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Disaster Management Project for Class 9 & 10 PDF Download_00.1

Disaster Management Project for Class 9 & 10, PDF Download

The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28 Nov 2005 and by the Rajya Sabha on 12 Dec 2005. On 1 June 2016, Narendra Modi, the PM of India, launched the Disaster management plan

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Table of Contents

Disaster management in India is one of the most crucial points of discussion because of India’s highly diversified Climate. Indian Subcontinent is frequently evident of natural catastrophes such as Cyclones, earthquakes, floods, and droughts. Disaster management is the process of planning for and responding to natural disasters. It entails carefully organising resources to mitigate the damage caused by calamities. It also entails a systematic strategy for handling catastrophe prevention, readiness, response, and recovery duties. n the article we will discuss Disaster Management Types, how to prepare Disaster Management Projects for Class 9 and 10 students along with Disaster Management Project ideas.

What is Disaster Management Class 9?

According to the United Nations, a disaster is a major disruption of a community or society’s ability to function that involves extensive affects on people, property, the economy, or the environment and beyond the capacity of the affected community or society to deal using its own resources.

Disaster management is the process by which we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of big failures”. It is how we cope with the human, material, economic, or environmental impacts of a given disaster. Disasters can have human causes, despite the fact that nature frequently causes them. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines a disaster as when a risk affects individuals who are already weak.

Disaster Management Cycle

Organizations and people use the disaster management cycle, which consists of a sequence of processes, to plan for, contain, and mitigate unforeseen disasters. These could include unforeseen property damage, natural disasters, or other occurrences that put other people’s lives in peril. After the initial crisis has passed, the disaster management cycle assists everyone in minimising the effects of unforeseen events and recovering as much resources as possible. A disaster management cycle aids persons affected by disasters by assisting in their reconstruction, regrouping, and recovery.

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Disaster Management: Types of Disaster

Disasters can take many different forms. Disasters, in whatever shape they take, disturb communities and can have major consequences for people, property, businesses, and the environment. They frequently test a community’s ability to cope. Human-caused disasters, such as industrial explosions or structural breakdowns, are the result of human error. Natural catastrophes are caused by physical occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. Complex disasters might include epidemics or armed conflicts. Disasters are categorised into the following types-

  • Floods, hail storms, cloudbursts, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, and hurricanes are all examples of water-related disasters .
  • Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are examples of geological disasters .
  • Man-made disasters include urban and forest fires, oil spills, and the collapse of massive constructions.
  • Biological disasters include viral outbreaks, pest invasions, livestock epidemics, and locust plagues.
  • Chemical and industrial mishaps, mining shaft fires, and oil spills are examples of industrial disasters.
  • Nuclear disasters include nuclear core meltdowns and radiation burn, sickness.

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Disaster Management Act, 2005 for Class 9 & 10

The Lok Sabha enacted the Disaster Management Act on November 28, 2005, and the Rajya Sabha did it on December 12, 2005. On January 9, 2006, the Indian President gave his approval. The Act mandates the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), whose chairman shall be the Prime Minister of India. At any given moment, the NDMA can only have nine members total, including the vice-chairperson. The NDMA members are appointed for a five-year term. On 27 September 2005, the NDMA was formally established in accordance with Section 3(1) of the Disaster Management Act after being first established on 30 May 2005 by executive order. The NDMA is in charge of “setting down the rules, plans, and procedures for disaster management” as well as making sure that disaster responses are swift and efficient. It is tasked with establishing “guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the national Plans” in accordance with Section 6 of the Act. The Disaster Management Act of 2005 acknowledges Disaster Management as a crucial process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures which are necessary for-

  • Prevention of the threat of any disaster
  • Reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences
  • Readiness to deal with any disaster
  • Promptness in dealing with a disaster
  • Assessing the severity of the effects of any disaster
  • Rescue and relief
  • Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

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Disaster Management Agencies in India

Some agencies are involved in disaster management that we study below in detail

  • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):-  The National Disaster Management Authority, or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, governed by the Prime Minister of India. It is charge of the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
  • National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high-profile ministerial members from the government of India that consist of the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, etc. The NEC covers the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
  • State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):-  The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
  • District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):-  The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the local authorities in the District.
  • Local Authorities:-  Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services.

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Project on Disaster management

A disaster management project is a strategy created to aid a community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. Natural or man-made, disasters can result in a variety of harm, including destruction of physical property, injuries, and fatalities.

A disaster management project’s objective is to lessen the effects of a disaster by: 

  • Identifying potential risks and hazards
  • Creating plans to reduce the risks and hazards
  • preparing people for disaster response
  • putting in place a structure to manage relief operations

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Disaster Management Project pdf for Class 9 & 10 Download

The PDF of the Disaster Management project for class 10 is given below so that candidates can download it

Disaster Management

Disasters Management Project -Types

  • Hazard mitigation projects: These projects are designed to reduce the impact of a disaster by reducing the risk of a hazard occurring or by reducing the damage that a hazard can cause. For example, a hazard mitigation project might involve building a levee to protect a community from flooding or planting trees to help prevent erosion.
  • Emergency response plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will respond to a disaster. They typically include information on how to evacuate people, how to provide food and water, and how to provide medical care.
  • Recovery plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will recover from a disaster. They typically include information on how to rebuild infrastructure, how to provide financial assistance, and how to help people get back to their normal lives .
  • Natural disasters management projects
  • Man made disasters management projects

Natural Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are caused by nature are termed natural disasters. For examples: earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc.

Man-made Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are the results of human activities are known as man-made disasters. For examples: road accidents, and terrorist attacks.

Tips for developing a disaster management project

Here are some tips for developing a disaster management project.

1.The first stage in creating a disaster management project is identifying the potential risks and hazards that your community or organisation may encounter. You can achieve this by performing a hazard analysis. 2.Identify potential hazards and risks, then create plans to reduce them. This is necessary after you have determined what potential risks and hazards exist. This could entail creating evacuation preparations, planting trees, or establishing levees. 3.Teach people how to handle emergencies: It’s crucial to teach individuals how to handle emergencies. This can entail instructing individuals in evacuation procedures, first aid techniques, or how to assist the injured. 4.Create a system for coordinating relief efforts: It’s critical to have a system in place for coordinating relief efforts in the case of a disaster. This can entail creating a command centre or a communication strategy.

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Que. What are the 4 types of disaster management?

Emergency managers think of disasters as recurring events with four phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. 

When was Disaster Management in India?

On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act.

What are the 2 main types of disasters?

Types of Disasters - Natural and Human-Caused Disasters.

What is the main aim of disaster management?

The ultimate goal of the disaster-management leader is to minimize the event's impact, something that involves preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation.

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Disaster Management Science Notes

Important Points

→ Disaster is the incidence that occurs suddenly causing heavy damage to life and property. The disaster can be man-made or due to natural reason.

→ On September 2019, there was a heavy downpour in Pune. This disaster has been experienced recently. On 26th November 2008 there was attack at several places by the Pakistani terrorists. The stories about the deaths and damage caused by this disaster were seen in films and learnt about this from our elders.

→ Due to a heavy downpour in Pune, there was waterlogging in all the shallow areas. All the transport systems collapsed on that day. Large trees fell down injuring the people. The water logging causede condition like floods. Schools, colleges and offices were shut down. People were caught in troublesome situation.

→ On 26th November 2008 many innocent people lost their lives. There was tremendous damage caused to some of the important places like Taj Palace Hotel and Chabad house.

  • Hazardous event that suddenly takes place in the surroundings is called disaster.
  • The definition of disaster as given by United Nations : The sudden event that leads to the huge loss of life and property is called disaster.
  • Natural disasters : Floods, wet and dry famine, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. are caused due to sudden change in the environment causing great damage.
  • Since these disasters are due to nature’s wrath, they are called natural disasters.
  • Man-made disasters : When mankind needs natural resources for developmental purpose, environment gets damaged. Such disasters are due to man-made actions and thus they are called man-made disasters.

Social Health Science Notes

Effects of disasters :

  • The great loss to life and property of the people.
  • Different areas of life like economic, social, cultural, political, law and administration, etc. are affected due to sudden disasters.
  • The life in the affected area is totally disturbed.
  • Nature and duration of each disaster is different. The period of disaster decides whether it is short term or long-term.
  • Disasters are caused due to different reasons. Each disaster has its own environmental impact.
  • According to preliminary classification of disasters there are two main types of disasters, natural and man-made.

Second method of classifying disasters :

  • Catastrophic disasters : Cyclones in Odisha, catastrophic earthquakes of Gujarat and · Latur, frequently buzzing cyclones in coastal Andhra Pradesh, etc.
  • Disasters making the impact for long duration : Famine, various problems of crops, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.

Disasters can be classified depending upon following main criteria.

  • The extent of the damage caused.
  • The period of disaster.
  • The long term effects.
  • The reason for the disaster.

Types of disasters :

There are three types of disasters, viz. geophysical, biological and man-made.

Geophysical :

  • Geological : Earthquake, volcano, tsunami, landslides, landfall, erosion, alkalization, flooding, etc..
  • Climatic: E.g. Hot and cold waves, snow storms, snowfall, cyclones, hailstorm, drought, flood, meteorite, sunspots, etc.

Biological :

  • Animal-origin : Infectious viruses, bacteria (cholera, malaria, hepatitis, plague), insects, bite of venomous animals, etc.
  • Plant-origin: E.g. Forest fire, fungal disease spreading (Blister), weed (aquatic, carrot grass, common grass).
  • Accidental or Unintentional : Toxic gases, ; Atomic test, Unplanned action, Accident.
  • Intentional : War, fire, bomb blast, forced migration, terrorism, rapes, child labour.

→ The flood waters uproot the trees, the houses collapse due to surge of water. The fields get waterlogged. The water does not recede. The cattle die of asphyxiation by drowning. Since everything is under water, the process of decomposition begins at a higher rate. This may spread the epidemics of the diseases.

→ In dry famine, there is scarcity of water. The crops die as there is no proper irrigation. There is severe food shortage. Due to dearth of water, the cattle die and human beings are forced to migrate.

→ The earthquake is responsible for large scale devastation. The houses collapse. The roads are damaged making the transportation impossible. The electricity and water supply is disrupted due to damage. There is large scale damage to lives and property.

→ The largely spread fire of the dry grass, shrubs and trees in the forest due to heightened temperatures is called forest fire. The effect of forest fire on the environment is greatly devastating. Biodiversity is lost. Plants and animals die due to fire. The vegetation becomes dead as the plants turn into ash. The atmosphere is full of smoke and hence causes air pollution.

Actual effects :

  • Effects of every type of disasters are different.
  • Floods : Collapsing of bridges, flooding of coastal villages, shortage of food.
  • Earthquake : Collapsing of houses, developing cracks in land.
  • Forest fire and drought : Adverse effect on the environment.

Effects on the economy of the nation and local leadership

  • Huge expenses on the reconstruction of the destroyed structures.
  • Long term effect on the economy.
  • If local leadership is weak, the victimized citizens become confused.
  • During disasters administrative problems arise.
  • Local governing bodies too are affected.
  • The Government departments also are unable to solve the problematic situations caused by the disaster.
  • Entire system collapses as all the concerned departments are affected by disasters.

Nature and scope of disaster :

→ Some of the important aspects of the disaster become clear only when the nature and scope of the disaster is understood.

For this following aspects have to be studied thoroughly :

  • Exact nature of the disasters.
  • The changes in the nature before the onset of the disaster.
  • Time period of impact of disaster.

The scope of the disaster is dependent on the following facts :

  • Pre-disaster phase
  • Warning phase
  • Emergency phase
  • Rehabilitation phase
  • Recovery phase
  • Reconstruction phase

→ Three sensitive phases of the disaster:.

→ Most of the natural disasters have taken place in the Asian continent and region of Pacific Ocean, causing huge of loss to the life. These disasters are caused due to natural imbalances created by human beings, in the pursuit of development and the economic progress. Environmental degradation is the leading cause to natural calamities.

→ Population explosion has resulted into many problems. After the Second World War, the natural conditions on the earth have gradually changed due to human interventions. Different causes such as economic inequality, racial and religious differences have caused terrorism, abduction, social differences which in turn result into instability in nations and man-made calamities.

→ Atomic energy plants are used for generation of nuclear energy. But they emit hazardous radiations. E.g., the accidental leakage in atomic energy plant at Chernobyl, Russia. During production of atomic energy radiation leakage and allied accidents may happen.

→ Disaster management is the essential action that has to be undertaken by each nation and its citizens. By direct participation of citizens in disaster management and by different disaster management schemes, hazardous after effects are reduced. These schemes are dependent on every location, time and nature of the disaster.

Disaster management :

→ Effective short term or long term disaster management is necessary in minor and major disasters. The disaster management should involve public participation. Disasters are suddenly forcing us to deal with them, but by disaster management techniques, the losses can be minimized. In managing the after effects of disasters, there should be arrangements to cope up with disastrous effects or there should be ways to make citizens capable to face and fight against the consequences. .

Objectives of disaster management :

  • Saving human life from disasters. Helping them to move away from the place of disasters.
  • Essential commodities to be supplied to the affected people. This will help to reduce the gravity of disaster.
  • To bring back the conditions to normalcy.
  • Rehabilitation of the affected and displaced victims.
  • Protective measures for future in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

→ Disaster management is divided into pre disaster management and post-disaster management. Through scientific and careful observations and analysis of previous data, suitable action plans are developed for the disasters that might come in future. Preventive measures, rehabilitation and reconstruction is included in such plans.

Pre-disaster management:

  • Pre-disaster management means measures taken to rescue people or to keep preparedness before the disaster strikes. It includes following points:
  • To identify the disasterprone areas.
  • Through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps, the information should be collected about the probability of future disaster’s intensity and probable sites of disasters, respectively.
  • Learning by ourselves and then imparting special training to people to tackle with future disasters.
  • Making general public aware about disaster management by training them through programmes. Spreading the message through mass media, etc.

Post-disaster management :

→ Post-disaster management means helping the victims of disasters in all possible ways, after they are affected. Rescue work is done by local survivors. Controlling centres and help centres are established according to the type of disaster.

→ Materials provided from the control centres for the victims are categorized, and distributed the same to victims with continuous review of the help.

Main aspects of disaster management cycle :

  • Preparation : For possible future disasters, a plan for minimizing the destruction is kept ready. This is called preparation for the disaster.
  • Redemption : Planning is done to minimize such damage when disaster strikes.
  • Preparedness : In case of disaster, the general public and administration should immediately rise for action. This planned action is called preparedness.
  • Impact of disaster : After the disaster recedes, its intensity is studied. Its impact is analysed along with disaster management.
  • Response : Just before the disaster and immediately after the disaster, the response of people is analysed in this step.
  • Resurgence: Resurgence is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. It is a step showing extent of welfare and rehabilitation work done after the disaster. The progress of nation also becomes clear after analysing resurgence.
  • Restoration : The return of the normalcy after the disaster is called restoration. The restoration time depends upon the type of disaster.

→ Natural disasters cannot be avoided. But by proper management, the loss can be minimized. Man-made disasters can be avoided if care is taken in our actions and behaviour. It is the ethical responsibility of all human beings, to help each other during disasters.

Structure of Disaster Management Authority :

→ The Government has established an authority for management of disasters. Indian Government has also passed Disaster Management Act, 2005. The following chart shows control and coordination of disaster management carried out from national level to village levels :

Disaster Management Science Notes 1

→ District Disaster Management Authority: Planning, coordinating and controlling the implementation of rehabilitation programme is done by District Collector. He is responsible for such programmes and schemes.

Functions of Disaster Management Authority :

  • Giving the necessary instructions.
  • Assessing whether the instructions are followed or not.
  • Reviewing the entire system.
  • Controlling the actions.
  • Planning and executing the plans.
  • Designing schemes for each district, separately for each type of disaster and getting those sanctioned from state-level authorities.

District-wise Disaster Control Unit :

  • Establishment of district control unit is done immediately either after the impact of disaster or due to the warning of forthcoming disasters.
  • Help and guidance from various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication
  • department, paramilitary forces, etc. is taken to review the various aspects of disaster.
  • The control unit also coordinates with various voluntary organizations that help in disaster management.

The international organizations that work in the field of disaster management :

  • United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
  • United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
  • Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
  • Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
  • World Health Organization.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

National Disaster Response Force :

  • The army jawans constitute the National Disaster Response force.
  • It was established as per the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
  • 12 divisions of this force work in the country, Its headquarter is located at Delhi and the army takes any required action throughout all the states of India.
  • In Maharashtra, Jawans of State Reserve Police Force carry out responsibilities of National Disaster Response Force.
  • Website : http://www.ndrf.gov.in gives the · information of National Disaster Response Force.
  • First aid is the primary help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.

→ The injured person should be helped and kept in a resting position in which he or she is at ease. Depending upon the nature of the disaster, first aid given may be different. But the most important is timely rescue which can help the victim to survive.

First Aid and Emergency Action :

First Aid :

→ When suddenly any disaster takes place, the help given to the victims before the medical treatment is available, is called first aid. This knowledge of first aid becomes useful to save one’s life.

→ In day-to-day life, we come across many such disastrous incidences where such help is needed. Varieties of disasters like accidents, stampede, injuries in fighting, electric shock, burns, heat shock, snake bite, dog bite, fire due to electric short circuit, epidemic of any disease, etc. are the disasters in which first aid becomes essential

→ In disasters, the victim’s condition is to be taken into account before starting any furst aid. As per the condition, various transportation methods like cradle method, carrying on back, carrying on two hands are to be followed.

→ Sometimes we face the disaster due to our own unawareness. We have to watch out for the symbols that warn us against the potential dangers. Such symbols have to be taken into account.

→ First Aid Kit : Material necessary for first aid is kept in the first aid kit. Such first aid kit should be available at every place such as in schools, colleges and offices, etc.

The necessary material in first aid box :

  • For wrapping the wounds: Bandage strips of different size, Wound gauze, Triangular and circular bandage, Medicated cotton, Band aid
  • For cleanliness; Hand gloves, Clean and dry cloth pieces, Soap
  • Medicines : Antiseptic (Dettol/Savlon), Petroleum jelly
  • Safety pins, Blade, Small pins, Needle, Scissors
  • Thermometer, Torch.

Mock Drill :

Nature of mock drill :

  • Mock drill is the activity which is carried out by creating virtual or apparent situation of disaster.
  • It is carried out to check the preparedness if the disaster approaches.
  • The responses of the people, the quickness of actions, etc. can be analysed prior to the actual disaster happens.

→ Trained personnel check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal. They are responsible for the training of people in case of disasters. The whole exercise helps to check the efficacy of the system prepared for disaster redressal.

→ Mock drill is organized in various schools to create the awareness among the school children in case of disasters. Fire fighters, police force and some voluntary organizations organize mock drills.

Objectives of Mock Drill :

  • Evaluating the response of the common people to the disaster.
  • Improving the coordination between various departments that work for the disaster control.
  • Identifying one’s own abilities at the time of disaster.
  • Developing the ability to respond quickly to disaster.
  • Checking the competency of the planned actions. Assessing the possible errors and risks.

Important notes for our safety

  • Not to crowd and push each other while using staircase in the school.
  • Important help-lines should be remembered and used whenever need arises : Police 100, Fire fighting
  • force 101, Disaster Control Unit 108, Ambulance 102, Child helpline : 1028, etc.
  • Always follow the traffic rules. Looking first at left and then at right sides while crossing the road.
  • Not to touch any unclaimed object.
  • Not to spread rumours.
  • Not to cause chaos at the crowded places.

Science Notes

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Ncert solutions for class 10 disaster management.

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  • Chapter 1 Tsunami The Killer sea Waves
  • Chapter 2 Survival Skills
  • Ch 3 Alternative Communication Systems
  • Chapter 4 Safe Construction Practices
  • Chapter 5 Sharing Responsibilities
  • Ch 6 Planning Ahead

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Disaster Management Essay

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Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the arrangement and management of the resources following a disaster, be it natural or man-made. There are so many organizations who are dealing with various types of disastrous situations from the humanitarian aspect. Some disasters are just the consequences of human hazards and some are caused by natural calamity. However, we can prevent them by taking the necessary emergency measures to save and preserve lives. As natural disasters cannot be predicted, they can take place anywhere at any time. 

Vedantu has provided an essay on Disaster management on this page. Students who have received an assignment to write an essay on Disaster Management or preparing an essay for examination can refer to this page to understand the pattern. Any student or parent can directly visit Vedantu site or download the app on the phone to get access to the study materials.  

Disaster Management’ is the simple term of management which embraces loads of disaster-related activities. Disaster occurs frequently in some parts of the world. Japan is the best example of it. Japanese people are annoyed on Tsunamis and earthquakes. The local scene is not much different from the global one. No one could forget the cyclone in Orissa, Earthquake in Gujarat or even the Mumbai Terrorist Attack.

Natural and man-made are the two categories of the disaster. Natural disasters are those which occurred due to sudden changes in the environment or topography causing uncountable human as well as economic loss. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods and cloudbursts are few of the natural disasters. Manual intentional made disasters are man-made disasters. For example, Gas leakage, terrorist attacks, fire, oil spills. Man-made disasters are the result of human intentions or might be because of workmanship or technical errors. The count of man-made and natural disasters is rising rapidly.

Here are a few things which will help us to deal with earthquakes. The significant information about Natural calamities is predicted easier and is being shared within the public by the central bureau. Furthermore, earthquake-resistant structures are constructed considering, ‘Precaution is Better Than Cure’. Reflexes are made so strong that cover of solid platforms such as a table and chair should be taken as soon as the danger is sensible while the cover of trees, electric poles or buildings is avoided as far as possible. Keep in touch with local news during heavy rainy days. Any flood is preceded with significant time. Making proper use of divine buffer time for safety is advisable. Strategically planning of water reservoirs, land uses, tree plantation, rainwater harvesting techniques help us increase immunity power to fight against the drought. 

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Association of Emergency Managers etc. are the best disaster management authorities. NDMA is a core body which obeys the law of Disaster Management. The reputed disaster managers are stuck in finding plans for rescuing from the loss of disaster. Moreover, to counteract the effect of disaster Rajya Sabha passed the ‘Disaster Management Act’ on 23 December 2005 which includes 11 chapters and 79 sections in it. Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr Narendra Modi holds the position of chairman of it. 

Youngsters should motivate themselves to learn and practice plenty of disaster management techniques and arrange the camps regarding it. Today, everyone is fighting against one of the breathtaking disasters named COVID-19 which is as big as fighting in world war. Avoiding the crowd, wearing the mask are the basic precautions suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) during this period of fighting. This disease spreads mostly amongst the people who come in close contact with the infected one. So, it's suggested to keep a safe distance of around 3 meters within the others. This is being termed as ‘Social Distancing’. Nature is not cruel nor is it human. Just small management skills help us withstand before, in and after disasters. Uncountable suggestions and instructions in disaster management but few which apply every time must be followed.

Stages of Disaster Management

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle for disaster management plan which incorporates policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are –

The most preferred way to deal with disasters is to be proactive in their prevention rather than rushing later for their cure. This implies recognition of potential hazards and working towards infrastructure to mitigate their impact. This stage in the management cycle involves setting up permanent measures to minimize disaster risk.

Setting up an evacuation plan in a school, training the teachers to lead the students towards safe structures in the event of earthquake, tornado or fire, planning a strong base for high raised sky-scrapers to prepare for earthquakes and designing a city in such a manner that reduces the risk of flooding are some examples of measures takes for disaster prevention.

Mitigation is the first and the foremost attempt to save human lives during the time of disaster or their recovery from the aftermath. The measures which are taken can be both structural and non-structural.

Structural mitigation measures could include transforming the physical characteristics of a building or the surroundings to curb the effect, for example, clearing out of the trees around your house, ensuring that storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into the house. Non-structural measures could include amending the building or locality codes to enhance safety and prevent disasters.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a process that involves a social community where the trained, or the head of the community, businesses and institutions demonstrate the plan of action which is supposed to be executed during the event of a disaster. It is an ongoing continuous process with anticipation of a calamity, which involves training, evaluating and taking corrective action with the highest level of alertness. Some examples of such prevention measures are fire drills, shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals.

The response is the action taken after the disaster has occurred to retrieve some life from it. It includes short-term and long-term responses. In ideal situations, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources in the restoration process and minimize the risk of further property damage.

During this stage, the area of the calamity is cleared if it poses any further threat to human as well as environmental life. For example, evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, is a responsive action against a disaster.

The fifth and last stage in the process of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. This can sometimes take years or decades to happen. The larger mass of a city is also sometimes part of the recovery from a disaster. The greatest and the most infamous example of this is the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attacks on Japan, it took the people of those cities years and decades to recover from that man-made calamity.

It took years of effort to stabilize the area and restore essential community or individual functions. The recovery stage prioritizes the basic essential needs of human survival like food, drinkable water, utilities, transportation and healthcare over less-essential services. Eventually, this stage is all about coordinating with individuals, communities and businesses to help each other to restore a normal or a new normal, as in the case of Covid-19.

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

Some people have more experience than others with managing natural or man-made disasters and their prevention of them. Although this is that subject of life which should be studied and implemented by every business or community. As it is said rightly, “prevention is better than cure”, and any organization or an individual or a community can be hit by a disaster sooner or later, whether it's something as minor as a prolonged power cut or a life-threatening hurricane or an earthquake. Usually, the pandemics train us, as a social and political community, to deal with natural calamities and compel the organizations responsible for it, to build an infrastructure for its prevention.

To act responsibly and pro-actively during the event of a disaster, we have got to be prepared and equipped as a nation, individually and as a social community. To be well-educated and read with the aspects of disaster management is to be responsible for the handling of it.

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FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

1. What is Disaster Management?

In simpler words, disaster management can be defined as the arrangement of resources and precautions to deal with all humanitarian aspects during an emergency. Disasters are the consequences of natural or human hazards. Earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes are some of the deadliest natural disasters to name a few. Examples of man-made disasters are bomb blast, radiations, transport accidents, terrorist attacks etc.

2. What is the Main Aim of Disaster Management?

The main aim of disaster management is prevention, rescue and recovery from the trauma, and development.

3. How to Write an Essay on Disaster Management?

Disaster management refers to the response to an emergency situation to make it as normal as possible. While writing an essay on Disaster Management, you can start with an introduction, then go on with the definition, the types of disaster management, a little in-depth explanation along with examples, and finish it off with a conclusion. 

4. Can I Get a Sample Essay on Disaster Management from Vedantu?

Yes, the essay mentioned on this page is about Disaster Management. This essay has been written by the experts of Vedantu keeping the understanding ability of the students of each class. 

5. What are the career opportunities in the field of Disaster management?

People looking for career opportunities in the field of disaster management have many pathways to approach it. Some examples of the jobs relating to this line of work are crisis-management leader, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These are the roles which call for varying levels of responsibility in preparing a city or a company for catastrophic events. The job roles can be approached with earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management.

Maharashtra Board Solutions

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 1

Question 2. Write notes. a. Disaster Management Authority. Answer: Disaster Management Authority is the body that works at the level of government from national level to village level. This work is basically about management of any disaster and tackling the problems of the affected people. At National level there is National Disaster Management Authority for which the Prime Minister is the chairman. For every state there is State Disaster Management Authority, where the chief minister of every state is the chairman. Under the state level, there are district level units where district collector is responsible for disaster management and implementation of rehabilitation schemes. Below district level authority there are Taluka and then Village Disaster Management Committees.

The Tahsildar is the chairman for Taluka level while the Sarpanch of the village is responsible for management of disasters at village level. Collector of each district helps in planning, coordinating and controlling the implementation of rehabilitation programme and also gives essential instructions and reviews the entire system.

b. Nature of disaster management. Answer: Disaster management involves either prevention of disasters (Pre-disaster management) or creating preparedness to face them (Post-disaster management). The action plans are prepared for managing disasters. This is done after studying the different aspects such as preventive measures, rehabilitation and reconstruction plans. The disasters are tackled by executing action plans in the following steps: Preparation, redemption, preparedness, action during actual disaster, response, resurgence and restoration. At every level there are other voluntary organizations and Government meteorological institutions for their help.

c. Mock drill. Answer:

  • Mock drill is the practice to check whether there is preparedness for dealing with the sudden attack of disaster.
  • For this purpose, virtual or apparent situations that simulate the disaster are created.
  • The reaction time for any type of disaster is checked by such activity. In the presence of trained personnel, the execution of the rescue plans are observed.
  • People also understand their responsibilities at the time of actual disaster.
  • The experts also check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal.
  • By such mock drills, the efficacy of the system can be understood. In future, when actual calamity strikes, there is already preparation for disaster redressal. Therefore, mock drill is useful.

d. Disaster Management Act, 2005. Answer: Government of India has made Disaster Management Act in 2005. The affected people are given all necessary help as per this act. With the humanitarian view, people are rehabilitated and helped them to come back to normalcy after the disaster.

As per this Act, National Disaster Response Force has been established. This force consists of 12 divisions in entire India which are attached with Indian Army. The headquarter is located in Delhi, but the action is taken all over the country with the help of army. As per the Act, in Maharashtra National Disaster Response Force is in action through State Reserve Polioe Force. The personnel of this force are trained accordingly, and they take part in the rescue work during different disasters.

Question 3. Answer the following questions. a. Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster. Answer: (1) District control unit looks after the ; disaster management of the district. (2) It is immediately formed either after the impact of disaster or if warning is given about some upcoming disaster.

District-wise Disaster Control Unit performs following role:

  • The review of various aspects of disasters is done.
  • Through the disaster control unit there is continuous contact established with various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication department, paramilitary forces, etc. for obtaining help.
  • The unit also coordinates with various voluntary organizations for their help in disaster management.

b. Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after the World War-II. Answer:

  • After Second World War, the feelings of peace and brotherhood among the global citizens were lost. The geographic, religious, racial and ethnic differences sprang up tremendously.
  • Atrocities that Nazi has performed made deep impact on the minds of people. Terrorism, abduction, robberies and social unrest increased in almost all the countries.
  • The financial losses had incurred in the World War II. The misuse of science and technology was done to retrieve these deficits.
  • At the end of World War II, the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan. This has created health problems in the entire world.
  • Social inequality, economic disparity, racial and religious differences were some adversaries that created unrest in the country.
  • Later, the neighbouring nations kept on fighting. The geographical boundaries were changed. People always had feelings of insecurity. The terrorism flourished. All such instances gave rise to man-made disasters.

c. What are the objectives of disaster management? (OR) State any four objectives of disaster management. (March ’19) Answer: Objectives of disaster management:

  • To save human life from disasters. To help them for moving away from the place of disasters by rapid action.
  • To supply essential commodities to the affected people. This helps to reduce the gravity of disaster. People are given grains, water and clothes and other basic necessities under this objective.
  • To bring back the conditions of affected people to normalcy.
  • To rehabilitate the affected and displaced victims.
  • To think and execute the protective measures in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

d. Why is it essential to get the training of first aid? (July ’19) Answer: When there is a disaster, we need to immediately help the victim. Till the medical help arrives, one should be in position to treat the injured and save his or her life. In such cases; knowing first- aid is essential. Such kind of a need may arise in case of our parents, our siblings at home or with friends in school. Those who are injured should be treated at once. If we know about techniques of first aid, we can save such person before the medical help arrives. Therefore, it is essential to get the training of the first aid.

e. Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why? Answer: For the transportation of patients following methods are used:

  • Cradle method: This method is used for children and persons with less weight.
  • Carrying piggy back: This method is useful in carrying the unconscious persons.
  • Human crutch method: If one leg of the person is injured, then the victim is supported with minimum load on the other leg. This is called human crutch method.
  • Pulling or lifting method: For carrying an unconscious person for a short distance this method is used.
  • Carrying on four-hand chair: This method is used when the support is needed for a part below waist region.
  • Carrying on two-hand chair: Patients that cannot use their hands but can hold their body upright, are carried by such method.
  • Stretcher: By making temporary stretcher in case of emergency, the unconscious patient can be moved. Such temporary stretchers are made by using bamboos, blanket, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 6

Question 5. Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any two disasters experienced by you. Answer: Students are expected to write the answer based on their own experiences.

Question 6. Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school? Why? Answer: For the pre-disaster management at school following aspects would be inspected.

  • Are the telephones 6f the school working properly?
  • Is there a first-aid box in each class?
  • Are there any basic medicines in the school?
  • Is the team ready for rescue of smaller children from lower classes?
  • Has monitor or prefect participated in a mock drill? Does he/she know about first aid?
  • Is the contact of parent representative available in emergency situations?
  • Is the Medical Officer/Doctor present on the school campus?
  • Is there enough drinking water and some dry snacks available in the school?
  • Are the staircases and corridors suitable for quick evacuation of the children?

Question 7. Identify the type of disaster. a. Terrorism. Answer: Man-made, intentional. Due to the activities of terrorism, many innocent lives are lost. Many are seriously injured. Some become crippled for their entire life. Buildings, monuments, vehicles everything is completely destroyed. There is rift between different religions or sects. The peaceful atmosphere is disturbed. The entire society is under the constant fear of insecurity.

b. Soil erosion. Answer: Natural, geophysical, geological. When the upper fertile layer of soil is lost, it becomes barren. The trees are uprooted. The fertility of the area is lost. The land becomes unsuitable for cultivation or farming. Due to wind, flowing water or grazing animals the naturally occurring soil erosion becomes hazardous for the environment.

c. Hepatitis. Answer: Natural, biological, animal-origin. Hepatitis is a viral disease which spreads through the contaminated food and water. The outburst of epidemic of hepatitis is difficult to control. As in big cities the quality of road side food is often consumed, the spread of hepatitis is. fast. People suffer due to hepatitis.

d. Forest fire. Answer: Natural, biological, plant-origin. Due to heat and wind, the dry grass and the shrubs catch fire in the forests, resulting in forest fires. Such rapidly spreading forest fire can finish the biodiversity within a very short span of time. It is difficult to extinguish the naturally lit forest fires. Many trees and other vegetation, animals and birds along with their habitats are destroyed due to forest fire. The smoke emanating causes the air pollution.

e. Famine. Answer: Natural, climatic. Due to famine there is severe water scarcity. In absence of water, the fields and farms become barren as the crops cannot grow without water. There is shortage of food grains. The cattle dies due to want of water and grass. Local people have to migrate in search of food, water and shelter.

f. Theft. Answer: Man-made, intentional. Theft causes economic loss for the one whose money or valuables are looted. The person who suffers the loss also undergo mental and emotional shock. Sometimes the thief may also cause physical harm. It may cost on life too.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 7

(1) Explosive: Some materials are explosive. While handling such materials care should be taken. We should not take anything that would cause fire leading to explosion. If explosion occurs, there would be a major disaster causing great loss of life and property. Thus if this sign is seen, great care has to be taken.

(2) Inflammable: Similar to explosive substances, the inflammable materials can also catch fire easily. Therefore, to warn people such sign is given on materials that can cause hazard by burning.

(3) Oxidizing: Some chemical substances are oxidizing. They carry out chemical reactions with a rapid speed. E.g. If potassium permanganate falls on the cloth, it starts the reaction on its C-C bonds. Due to such property of carrying out reactions, the cloths may catch fire. Therefore, oxidizing substances should be handled with care.

(4) Compressed: Compressed substances are filled under pressure in some container. If mishandled, they can come out of the container by bursting it open. This can cause some injuries.

(5) Corrosive: The corrosive substances are very reactive. The mere touch of corrosive substances can cause destruction of skin, eyes, respiratory passages, digestive organs, etc. rapidly. Just touching or smelling of such substances can cause major injury and thus warning sign of corrosive substance should never be ignored.

(6) Toxic: To taste a toxic substance or even to smell it, can lead to death. The packing of these substances are therefore marked as dangerous. They should be avoided as far as possible.

(7) Irritant: When skin or any delicate part of the body comes in contact with the irritant substance, it can cause harmful reaction. Especially, eyes, nasal mucosa and skin are affected by contact with corrosive substances.

(8) Environmentally hazardous: Many sub¬stances cause harm to the environment due to their toxicity. Air, water or soil can be polluted due to such pollutants. When environment is affected, ultimately these hazardous effects come back to human species. Therefore, such substances should be carefully used. Their use should be judicious and controlled.

(9) Health hazard: The substances that can cause hazard to our health should always be distanced from us. Such substances should not be kept in proximity. As far as possible they should be kept away and handled with great care if needed for any work. Materials marked with health hazard can cause severe toxicity.

Question 9. Explain that why is it said like that? a. Mock drill is useful. Answer:

b. Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for future. Answer:

  • Disaster can strike any time. The sudden disasters can be man-made with some bad intentions or may be accidental.
  • When natural calamity strikes suddenly with a huge impact, large scale devastation of property and general environment degradation occurs along with substantial mortality of people and animals.
  • Therefore, it is most appropriate to have the preparedness to reduce the impact of any future disasters.
  • We cannot control the onset of the natural disaster, but we can definitely reduce the harsh effects of the disaster by following disaster management plan.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 8

Project 1. Demonstrate the activities shown on page no. 106 of Std. IX Science and Technology textbook in front of the students of other classes. Make a video clip and send it to others.

Project 2. Form a group of students from your school to demonstrate the mock drill and demonstrate it in the school

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 109)

Question 1. What is disaster? Answer: Disaster is the incidence that occurs suddenly causing heavy damage to life and property. The disaster can be man-made or due to natural reason.

Question 2. Which disasters have you experienced in your area? Answer: On September 2019, there was a heavy downpour in Pune. This disaster has been experienced recently. On 26th November 2008 there was attack at several places by the Pakistani terrorists. The stories about the deaths and damage caused by this disaster were seen in films and learnt about this from our elders.

Question 3. What are the effects of that disaster on local and surrounding conditions? Answer: Due to a heavy downpour in Pune, there was waterlogging in all the shallow areas. All the transport systems collapsed on that day. Large trees fell down injuring the people. The water logging caused condition like floods. Schools, colleges and offices were shut down. People were caught in troublesome situation.

On 26th November 2008 many innocent people lost their lives. There was tremendous damage caused to some of the important places like Taj Palace Hotel and Chabad house.

Use your brain power: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1. Depending upon information given on page 111, explain the various effects of the disaster of railway accident. Answer: The effects of disastrous railway accident: The effect will be dependent upon the nature of the accident that has occurred. Whether, it is a collapse of bridge or due to derailment of the train, or due to collision of two moving trains, whether it is due to failure in signaling system, due to land slide or due to obstacle in the tunnel, that has to be understood. The impact of such railway accident will be dependent on the way that accident has occurred. Based on this impact the effects will take place.

Observe/Discuss: Let’s Discuss: (Text Book Page No. 110) Question 1. observe the images on textbook page no. 110. whether the places of disasters are known to you? Discuss the emfects of these disasters on public lire. How people could lave been saved from these disasters? Discuss with your friends in the classroom. Answer: Students should discuss the disasters given in the pictures by themselves after collecting the information.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 114)

Question 1. Observe the disaster cycle given below and explain each aspect of the disaster of earthquake. Answer: The main aspects of disaster cycle to tackle disaster of earthquake are as follows: (1) Preparation : With the help of seismograph, the warning about forthcoming earthquake can be obtained these days. The intensity of the earthquake is also predicted with the help of technology. If the estimate of the Richter scale is on the higher sides, there would be more preparatory measures taken to tackle the forthcoming problem of earthquake.

(2) Redemption: Once this information is obtained the possible impact of the earthquake on the houses, buildings, people can be studied by the geological experts. The meetings of the Disaster Management Authority will be organized for same.

(3) Preparedness: What the general public should do and what action the reserved forces should take, will be decided in case of actual incidence of the earthquake. The schemes and plans will be made ready in this direction.

(4) Impact of Earthquake: In case of disaster of earthquake, people will be helped to safety. The trapped people will be rescued. First aid and other necessary help will be provided. The data about the losses and the intensity of this disaster will be noted and reported for the further process.

(5) Response: In this phase the response of the people as well as the action of Government can be well studied. The response should be quick and positive. The maximum lives and property should be saved by such responses. The disaster of earthquake should be managed with positivity and through help given to the sufferers.

(6) Resurgence: Earthquakes can destroy the entire households or even entire community. Such homeless people should be given the place to stay. Resurgence is important phase for the national welfare. If the citizens of India are cared for, the nation too will progress.

(7) Restoration: The earthquake victims should be settled by providing them with new settlements. Sometimes, entire village is to be settled. E.g. In Latur or Kutch, there twas very large scale devastation. But Government of India as well as some NGOs helped to reconstruct the houses. In such earthquake-prone areas, houses are built in specific pattern to withstand any possible future calamities.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 13

In all the above methods, the injured person at the time of disaster is transported to hospital or dispensary for further medical help. The primary first-aid is given to the victim. Now the volunteer is taking him for further treatment. Such rescue activities depend upon the type of disaster and the extent of the injury. Hence the methods will be of different nature.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1. What will be the effect on yourself and surrounding, if any accident-like disaster occurs during the sports on playground or in school? Answer: When in school, there is an accident, first of all we get scared. But with caring help of the teacher, we will give the first aid to the injured friends by using first aid kit. If the injury is serious, we will take him to the medical centre of the school. While playing or during sports event, children flock around and make unnecessary crowding. In case of such accident, first of all the crowd will have to be dispersed. If there is major disaster, one should not fumble but manage the disaster in a wise way with the help of teachers.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 112)

Question 1. Explain the nature and scope of the disaster of flood with the help of six points given on text book page no. 112. Answer: The nature and the scope of the disaster of flood can be described according to the six points: (1) Pre-disaster phase: Due to Indian Meteorological Department the warning predictions are received before any climatic disaster strikes. If the scope of the flood is predicted to be high, then the people who may be affected by the calamity are relocated to a safer area.

(2) Warning phase: In the warning phase the Government warns the general public about the forthcoming disaster of floods through mass media like radio, television, newspapers, etc. In recent times, even the cellphone messages are sent to people for warning them. The people living in coastal areas will be worst affected and hence such people are given greater care and they are immediately made to leave their houses. They are taken to the safe places.

(3) Emergency phase: When the flood waters actually start rising up, the low-lying areas are submerged. Houses, roads and shops everything goes under water. The rescue operations are carried out by army men from National Disaster Rescue Force. They take every possible effort to rescue the trapped people. The emergency continues till the water does not recede. Later after the water starts receding, people who had been taken to places on heights, start coming back. During this phase, search, rescue operations, medical treatment, and first aid are all the aspects on which the attention is focussed.

(4) Rehabilitation phase: The people affected due to floods are given emotional and financial support. The fields, farms, houses or cattle-shed are under water. Such people are given transient accommodations. Many cattle and other animals die by drowning. Their rotting carcasses have to be disposed as soon as possible because the decaying process spreads epidemics of diseases. People are given vaccinations to protect them from diseases of such kind. Special care of young children and senior citizens is taken during this period. Supply of food and drinking water is also very important task during this time.

(5) Recovery phase: During recovery phase, the life comes gradually back to normalcy. The removal of dead, decaying material and the debris is the first priority. The water connections and electricity is restored back. Various NGOs or Government organizations provide help of various kind to the affected people. This help is to be distributed to those who are in real need. This work is also done by Disaster Management Department.

(6) Reconstruction phase: The houses and building that collapse due to floods are built back. Agricultural activities start again. Roads and water supply is once again normalized. Schools and colleges start once again. Thus, the once flood affected area comes back to routine functioning again.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 14

(2) Fire: First and foremost is to save ourselves from fire. Then one can help others in rescue operations. Help others to extinguish fire. Call the fire department for immediate action.

(3) Snake bite: Many a times the biting snake can be non-venomous too. But the victim is psychologically affected too. The tourniquet should be tied in the region above the snake bite. The rope, piece of cloth or even handkerchief can be used for this purpose, so that the venom, if any should not rise and reach vital organs. The wound should be made near the bite-wound so that the blood will ooze out and some venom can automatically flow out. Though these are first-aid measures, the victim should be rushed to a qualified doctor for an injection of antivenin.

Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:

Question 1. Disasters definitely affect the ………… of the nation. (a) people (b) economy (c) security (d) employment Answer: (b) economy

Question 2. If local ………… is not strong enough, citizens become confused. (a) leadership (b) women (c) politicians (d) cattle Answer: (a) leadership

Question 3. …………… problems arise diming the disaster. (a) Local (b) Global (c) Administrative (d) Private Answer: (c) Administrative

Question 4. Stinking pollution caused due to decomposing corpses of humans and other animal is ………… disaster. (a) environmental (b) health (c) necessary (d) effective Answer: (a) environmental

Question 5. After the subsidence of any type of disaster, rehabilitation work is started in ………… phase. (a) later (b) transitional (c) terminal (d) ultimate Answer: (b) transitional

Question 6. …………. phase is highly complicated phase. (a) Reconstruction (b) Recycling (c) Reuse (d) Redevelopment Answer: (a) Reconstruction

Question 7. There had been a huge ……….. in the village Malin, Tal. Ambegaon in 2014. (a) earthquake (b) storm (c) landslide (d) change Answer: (c) landslide

Question 8. The atomic energy plant at Chernobyl was used only for generating …………. (a) electricity (b) solar power (c) atomic energy (d) agriculture Answer: (a) electricity

Question 9. Supply of essential ………….. to the affected people can reduce the effect of the disaster. (a) food (b) water (c) commodities (d) money Answer: (c) commodities

Question 10. Keeping …………. ready is a practice to check the preparedness of facing the disaster. (a) First aid (b) Mock drill (c) Ambulance (d) Fire brigade Answer: (b) Mock drill

Question 11. Which of the following is man-made disaster. (March, July ’19) (a) Earthquake (b) Flood (c) Meteor (d) Leakage of toxic gases Answer: (d) Leakage of toxic gases

Question 12. What should be done if gas cylinder at your house catches fire? (a) Water should be sprinkled (b) Sand, soil should be put on it (c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanket (d) one should run away Answer: (c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanket

Which type of disaster is described in the following statements:

Question 1. On 26th July 2005, entire suburban Mumbai was waterlogged. Answer: Cloudbursting and severe downpour

Question 2. Elephants in the Bandipur forest started running helter and skelter due to smoke. Answer: Forest fires

Question 3. Many innocent people died in the bomb blast that occurred on 11th July 2006 in local trains. Answer: Bomb explosion-Terrorism

Question 4. In Kutch, suddenly many school children were buried under the rubble. Answer: Earthquake

Question 5. Because of lack of crops, people from Vidarbha are migrating to other regions. Answer: Dry famine

Question 6. The huge waves in Chennai engulfed many human lives in December 2004. Answer: Tsunami.

Find the correlation:

Question 1. Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur : : Devastating floods in 2018 : …………. Answer: Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur : : Devastating floods in 2018 : Kerala/Assam

Question 2. Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war : ………….. Answer: Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war : Intentional

Question 3. Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization : ………….. Answer: Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization : Geological type of disaster

Question 4. Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning : : Post-disaster management : ……….. Answer: Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning : : Post-disaster management : Resurgence and restoration.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Answer: (1) Earthquake and volcano – Geological. (2) Snowfall and snowstorms – Climatic.

Question 2.

Answer: (1) Aquatic weeds – Plant origin (2) Attack by locusts (insects) – Animal origin.

Question 3.

Answer: (1) Atomic tests – Unintentional (2) Terrorism – Intentional.

Question 4.

Answer: (1) Contamination of water – Environmental (2) Collapsing of transport system – Administrative.

Question 5.

Answer: (1) Spread of epidemics – Medical (2) Shortage of funds – Economical.

Question 6.

Answer: (1) Rift due to religions – Social (2) Citizens getting confused – Political.

Identify the type of disaster and describe the effects of the same in brief:

Question 1. Accident at Chernobyl. Answer: Man-made, unintentional. At Chernobyl in Russia there was the atomic energy plant, where disastrous accident took place. The radiations emitted through the reactors caused tremendous radiation pollution. These hazardous effects are even seen today.

Give reasons:

Question 1. When there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere. Answer:

  • During riots, there is financial loss for all the rioting groups.
  • The belongings, houses, shops, etc. are destroyed or damaged.
  • Property is looted. There is no guarantee of safety and security for anyone.
  • Women and children suffer the most as they are easily victimized. Therefore, when there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1. which are the disaters that make Impact for longer duration? Give examples. Answer: Those disasters that make the impact for long duration and those disasters, whose after-elfbcts are either severe are long term disasters. Their severity increases with thme. Such disasters are famine, various problems of growth of crop, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.

Question 2. What types of disaster are the following? Explain their impacts. (a) Floods (b) War. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet) Answer: (a) Flood is geophysical climatic disaster. (b) War is man-made intentional disaster.

Impact of flood : The low-lying and the coastal areas are seen to be submerged. The entire region is waterlogged. Impact of war: Tremendous destruction causing loss. Many lives are lost. The costs of all the items rise due to war conditions. Entire nation faces insecurity.

Question 3. Explain in brief the sensitive issues of general public about disaster. (OR) Which are the three aspects of disaster tjiat are important for common citizens? Answer: The phase of emergency, transitional phase and reconstruction phase are the three phases of disaster that are important for common citizens.

(1) Phase of emergency: If timely and rapid action is taken during this phase, maximum lives can be saved. Search and rescue operations, medical help, first aid, restoring communication services, removing the people from affected area are done during this phase. The gravity of disaster can be estimated during this phase.

(2) Transitional Phase: The disaster subsides and then the work of transitional phase starts. The main concern is rehabilitation work for the affected and displaced people. This work includes clearing of debris, restoring water supply, repairing roads, etc. to bring normalcy in public life. Help from different voluntary and Government institute is taken to offer the monetary provision and essential commodities to affected victims. Permanent means of livelihood is given to the people to reduce their mental and emotional stress. The victims are truly rehabilitated.

(3) Reconstruction Phase: Reconstruction phase is a highly complicated phase which actually overlaps with transition stage. Help is offered to people to reconstruct their buildings. Other facilities like roads and water supply are restored. Farming practices are restarted. It is a very gradual phase that makes the victims to completely rehabilitate.

Question 4. What are the objectives of mock drill? Answer: Objectives of Mock Drill:

  • To evaluate the response of the people to the disaster.
  • To improve the coordination between various departments of disaster control.
  • To identify one’s own abilities if disaster approaches.
  • To improve the ability to quick response to disaster and taking rapid action.
  • To check the competency of the planned actions.
  • To identify the possible errors and risks while dealing with disasters.

Question 5. Write down the names of international organizations that work for disaster management. Answer: Following international organizations work for disaster management.

  • United Nations Disaster Relief Organization
  • United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
  • Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
  • Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
  • World Health Organization.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Question 6. The building in which you are residing ( has caught fire on the ground floor. What necessary rescue steps will you take? (July ’19) Answer:

  • We shall call out for help.
  • We shall immediately call fire brigade.
  • We shall try to extinguish fire with the help of other people.
  • We will give first aid to people who are injured, fill the medical help arrives.
  • We will cover our nose and mouth with moist cloth to prevent suffocation.

Write short notes:

Question 1. Pre-disaster management. Answer: The management measures taken before onset of a disaster is called pre-disaster management. In pre-disaster management, complete preparation and planning to face any type of disaster is done. For this purpose, following steps are taken.

  • Identifying the areas where the disaster can strike. Such disaster-prone areas are to be thoroughly studied.
  • Through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps, the information is collected about the intensity of disaster and probable sites of disasters respectively.
  • Special training for disaster management is given to the concerned people.
  • The mass awareness is created about disaster management through training programmes, mass media and internet, etc.

Question 2. Post-disaster management. Answer: The management measures taken after the striking of a disaster is called post-disaster management. Following steps are taken during post-disaster management:

  • Helping the victims of disasters by giving all possible help needed for their survival.
  • Local people are trained to take part in the disaster management so that affected people can be saved rapidly.
  • Establishing the help centres that could provide all the necessary help. Such centres will be different in case of different disasters.
  • Collection and categorization of the material received from control centre for helping the victims. Distributing the same and reviewing the measures continuously.
  • Disaster rescue programmes are mainly focused.

Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 15

  • Figure A indicates inflammable substances. They can catch fire if they come in contact with oxygen-rich air.
  • Figure B indicates corrosive substances which can cause damage to tissues of skin, eyes and other delicate organs etc.
  • Both the symbols are warning signs for people to keep away or handle carefully such substances.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 16

Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:

(Capability, Rehabilitation, Commodities, Human, objectives, normalcy, amusements) The ………. of disaster management comprise of the following aspects …………. life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential ……….. by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to ………… of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop ………… among the people to face any possible disasters in future. Answer: The objectives of disaster management, comprise of the following aspects. Human life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential commodities by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to normalcy . Rehabilitation of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop capability among the people to face any possible disasters in future.

Paragraph based questions:

1. Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below: Disasters can be properly classified into three categories, viz. natural disasters, technological disasters and man-made disasters. The forces that cause natural disasters cannot be controlled. Moreover, they are becoming more frequent in the current years due to phenomena of climate change. On and off incidences of cyclones, cloud bursting, floods, etc. am creating havoc in the lives of people. Technological disasters are due to improper and callous behaviour at the different processes carried out in technical establishments. Man-made disasters are conflicts arising due to different religions, regions and-terrorism.

Questions and Answers:

Question 1. What are three broad areas of disasters? Answer: Natural disasters, technological disasters and manmade disasters are three broad areas of disasters.

Question 2. Which disasters cannot be controlled? Why? Answer: Natural disasters cannot be controlled as they are due to natural phenomena beyond the human power to stop them.

Question 3. Which type of disasters were very common in Western Maharashtra in recent times? Why? Answer: Cloud bursting and floods were very common in Western Maharashtra caused due to climate change.

Question 4. Give any one example of technological disaster that shook the entire India. Answer: Bhopal gas tragedy that occurred in 1984 was a worst disaster that shook the entire India.

Question 5. Which types of disasters can be controlled in order to lead happy, peaceful and secured life? How? Answer: We have to control manmade disasters such as wars, riots, terrorism, etc. by having peaceful negotiations, respect for each human being and feeling of brotherhood among all.

Questions based on tables and charts:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 17

Activity based questions:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 19

(ii) Which primary precautions will you take in case of disaster shown in ‘A’? Answer: In the above disasters, the initial precautions to be taken are as follows : Earthquake: In case of earthquake, one should immediately come out of house and stand in the open ground. If this is not possible, one has to go below table or any other cover. During collapse of the building, there should not be a head injury. This precaution is basically for prevention of dangerous injuries and saving our life. Switch off the power supply. If in journey, stay inside the vehicle.

(iii) Which type of first-aid is offered to the injured people in disaster ‘B’? Answer: First aid given to burn victim:

  • The person who is injured by fire should be dotised with cold water on his/her body. This will extinguish fire and give some relief caused due to inflammation. Do not break the blisters. Give water to drink.
  • Cover the burnt part by wet and moist cloth. Wash the wounds with antiseptic solution.
  • If the person is severely burnt, transfer him/her immediately to hospital.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management 20

Project 1. Can you tell? ( Textbook page no. 118) Whether there had been mock drill by fire fighters under the disaster management scheme in your school? Which techniques did you see during the drill?

Project 2. Try this: (Textbook page no. 115) Which factors will you consider while designing the pre-disaster management plan for your school/home? Prepare a survey report with the help of your teacher.

Project 3. Get information: (1) Visit the district collector or Taluka Tehasildar office and collect the information about disaster management. (Textbook page no. 115) (2) Meet the medical officer/doctor from your village and collect information about providing the first aid. (Textbook page no. 118)

Project 4. Internet is my friend: (1) Search for the video clips of disasters. Discuss in your class about effects of disasters and remedies over it. (Textbook page no. 110) (2) Find out more about the activities of international organizations that work for disaster management. (Textbook page no. 116) 1. United Nations Disaster Relief Organization. 2. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. 3. Asian Disaster Reduction Centre. 4. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre. 5. World Health Organization. 6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

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  • Earth Science

Protection Against Earthquake

Earthquakes are highly destructive natural disasters, leading to significant loss of life and extensive damage to property on a global scale each year. In response, the disaster management committee has implemented various safety measures to minimize the devastating effects of these catastrophic events. Developing effective strategies and promoting disaster management awareness is paramount in mitigating the impact of earthquakes and ensuring our safety. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of earthquakes, including their causes and effects, along with detailed instructions on how to respond during and after an earthquake.

What is an Earthquake?

An earthquake refers to the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by a sudden release of energy within the earth’s crust. This release of energy generates seismic waves, commonly known as S waves. The intensity and characteristics of an earthquake are determined by the seismic activities occurring in a specific region.

Earthquake

During an earthquake, the stored energy accumulated within the earth’s crust is suddenly released, leading to the rapid movement and displacement of rock masses along fault lines. This movement produces vibrations that propagate through the earth in the form of seismic waves. The two primary types of seismic waves are S (secondary) and P (primary) waves .

S waves, also called shear waves, travel through the earth by causing particles to move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. These waves are responsible for the side-to-side shaking motion experienced during an earthquake. On the other hand, P waves, or compression waves, cause particles to move in the same direction as the wave propagation. P waves are the first detected during an earthquake and are responsible for the initial abrupt jolts.

Understanding the nature of earthquakes and the behaviour of seismic waves is crucial for assessing the potential risks associated with these natural disasters. It enables scientists and experts to study seismic patterns, develop early warning systems, establish building codes for earthquake-resistant structures and educate communities on preparedness and response measures.

What Causes an Earthquake?

Earthquakes occur due to sudden tectonic movements within the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s crust is divided into large sections called tectonic plates , which float on the semi-fluid layer known as the asthenosphere. These plates are constantly in motion, albeit very slowly.

When two tectonic plates interact, various types of boundaries can form, such as convergent and divergent and transform boundaries. The most powerful and destructive earthquakes typically occur at convergent boundaries, where two plates collide or slide past each other.

At a convergent boundary, one tectonic plate may be forced beneath another in a process called subduction. As the plates collide or slide past each other, immense pressure and friction build-up. Eventually, the stress becomes too great, causing the rocks along the plate boundaries to break and slip. This sudden release of stored energy generates seismic waves, resulting in an earthquake.

Convergent Boundary

In addition to tectonic movements, other geological activities can also trigger earthquakes. Volcanic activity, for instance, can cause earthquakes when magma rises through the Earth’s crust, creating pressure and fracturing the rocks around the volcano. The disturbances caused by these movements and ruptures within the Earth’s crust generate vibrations that propagate in all directions, shaking the ground. These vibrations are the seismic waves that travel through the Earth and are detected by seismographs.

It’s important to note that the build-up of stress and the subsequent release of energy in the form of shock waves are the fundamental mechanisms behind earthquakes. The magnitude or strength of an earthquake is determined by the amount of energy released during this process.

Delve Deeper into the Causes of Earthquakes

We present to you an insightful video that explores the fascinating mechanisms behind seismic activity. By watching this video, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of how earthquakes are caused and the factors that contribute to their occurrence.

assignment on disaster management class 10

What to do During an Earthquake?

When it comes to earthquakes, being prepared can make all the difference. Here are some essential steps to take before the disaster strikes:

Before the Earthquake

precautions to take before the earthquake

  • Make Connections Flexible

Ensure that gas lines and appliances are properly installed with flexible connections. This helps prevent gas leaks and reduces the risk of fire hazards during an earthquake.

  • Create an Earthquake Readiness Plan

Develop a well-thought-out plan that includes identifying a shelter area in your home. Stock up on essential supplies such as canned food, a well-stocked first aid kit, ample water, dust masks, goggles, firefighting equipment, a flashlight and a working battery-operated radio. These provisions will prove invaluable in the event of an earthquake.

  • Consult Architects and Structural Engineers

Building sturdy structures is vital for minimizing earthquake damage and ensuring the safety of occupants. If you reside in an earthquake-prone area, it’s crucial to consult with architects and structural engineers before constructing buildings. They can guide you in implementing the necessary measures and adhering to regulations set by the disaster management committee.

  • Spread Awareness

Share the knowledge and importance of earthquake preparedness with your friends and family. By educating those around you, you contribute to creating a safer community.

During the Earthquake

precautions to take during the earthquake

When an earthquake strikes, quick thinking and appropriate actions can save lives. Here are some important guidelines to follow:

  • Stay Indoors

Remain indoors until the shaking stops and it is officially announced that it is safe to exit. Taking cover beneath a sturdy table or bed can provide vital protection against falling objects.

  • Avoid Hazardous Areas

Steer clear of bookcases, heavy furniture and appliances that may topple over during the earthquake. Your safety should always be the top priority.

  • Find a Safe Spot

Seek shelter under a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a table or bed. Hold on to a post or any other fixture to maintain stability and minimize the risk of injury.

  • If Outdoors, Move to an Open Area

If you are outside when the earthquake occurs, find a clear spot away from buildings, trees and power lines. These objects pose a significant danger during seismic activity.

After the Earthquake

precautions to take after the earthquake

Once the earthquake subsides, it’s important to proceed with caution and take the following measures:

  • Administer First Aid

Attend to individuals with minor injuries using first aid kits. For those with more severe injuries, it’s essential to wait for professional medical help and avoid moving them until it is safe.

  • CPR and Rescue Breathing

If someone is not breathing, administer rescue breathing. If the person has no pulse, perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) until medical assistance arrives.

  • Be Mindful of Hazards

Attend any tumbling shelves or falling items and be cautious around damaged walls made of bricks or other unstable materials. Your safety should be a priority.

  • Check Gas and Power Connections

Inspect gas valves for leaks and turn off the main power switch if damage is possible. Unplug broken appliances until they can be properly repaired.

  • Stay Clear of Power Lines

Keep a safe distance from downed power lines and any objects or appliances in contact with them. Electricity poses a significant risk, so exercise caution.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure your safety and the well-being of those around you during and after an earthquake. Remember, preparedness and knowledge are key to effectively managing these natural disasters. Stay informed and stay safe!

Enhancing Preparedness with Disaster Management

In times of uncertainty, being equipped with the knowledge and strategies to navigate through natural disasters is crucial. In this section, we present an insightful video that sheds light on the broader concept of disaster management and its significance during both predicted and unpredictable calamities.

assignment on disaster management class 10

What are the Effects of an Earthquake?

Earthquake

Earthquakes can have a wide range of effects, varying in severity depending on factors such as the quake’s magnitude, the depth of its epicentre and the local geology. Here are some of the primary effects caused by earthquakes:

  • Ground Shaking: When an earthquake occurs, the release of energy creates seismic waves that cause the ground to shake. The intensity of the shaking can vary depending on factors such as the magnitude of the earthquake, the distance from the epicentre and the local geology. Areas closer to the epicentre usually experience more intense shaking, which can significantly damage structures and infrastructure.
  • Damage to Man-Made Structures: One of the most noticeable effects of an earthquake is the damage it can cause to buildings, bridges, roads and other man-made structures. The shaking can lead to structural failure, collapse and extensive damage, especially if the buildings are not designed or constructed to withstand seismic activity. The severity of the damage depends on factors such as the quality of construction, adherence to building codes and proximity to the epicentre.
  • Fires and Hazardous Chemical Spills: Earthquakes can trigger secondary hazards, such as fires and hazardous material spills. The violent shaking can rupture gas pipelines, damage electrical systems and disrupt infrastructure, leading to the ignition of fires. Additionally, earthquakes can cause the release of hazardous chemicals stored in industrial facilities, posing risks to human health and the environment. These secondary effects can further exacerbate the impact of an earthquake and complicate rescue and recovery efforts.
  • Landslides and Avalanches: In areas with steep slopes or unstable terrain, earthquakes can trigger landslides and avalanches. The shaking can destabilize slopes, causing rocks, soil and debris to slide downhill. Landslides can damage structures, block roads and even bury entire communities, leading to additional casualties and hindering rescue and relief operations access.
  • Tsunamis: Underwater earthquakes can generate tsunamis, particularly those occurring along tectonic plate boundaries. These massive ocean waves can travel long distances, reaching coastal areas and causing devastating flooding. Tsunamis pose a significant threat to coastal communities and can result in widespread destruction and loss of life.

Understanding the potential effects of earthquakes is crucial for implementing appropriate mitigation measures and developing effective disaster response plans. It is important to note that these are just some of the effects that earthquakes can have. The severity and extent of these effects depend on various factors, including the earthquake’s characteristics, the impacted area’s location and the affected communities’ preparedness and resilience.

Understanding Seismograph and the Richter scale

A seismograph and the Richter scale are essential tools used in seismology to understand and characterise earthquakes. While they are related to each other, they serve different purposes. Here’s an elaboration on the difference between a seismograph and the richter scale.

Seismograph

Seismograph

  • A seismograph is a device used to measure and record the vibrations or ground motions caused by earthquakes. 
  • It consists of a ground motion sensor, typically a mass attached to a fixed base and a recording system that captures the movements detected by the sensor. 
  • Seismographs are essential in monitoring seismic activity, as they provide valuable data about the intensity, duration and frequency of ground shaking. 
  • By analyzing the recorded seismograms, scientists can determine various characteristics of an earthquake, such as its magnitude, location and focal depth.
  • Seismographs also detect other seismic events, such as volcanic eruptions and underground explosions.

Richter scale

  • The Richter scale, developed by Charles F. Richter in the 1930s, is a numerical scale used to quantify the magnitude or strength of an earthquake.
  •  It measures the energy released during an earthquake by analyzing the amplitude of seismic waves recorded on seismographs. 
  • The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number increase on the scale corresponds to a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves and approximately 31.6 times more energy released. For example, a magnitude six earthquake releases about 31.6 times more energy than a magnitude five earthquake. 
  • The Richter scale provides a standardized measurement for consistent comparison of worldwide earthquake magnitudes.

Difference Between Seismograph and Richter scale

In summary, a seismograph is a device used to measure and record the ground motions caused by earthquakes. The Seismograph provides the data necessary to calculate the magnitude of an earthquake, which is then represented on the Richter scale. At the same time, the Richter scale is a numerical scale used to quantify the energy released during an earthquake. Together, these tools help seismologists and scientists better understand and characterise seismic events, enabling them to assess the impact and potential hazards associated with earthquakes.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What is an earthquake.

An earthquake is shaking the Earth’s surface caused by a sudden release of energy within the Earth’s crust. It generates seismic waves, commonly known as S waves, and its intensity and characteristics are determined by the seismic activities occurring in a specific region.

What causes an earthquake?

Earthquakes occur due to sudden tectonic movements within the Earth’s crust. These movements result from interactions between tectonic plates, large sections of the Earth’s crust that float on the semi-fluid layer known as the asthenosphere. When stress along plate boundaries becomes too great, rocks along the boundaries break and slip, releasing stored energy and generating seismic waves.

What should I do during an earthquake?

It is important to take appropriate actions during an earthquake to ensure safety. Some key steps to follow include staying indoors, taking cover under a sturdy piece of furniture, avoiding hazardous areas, and, if outdoors, moving to an open area away from buildings, trees and power lines.

What should I do before an earthquake?

What are the effects of an earthquake.

Earthquakes can have various effects, including ground shaking, damage to man-made structures, fires and hazardous chemical spills, landslides and avalanches and the generation of tsunamis in coastal areas. The severity of these effects depends on factors such as the earthquake’s magnitude, depth and local geology.

What is the difference between a seismograph and the Richter scale?

A seismograph is a device used to measure and record the vibrations or ground motions caused by earthquakes. It provides the data necessary to calculate the magnitude of an earthquake. On the other hand, the Richter scale is a numerical scale used to quantify the energy released during an earthquake. It provides a standardized measurement for comparing earthquake magnitudes worldwide.

Related Topics and Educational Videos

In addition to understanding earthquakes and their impact, exploring related topics that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of natural disasters and their effects is valuable. The following collection of educational videos offers insights into various topics, including volcanic eruptions, drought and famine, types of disasters, landslides and cyclones. By watching these videos, you can broaden your knowledge and understand the interconnectedness of Earth’s natural processes.

Types of Disasters Video

assignment on disaster management class 10

Natural and Man-made Disasters

assignment on disaster management class 10

How do Volcanoes Erupt?

assignment on disaster management class 10

What causes Drought and Famine?

assignment on disaster management class 10

What causes Landslides?

assignment on disaster management class 10

What causes cyclones?

assignment on disaster management class 10

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assignment on disaster management class 10

1 ) Some of the main …………… disasters are floods, wet and dry famine, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. These are ‘all of a sudden’ troubles to mankind. A ) Artificial B ) Man-made C ) Natural Ans C ) Natural

2 ) Identify the sign. A ) Flammable material B ) Explosive material C ) Toxic material D ) Corrosive material Ans C ) Toxic material

3 ) Disasters has no effect on the economy of the nation. A ) True B ) False Ans B ) False

4 ) Identify the sign. A ) Flammable material B ) Explosive material C ) Toxic material D ) Corrosive material Ans B ) Explosive material

5 ) Man-made (international) disaster. A ) Sunspots B ) Terrorism C ) Plague D ) Alkalization Ans B ) Terrorism

6 ) Disasters making an impact for a long duration are those whose after-effects are either severe or …………….. with time. A ) Decreases B ) Increases C ) Reduces Ans B ) Increases

7 ) Give the example of a Catastrophic disaster. A ) Cyclones B ) Strikes of workers C ) Rising levels of oceans D ) Esertification Ans A ) Cyclones

8 ) Tell the cause in the picture below: A ) Erosion B ) Improper maintenance C ) Water clogging D ) Plague Ans C ) Water clogging

9 ) Clearing of debris, restoring water supply, repairing roads, etc is done so that it helps to bring normalcy in public life in …………… phase. A ) Transitional phase B ) Reconstruction phase C ) Phase of emergency Ans A ) Transitional phase

10 ) Disasters making an impact for a long duration or disasters whose frequency increases with time A ) Rising levels of oceans B ) Earthquake C ) Cyclones D ) None of the above      Ans A ) Rising levels of oceans

11 ) A B i. Decrease in productivity a. Medical ii. Shortage of facilities b. Economic iii. Decomposing corpses of humans c. Administrative iv. Death of victims d. Environmental A ) i. Decrease in productivity Administrative ii. Shortage of facilities Medical iii. Decomposing corpses of humans Environmental iv. Death of victims Economic B ) i. Decrease in productivity Economic ii. Shortage of facilities Administrative iii. Decomposing corpses of humans Environmental iv. Death of victims Medical Ans B ) i. Decrease in productivity Economic ii. Shortage of facilities Administrative iii. Decomposing corpses of humans Environmental iv. Death of victims Medical

12 ) Disaster may be minor or major, short-time or long-time, it should be overcome and effective …………… is necessary for it. A ) Disaster management B ) Management phase C ) Developmental phase Ans A ) Disaster management

13 ) Identify the sign. A ) General danger B ) Laser beam C ) Oxidant material D ) Non-ionizing radiation Ans C ) Oxidant material

14 ) Event Disaster i. Partial or complete collapsing of buildings a. Medical ii. Death of victims b. Economic iii. Sudden increase in fund expenditure c. Environmental iv. Collapsing transport system d. Administrative A ) i – a, ii – c, iii – d, iv – b B ) i – c, ii – a, iii – b, iv – d C ) i – d, ii – c, iii – b, iv – a D ) i – b, ii – d, iii – c, iv – a Ans B ) i – c, ii – a, iii – b, iv – d

15 ) There is a close relationship between disaster management and …………… A ) Government support B ) Government management C ) Public participation D ) Disaster occurring Ans C ) Public participation

16 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management or b) post-disaster management Identifying the pre-disaster areas. A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans A ) Pre-disaster management

17 ) Important character of this phase is that maximum lives can be saved by quick actions during …………… phase. A ) Phase of emergency B ) Phase of reconstruction C ) Phase of transition Ans A ) Phase of emergency

18 ) Which isn’t the aspect of disaster for common citizens? A ) Phase of emergency B ) Transitional phase C ) Phase of reconstruction D ) Phase of medical support Ans D ) Phase of medical support

1 9 ) In case of any disasters in school what should be followed? Follow the …………… rules. Look at the left and right sides while crossing the road and ensure that any vehicle in not passing by. A ) Traffic B ) Crossing C ) Road Ans A ) Traffic

20 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management               or       b) post-disaster management Collecting the information about the intensity of disaster and probable sites of disasters through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps respectively A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans A ) Pre-disaster management

21 ) Give the example of the Most commonly occurring natural disaster. A ) Desertification B ) Wet and dry famine C ) Cyclones D ) Plagues    Ans B ) Wet and dry famine

22 ) Biological (plants) disaster. A ) Atomic bomb testing B ) Cholera C ) Landslides D ) Fungal disease spreading, weed Ans D ) Fungal disease spreading, weed

23 ) Environment is also damaged due to the use of natural resources for our development. This leads to sudden disasters, unexpected to humans. These can be called…………… disasters. A ) Natural B ) Man-made C ) Resource Ans B ) Man-made

24 ) Headquarters of the National Disaster Response Force are in …………… A ) Mumbai B ) Punjab C ) Chandigarh D ) Delhi Ans D ) Delhi

25 ) Disaster management can be divided into two parts …………… and …………… A ) Pre-disaster management, Post-disaster management B ) Pro-disaster management, Post-disaster management C ) Pre-disaster management, Pro-disaster management D ) Before-disaster management, Pre-disaster management Ans A ) Pre-disaster management, Post-disaster management

26 ) …………… is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. A ) Reliance B ) Resurgence C ) Reassurance Ans B ) Resurgence

27 ) …………… is a very fast process, in fact, it is an accident. A ) Disaster B ) Incident C ) Problem D ) Trouble Ans A ) Disaster

28 ) Identify the sign. A ) Flammable material B ) Explosive material C ) Toxic material D ) Corrosive material Ans D ) Corrosive material

29 ) An example of radiation leakage …………… A ) India B ) Russia C ) USA D ) Canada Ans B ) Russia

30 ) ……………is a practice to check the preparedness of facing a disaster as early as possible. A ) Disaster test B ) D-drill C ) Mock Drill Ans C ) Mock Drill

31 ) Mock drill includes which of the following activities? A ) Demonstrations like extinguishing the fire B ) Rescuing the people trapped on higher floors of buildings C ) Rescuing the persons whose clothing has cached the fire D ) All of the above Ans D ) All of the above

32 ) Village level Committee Chairman …………… A ) Tahsildar B ) Nagarsevak C ) Sarpanch Ans C ) Sarpanch

33 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management or b) post-disaster management Getting special training for disaster management A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans A ) Pre-disaster management

34 ) Variously dangerous events occur many times in the environment. Those are called as …………… A ) Disasters B ) Accidents C ) Incidents D ) Problems

Ans A ) Disasters

35 ) Name a few international organizations that work for disaster management? A ) United Nations Disaster Relief Organization B ) United Nations Centre for Human Settlements C ) Asian Disaster Reduction Centre. D ) All of the above Ans D ) All of the above

36 ) Collapsing of bridges, flooding of coastal villages, and shortage of food are some of the problems of …………… A ) Endemic B ) Floods. C ) Plague D ) Erosion Ans B ) Floods.

37 ) If the local leadership is not strong, in the face of disaster entire system could collapse. A ) True B ) False Ans A ) True

38 )          A                                      B                                                                                                             i. Hepatitis                       a. Geological     ii. Fungal infection           b. Man-made     iii. Earthquakes               c. Plants     iv. Wars                           d. Animals A ) i. Hepatitis Animals ii. Fungal infection Plants iii. Earthquakes Geological iv. Wars Man-made B ) i. Hepatitis Geological ii. Fungal infection Plants iii. Earthquakes Animals iv. Wars Man-made Ans A ) i. Hepatitis Animals ii. Fungal infection Plants iii. Earthquakes Geological iv. Wars Man-made

39 ) …………… is an important link between measures after a disaster and national development, and is useful for progress of the nation and rehabilitation. A ) Restoration B ) Prevention C ) Reassurance Ans A ) Restoration

40 ) Action of National Disaster Response Force is all over the country with the help of …………… A ) Navy B ) Air force C ) Army Ans C ) Army

41 ) Production and use of harmful chemicals is under …………… in developed countries. A ) Production B ) Support C ) Ban D ) Generation Ans C ) Ban

42 ) ……………. divisions of National Disaster Response Force are working in the country. A ) 12 B ) 29 C ) 28 D ) 7 Ans A ) 12

43 ) Resurgence is a stage used for the welfare and …………… of the nation. A ) Settlement B ) Construction C ) Rehabilitation D ) Benefit Ans C ) Rehabilitation

44 ) Impact of disaster implies …………… of disaster. A ) Prevention B ) Intensity C ) Reason Ans B ) Intensity

45 ) Disasters are never planned but losses due it can be …………… in a planned manner. A ) Ignored B ) Doubled C ) Recovering D ) Prevented    Ans D ) Prevented

46 ) Disasters is caused due to use of natural resources A ) Natural B ) Man-made C ) Prolonging D ) Resourceful Ans B ) Man-made

47 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management or b) post-disaster management Providing all types of necessary help to victims of disasters. A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans B ) Post-disaster management

48 ) Biological (animals) disaster. A ) Infectious viruses B ) Erosion C ) Landfall D ) Cyclones Ans A ) Infectious viruses

49 ) Observe the following images and tell the disaster. A ) Floods B ) Earthquakes C ) Malaria D ) Weed Ans A ) Floods

50 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management or b) post-disaster management Being always prepared for disaster rescue A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans B ) Post-disaster management

51 ) Mock drill is arranged on the disaster of fire in various schools by the …………… A ) Fire supporters B ) Fire ignitors C ) Firefighters Ans C ) Firefighters

52 ) In case of any disasters in school what should be followed? Do not make chaos at the …………… places. A ) Open B ) Empty C ) Crowded Ans C ) Crowded

53 ) Categorize the following steps in a) pre-disaster management or       b) post-disaster management Increasing awareness about disaster management among the general public through training programs, mass media etc. A ) Pre-disaster management B ) Post-disaster management Ans A ) Pre-disaster management

54 ) A B i. First aid a. Reconstruction phase ii. Clearing of debris b. Phase of emergency iii. Farming practices restarted c. Transitional phase A ) i. First aid Transitional phase ii. Clearing of debris Phase of emergency iii. Farming practices restarted Reconstruction phase B ) i. First aid Phase of emergency ii. Clearing of debris Transitional phase iii. Farming practices restarted Reconstruction phase Ans B ) i. First aid Phase of emergency ii. Clearing of debris Transitional phase iii. Farming practices restarted Reconstruction phase

55 ) Geophysical (atmospheric) disaster. A ) Tsunami B ) Malaria C ) Hot and cold waves D ) Volcano Ans: C ) Hot and cold waves

56 ) In case of any disasters in school what should be followed? Do not touch any …………… object . A ) Known B ) Claimed C ) Unclaimed Ans C ) Unclaimed

57 ) Period of each disaster is ……………. Some disasters are short-term whereas some are long-term. A ) Same B ) Even C ) Not the same Ans C ) Not same

58 ) A B i. Terrorism a. Plants ii. Floods b. Man-made iii. Weeds c. Animals iv. Malaria d. Atmospheric A ) i. Terrorism Plants ii. Floods Atmospheric iii. Weeds Man-made iv. Malaria Animals B ) i. Terrorism Man-made ii. Floods Atmospheric iii. Weeds Plants iv. Malaria Animals Ans B ) i. Terrorism Man-made ii. Floods Atmospheric iii. Weeds Plants iv. Malaria Animals

59 ) What occurs suddenly, cannot be predicted, and may lead to huge loss of life and property? A ) Catastrophe B ) Disaster C ) Accidents Ans B ) Disaster

60 ) People reconstruct their buildings and facilities like roads and water supply are restored in ………….. phase. A ) Phase of emergency B ) Reconstruction phase C ) Transitional phase Ans B ) Reconstruction phase

61 ) Man made (unknown) disaster. A ) Hepatitis B ) Meteorites C ) Poisonous gases D ) Weed Ans C ) Poisonous gases

62 ) Identify the sign. A ) Product containing explosive material B ) Product that causes less severe health effects C ) Product hazardous to aquatic life D ) Product capable of corroding Ans B ) Product that causes less severe health effects

63 ) Geophysical ( geological) disaster. A ) Earthquakes B ) Floods C ) Snowstorms D ) Plague Ans A ) Earthquakes

64 ) Collapsing of houses, and developing cracks in the land are some of the effects of …………… A ) Earthquake B ) Flooding C ) Cyclones D ) Alkalization Ans A ) Earthquake

65 )             A                                             B i. Search and rescue operations    a. Reconstruction phase ii. Monetary offers to victim            b. Phase of emergency iii. Water supply reconstructed      c. Transitional phase A ) i. Search and rescue operations Phase of emergency ii. Monetary offers to victim Transitional phase iii. Water supply reconstructed Reconstruction phase B ) i i. Search and rescue operations Phase of emergency ii ii. Monetary offers to victim Reconstruction phase ii iii. Water supply reconstructed Transitional phase Ans A ) i. Search and rescue operations       Phase of emergency ii. Monetary offers to victim              Transitional phase iii. Water supply reconstructed         Reconstruction phase

66 ) …………… to the disaster is to be given immediately after the incident. A ) Aid B ) Cure C ) Response D ) Reply Ans C ) Response

67 ) The disaster management authority that is in contact with the direct public is …………… A ) Village-level Committee B ) Sarpanch C ) Branch Committee Ans A ) Village-level Committee

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IGNOU: BPAG-171 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 (DISASTER MANAGEMENT)

  • 1 Assignment A
  • 2 Answer the following in about 500 words each.
  • 3 1. Define vulnerability and various factors that cause it.
  • 4 2. Briefly discuss the relationship between disaster and development.
  • 5 Assignment B
  • 6 Answer the following in about 250 words each.
  • 7 3. Write a note on the National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009 and National Disaster Management Plan, 2016.
  • 8 4. List out the statutory provisions for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction.
  • 9 5. Examine the case study of ‘The Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004.’
  • 10 Assignment C
  • 11 Answer the following in about 100 words each.
  • 12 6. What do you mean by epidemics?
  • 13 7. Discuss the key components of disaster preparedness framework.
  • 14 8. Comment on the concept of social and economic rehabilitation.
  • 15 9. Write a note on the types of traditional knowledge.
  • 16.1 How to Download BPAG-171 Solved Assignment?
  • 16.2 Is the BPAS BPAG-171 Solved Assignment Free?
  • 16.3 What is the last submission date for BPAG-171 Solved Assignment?

Welcome to the complete solution guide for IGNOU BPAG-171 Solved Assignment 2022-2023. This assignment will provide you with comprehensive answers to all the questions in the course material, helping you to score better grades and gain a deeper understanding of the subject. Whether you are a student enrolled in the program or just looking to improve your knowledge, this resource is perfect for you.

BPAG-171 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Assignment A

Answer the following in about 500 words each., 1. define vulnerability and various factors that cause it..

Ans: Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility or exposure to harm or damage. It can refer to physical, emotional, or psychological weaknesses, as well as to gaps or flaws in systems, processes, or structures that can be exploited or attacked. Vulnerability can arise from a variety of factors, including but not limited to:

  • Physical or mental health conditions: Physical or mental illnesses or disabilities can leave a person vulnerable to harm, neglect, or abuse.
  • Poverty or financial insecurity: People who struggle to make ends meet or who live in poverty are often more vulnerable to exploitation, crime, or other forms of harm.
  • Social or cultural factors: Vulnerability can also result from social or cultural factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or religion, which can make a person more susceptible to discrimination, prejudice, or violence.
  • Age: Older adults, children, and the elderly are often seen as more vulnerable due to declining physical or mental abilities, social isolation, or limited access to resources.
  • Geography: People living in certain geographic areas, such as natural disaster zones or conflict-prone regions, are often more vulnerable to harm or displacement.
  • Political or economic instability: Political or economic instability can also increase vulnerability, especially for marginalized or minority populations.
  • Technology: As technology becomes increasingly central to our daily lives, so too does the potential for cyber attacks, data breaches, and other forms of technological vulnerability.
  • Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as climate change or pollution can increase vulnerability by affecting access to resources, health, and well-being.
  • Personal choices or circumstances: Personal choices or circumstances, such as substance abuse or involvement in criminal activities, can also increase vulnerability.

It is important to note that vulnerability is often interrelated and can compound over time. For example, a person living in poverty may be more vulnerable to health problems, which in turn can increase their vulnerability to exploitation or abuse.

2. Briefly discuss the relationship between disaster and development.

Ans: Disaster and development are two concepts that are closely intertwined, with one often having a significant impact on the other. In many cases, disasters can have a devastating effect on development efforts, reversing gains made and setting back progress. On the other hand, disaster risk reduction and resilience can be considered a key component of sustainable development.

Disasters have both direct and indirect impacts on development. Direct impacts include physical destruction of infrastructure, loss of lives, and disruption of economic activities. Indirect impacts can be just as severe, including the displacement of populations, loss of livelihoods, and long-term economic and social disruption. These impacts can have a ripple effect, undermining years of development work and leaving communities vulnerable to future disasters.

However, disasters can also present opportunities for development. For instance, the aftermath of a disaster can provide a unique window of opportunity to build back better and stronger, incorporating disaster risk reduction measures into development planning and implementation. This not only helps reduce the risk of future disasters, but also contributes to sustainable development.

Incorporating disaster risk reduction into development planning is critical for ensuring that development is sustainable and resilient. This includes investing in infrastructure and services that are resilient to disaster, building the capacities of communities and governments to prepare for and respond to disasters, and strengthening governance and institutions to better manage disaster risk.

Another important aspect of the relationship between disaster and development is the role of aid and financing. Aid and financing can play a critical role in supporting disaster-affected communities, but they can also have unintended consequences, such as hindering local ownership and sustainability. As such, it is important to ensure that aid and financing are aligned with local development goals and strategies, and that they support local capacities and institutions.

Assignment B

Answer the following in about 250 words each., 3. write a note on the national policy on disaster management, 2009 and national disaster management plan, 2016..

Ans: The National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009 and the National Disaster Management Plan, 2016 are two important documents that outline India’s approach to disaster management.

The National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009 provides a comprehensive framework for disaster management in India, encompassing the full spectrum of activities from preparedness and risk reduction to response, relief, and recovery. The policy recognizes the importance of community-based disaster risk management, strengthens the role of the government in disaster management, and encourages multi-stakeholder partnerships and collaboration.

The National Disaster Management Plan, 2016, on the other hand, provides a detailed plan of action for disaster management in India, covering all phases of the disaster management cycle, including preparedness, response, and recovery. The plan is based on the principles of risk reduction, preparedness, response, and recovery, and is intended to serve as a blueprint for action at all levels of government, including local, state, and national.

Both the National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009 and the National Disaster Management Plan, 2016 play an important role in guiding and directing disaster management efforts in India. They provide a comprehensive framework for disaster management and help to ensure that disaster management efforts are effective, efficient, and consistent across the country.

4. List out the statutory provisions for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction.

Ans: There are several statutory provisions for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR) into development planning and implementation, including:

  • The Disaster Management Act, 2005: This act provides the legal framework for disaster management in India, including provisions for DRR, emergency response, and recovery efforts. The act establishes the National Disaster Management Authority and State Disaster Management Authorities, which are responsible for implementing DRR policies and programs.
  • National Disaster Management Plan, 2016: The National Disaster Management Plan outlines India’s approach to DRR and provides a comprehensive plan of action for disaster management, covering all phases of the disaster management cycle, including preparedness, response, and recovery.
  • National Building Code, 2016: This code provides guidelines for the construction of buildings and infrastructure, including provisions for ensuring that they are disaster-resistant and resilient.
  • Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994: This notification requires that all development projects undergo an environmental impact assessment, including a risk assessment for disasters, and that mitigation measures be incorporated into the project design.
  • National Land Use Policy, 2011: This policy provides guidelines for the sustainable use of land, including provisions for reducing disaster risk and incorporating DRR into land-use planning and decision-making.
  • National Water Policy, 2012: This policy provides guidelines for the sustainable use of water resources, including provisions for reducing disaster risk and incorporating DRR into water-resource management.
  • National Forest Policy, 1988: This policy provides guidelines for the sustainable management of forests, including provisions for reducing disaster risk and incorporating DRR into forest management and conservation.

These statutory provisions for DRR help to ensure that disaster risk is considered in all phases of development planning and implementation, from project design to implementation and monitoring. They are critical for reducing the risk of disasters and ensuring that development efforts are sustainable and resilient.

5. Examine the case study of ‘The Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004.’

Ans: The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 is a powerful case study of the devastating impact that natural disasters can have on communities and the importance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures. On December 26, 2004, a massive earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, generating a huge tsunami that impacted several countries in the Indian Ocean region, including India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Maldives.

The Indian Ocean Tsunami resulted in widespread loss of life and property, with over 230,000 people killed and millions more left homeless. The disaster also had a significant impact on the local economies, with many coastal communities and fishing villages destroyed, leaving residents without livelihoods and access to basic services.

The Indian Ocean Tsunami highlighted the critical importance of DRR measures, including early warning systems, evacuation plans, and risk-informed land use planning, in reducing the impact of disasters. In the aftermath of the disaster, many countries in the region, including India, took steps to enhance their DRR efforts, including the development of early warning systems, risk assessments, and evacuation plans, as well as improved land-use planning and zoning to reduce the risk of future disasters.

Assignment C

Answer the following in about 100 words each., 6. what do you mean by epidemics.

Ans: Epidemics refer to the sudden and rapid spread of a disease within a specific population or geographic area. They occur when the number of new cases of a disease exceeds what is normally expected in a given time period and location. Epidemics can be caused by a variety of factors, including the emergence of new or drug-resistant strains of a disease, inadequate public health infrastructure, and poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. Epidemics can have significant health and social impacts, including widespread illness, hospitalization, and death, as well as economic losses and disruptions to daily life. Effective disease surveillance, preparedness, and response measures are crucial in controlling and preventing epidemics.

7. Discuss the key components of disaster preparedness framework.

A disaster preparedness framework is a comprehensive system that helps communities and organizations prepare for and respond to disasters. The key components of a disaster preparedness framework include:

  • Risk assessment: Understanding the potential risks and hazards faced by a community or organization, including natural, technological, and human-made disasters.
  • Planning: Developing and testing plans for disaster response and recovery, including evacuation plans, communication strategies, and logistics support.
  • Training and drills: Providing training and conducting drills to familiarize personnel with response plans, procedures, and equipment.
  • Resource management: Ensuring the availability of adequate resources, including personnel, equipment, and supplies, to respond to disasters.
  • Public education and outreach: Educating the public on disaster risks and preparedness measures and encouraging them to take proactive steps to prepare for disasters.
  • Monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring the effectiveness of preparedness efforts and evaluating the results to make necessary improvements.

These components work together to build a robust and effective disaster preparedness framework, which is critical in ensuring the safety and well-being of communities and organizations during and after disasters.

8. Comment on the concept of social and economic rehabilitation.

Ans: Social and economic rehabilitation refers to the process of rebuilding and restoring the social and economic fabric of communities affected by disasters or conflicts. This includes activities aimed at restoring essential services, such as healthcare, education, and housing, as well as programs that support the recovery of livelihoods, such as employment and income generation initiatives.

The goal of social and economic rehabilitation is to help communities and individuals recover from the impacts of disasters and conflicts, and return to a state of normalcy as quickly as possible. This involves addressing both immediate needs, such as emergency shelter and food assistance, as well as long-term challenges, such as rebuilding infrastructure and restoring livelihoods.

Effective social and economic rehabilitation requires a coordinated effort between government agencies, non-government organizations, and the affected communities themselves. It is also important to take a comprehensive and inclusive approach, considering the needs of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, and people with disabilities, to ensure that their specific needs are met.

9. Write a note on the types of traditional knowledge.

Ans: Traditional knowledge refers to the cultural and environmental knowledge, skills, and practices passed down from generation to generation within a community. There are various types of traditional knowledge, including:

  • Agricultural knowledge: Knowledge related to traditional agricultural practices, including crop selection, soil management, and pest control.
  • Ecological knowledge: Knowledge of the local environment and its resources, including the use of local flora and fauna for food, medicine, and other purposes.
  • Medicinal knowledge: Knowledge of traditional healing practices, including the use of herbal remedies, massage techniques, and other natural therapies.
  • Spiritual knowledge: Knowledge of traditional beliefs, rituals, and practices related to spirituality, including religious customs and spiritual healing practices.
  • Artistic knowledge: Knowledge of traditional arts, crafts, music, and dance, which are often closely tied to cultural and spiritual practices.

Traditional knowledge is often closely tied to local cultural and environmental conditions, and can provide valuable insights into sustainable development practices. However, traditional knowledge is often under threat from modernization, globalization, and other factors, and efforts are needed to preserve and protect this important cultural heritage.

10. List out the principles of community based disaster management.

Ans: Community-based disaster management (CBDM) is a participatory approach to disaster management that involves communities in the planning and implementation of disaster preparedness and response activities. The principles of CBDM include:

  • Community participation: Encouraging active community involvement in all aspects of disaster management, from risk assessment to recovery and rehabilitation.
  • Empowerment: Empowering communities to take ownership of their own disaster management, including developing and implementing disaster preparedness plans.
  • Inclusiveness: Ensuring that all members of the community, including vulnerable groups such as women, children, and people with disabilities, are involved and represented in disaster management activities.
  • Sustainability: Promoting sustainable disaster management practices that prioritize long-term resilience over short-term solutions.
  • Collaboration: Building partnerships and networks between communities, government agencies, and non-government organizations to enhance disaster management efforts.

By following these principles, CBDM helps to build more resilient communities and ensure that disaster management efforts are community-led, effective, and sustainable.

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Is the BPAS BPAG-171 Solved Assignment Free?

Yes this is absolutely free to download the solved assignment from www.edukar.in

What is the last submission date for BPAG-171 Solved Assignment?

For June Examination: 31st March, For December Examination: 30th September

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    Welcome to the complete solution guide for IGNOU BPAG-171 Solved Assignment 2022-2023. This assignment will provide you with comprehensive answers to all the questions in the course material, helping you to score better grades and gain a deeper understanding of the subject. Whether you are a student enrolled in the program or just looking to ...