specifically, I would like to Copy, Paste, Select All, ... work with Cmd + C, Cmd + V, Cmd + A, ... (even in terminal - no Ctrl + Shift, just Ctrl ).

  18. How To Remap Super (Left) Key to Control Key in Ubuntu

    Remapping keys in Ubuntu can help you create a more comfortable and efficient keyboard layout. Whether you prefer using the terminal, editing files, or using a GUI, there's a method that will suit your needs. Remember to always back up your original settings before making any changes, and happy customizing!

  19. How to remap Super (left) key to Control key

    How to remap Super (left) key to Control key Ask Question Asked 11 years, 9 months ago Modified 1 year, 4 months ago Viewed 63k times 44 Could anyone please tell me how to remap my Super (left) key to Ctrl key? I mean Super (left) should work as Ctrl key. keyboard-layout Share Improve this question Follow edited Jan 12, 2022 at 7:21 Artur Meinild