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How to Make a PowerPoint Presentation of Your Research Paper

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A research paper presentation is often used at conferences and in other settings where you have an opportunity to share your research, and get feedback from your colleagues. Although it may seem as simple as summarizing your research and sharing your knowledge, successful research paper PowerPoint presentation examples show us that there’s a little bit more than that involved.

In this article, we’ll highlight how to make a PowerPoint presentation from a research paper, and what to include (as well as what NOT to include). We’ll also touch on how to present a research paper at a conference.

Purpose of a Research Paper Presentation

The purpose of presenting your paper at a conference or forum is different from the purpose of conducting your research and writing up your paper. In this setting, you want to highlight your work instead of including every detail of your research. Likewise, a presentation is an excellent opportunity to get direct feedback from your colleagues in the field. But, perhaps the main reason for presenting your research is to spark interest in your work, and entice the audience to read your research paper.

So, yes, your presentation should summarize your work, but it needs to do so in a way that encourages your audience to seek out your work, and share their interest in your work with others. It’s not enough just to present your research dryly, to get information out there. More important is to encourage engagement with you, your research, and your work.

Tips for Creating Your Research Paper Presentation

In addition to basic PowerPoint presentation recommendations, which we’ll cover later in this article, think about the following when you’re putting together your research paper presentation:

  • Know your audience : First and foremost, who are you presenting to? Students? Experts in your field? Potential funders? Non-experts? The truth is that your audience will probably have a bit of a mix of all of the above. So, make sure you keep that in mind as you prepare your presentation.

Know more about: Discover the Target Audience .

  • Your audience is human : In other words, they may be tired, they might be wondering why they’re there, and they will, at some point, be tuning out. So, take steps to help them stay interested in your presentation. You can do that by utilizing effective visuals, summarize your conclusions early, and keep your research easy to understand.
  • Running outline : It’s not IF your audience will drift off, or get lost…it’s WHEN. Keep a running outline, either within the presentation or via a handout. Use visual and verbal clues to highlight where you are in the presentation.
  • Where does your research fit in? You should know of work related to your research, but you don’t have to cite every example. In addition, keep references in your presentation to the end, or in the handout. Your audience is there to hear about your work.
  • Plan B : Anticipate possible questions for your presentation, and prepare slides that answer those specific questions in more detail, but have them at the END of your presentation. You can then jump to them, IF needed.

What Makes a PowerPoint Presentation Effective?

You’ve probably attended a presentation where the presenter reads off of their PowerPoint outline, word for word. Or where the presentation is busy, disorganized, or includes too much information. Here are some simple tips for creating an effective PowerPoint Presentation.

  • Less is more: You want to give enough information to make your audience want to read your paper. So include details, but not too many, and avoid too many formulas and technical jargon.
  • Clean and professional : Avoid excessive colors, distracting backgrounds, font changes, animations, and too many words. Instead of whole paragraphs, bullet points with just a few words to summarize and highlight are best.
  • Know your real-estate : Each slide has a limited amount of space. Use it wisely. Typically one, no more than two points per slide. Balance each slide visually. Utilize illustrations when needed; not extraneously.
  • Keep things visual : Remember, a PowerPoint presentation is a powerful tool to present things visually. Use visual graphs over tables and scientific illustrations over long text. Keep your visuals clean and professional, just like any text you include in your presentation.

Know more about our Scientific Illustrations Services .

Another key to an effective presentation is to practice, practice, and then practice some more. When you’re done with your PowerPoint, go through it with friends and colleagues to see if you need to add (or delete excessive) information. Double and triple check for typos and errors. Know the presentation inside and out, so when you’re in front of your audience, you’ll feel confident and comfortable.

How to Present a Research Paper

If your PowerPoint presentation is solid, and you’ve practiced your presentation, that’s half the battle. Follow the basic advice to keep your audience engaged and interested by making eye contact, encouraging questions, and presenting your information with enthusiasm.

We encourage you to read our articles on how to present a scientific journal article and tips on giving good scientific presentations .

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How to make a scientific presentation

How to make a scientific presentation

Scientific presentation outlines

Questions to ask yourself before you write your talk, 1. how much time do you have, 2. who will you speak to, 3. what do you want the audience to learn from your talk, step 1: outline your presentation, step 2: plan your presentation slides, step 3: make the presentation slides, slide design, text elements, animations and transitions, step 4: practice your presentation, final thoughts, frequently asked questions about preparing scientific presentations, related articles.

A good scientific presentation achieves three things: you communicate the science clearly, your research leaves a lasting impression on your audience, and you enhance your reputation as a scientist.

But, what is the best way to prepare for a scientific presentation? How do you start writing a talk? What details do you include, and what do you leave out?

It’s tempting to launch into making lots of slides. But, starting with the slides can mean you neglect the narrative of your presentation, resulting in an overly detailed, boring talk.

The key to making an engaging scientific presentation is to prepare the narrative of your talk before beginning to construct your presentation slides. Planning your talk will ensure that you tell a clear, compelling scientific story that will engage the audience.

In this guide, you’ll find everything you need to know to make a good oral scientific presentation, including:

  • The different types of oral scientific presentations and how they are delivered;
  • How to outline a scientific presentation;
  • How to make slides for a scientific presentation.

Our advice results from delving into the literature on writing scientific talks and from our own experiences as scientists in giving and listening to presentations. We provide tips and best practices for giving scientific talks in a separate post.

There are two main types of scientific talks:

  • Your talk focuses on a single study . Typically, you tell the story of a single scientific paper. This format is common for short talks at contributed sessions in conferences.
  • Your talk describes multiple studies. You tell the story of multiple scientific papers. It is crucial to have a theme that unites the studies, for example, an overarching question or problem statement, with each study representing specific but different variations of the same theme. Typically, PhD defenses, invited seminars, lectures, or talks for a prospective employer (i.e., “job talks”) fall into this category.

➡️ Learn how to prepare an excellent thesis defense

The length of time you are allotted for your talk will determine whether you will discuss a single study or multiple studies, and which details to include in your story.

The background and interests of your audience will determine the narrative direction of your talk, and what devices you will use to get their attention. Will you be speaking to people specializing in your field, or will the audience also contain people from disciplines other than your own? To reach non-specialists, you will need to discuss the broader implications of your study outside your field.

The needs of the audience will also determine what technical details you will include, and the language you will use. For example, an undergraduate audience will have different needs than an audience of seasoned academics. Students will require a more comprehensive overview of background information and explanations of jargon but will need less technical methodological details.

Your goal is to speak to the majority. But, make your talk accessible to the least knowledgeable person in the room.

This is called the thesis statement, or simply the “take-home message”. Having listened to your talk, what message do you want the audience to take away from your presentation? Describe the main idea in one or two sentences. You want this theme to be present throughout your presentation. Again, the thesis statement will depend on the audience and the type of talk you are giving.

Your thesis statement will drive the narrative for your talk. By deciding the take-home message you want to convince the audience of as a result of listening to your talk, you decide how the story of your talk will flow and how you will navigate its twists and turns. The thesis statement tells you the results you need to show, which subsequently tells you the methods or studies you need to describe, which decides the angle you take in your introduction.

➡️ Learn how to write a thesis statement

The goal of your talk is that the audience leaves afterward with a clear understanding of the key take-away message of your research. To achieve that goal, you need to tell a coherent, logical story that conveys your thesis statement throughout the presentation. You can tell your story through careful preparation of your talk.

Preparation of a scientific presentation involves three separate stages: outlining the scientific narrative, preparing slides, and practicing your delivery. Making the slides of your talk without first planning what you are going to say is inefficient.

Here, we provide a 4 step guide to writing your scientific presentation:

  • Outline your presentation
  • Plan your presentation slides
  • Make the presentation slides
  • Practice your presentation

4 steps for making a scientific presentation.

Writing an outline helps you consider the key pieces of your talk and how they fit together from the beginning, preventing you from forgetting any important details. It also means you avoid changing the order of your slides multiple times, saving you time.

Plan your talk as discrete sections. In the table below, we describe the sections for a single study talk vs. a talk discussing multiple studies:

The following tips apply when writing the outline of a single study talk. You can easily adapt this framework if you are writing a talk discussing multiple studies.

Introduction: Writing the introduction can be the hardest part of writing a talk. And when giving it, it’s the point where you might be at your most nervous. But preparing a good, concise introduction will settle your nerves.

The introduction tells the audience the story of why you studied your topic. A good introduction succinctly achieves four things, in the following order.

  • It gives a broad perspective on the problem or topic for people in the audience who may be outside your discipline (i.e., it explains the big-picture problem motivating your study).
  • It describes why you did the study, and why the audience should care.
  • It gives a brief indication of how your study addressed the problem and provides the necessary background information that the audience needs to understand your work.
  • It indicates what the audience will learn from the talk, and prepares them for what will come next.

A good introduction not only gives the big picture and motivations behind your study but also concisely sets the stage for what the audience will learn from the talk (e.g., the questions your work answers, and/or the hypotheses that your work tests). The end of the introduction will lead to a natural transition to the methods.

Give a broad perspective on the problem. The easiest way to start with the big picture is to think of a hook for the first slide of your presentation. A hook is an opening that gets the audience’s attention and gets them interested in your story. In science, this might take the form of a why, or a how question, or it could be a statement about a major problem or open question in your field. Other examples of hooks include quotes, short anecdotes, or interesting statistics.

Why should the audience care? Next, decide on the angle you are going to take on your hook that links to the thesis of your talk. In other words, you need to set the context, i.e., explain why the audience should care. For example, you may introduce an observation from nature, a pattern in experimental data, or a theory that you want to test. The audience must understand your motivations for the study.

Supplementary details. Once you have established the hook and angle, you need to include supplementary details to support them. For example, you might state your hypothesis. Then go into previous work and the current state of knowledge. Include citations of these studies. If you need to introduce some technical methodological details, theory, or jargon, do it here.

Conclude your introduction. The motivation for the work and background information should set the stage for the conclusion of the introduction, where you describe the goals of your study, and any hypotheses or predictions. Let the audience know what they are going to learn.

Methods: The audience will use your description of the methods to assess the approach you took in your study and to decide whether your findings are credible. Tell the story of your methods in chronological order. Use visuals to describe your methods as much as possible. If you have equations, make sure to take the time to explain them. Decide what methods to include and how you will show them. You need enough detail so that your audience will understand what you did and therefore can evaluate your approach, but avoid including superfluous details that do not support your main idea. You want to avoid the common mistake of including too much data, as the audience can read the paper(s) later.

Results: This is the evidence you present for your thesis. The audience will use the results to evaluate the support for your main idea. Choose the most important and interesting results—those that support your thesis. You don’t need to present all the results from your study (indeed, you most likely won’t have time to present them all). Break down complex results into digestible pieces, e.g., comparisons over multiple slides (more tips in the next section).

Summary: Summarize your main findings. Displaying your main findings through visuals can be effective. Emphasize the new contributions to scientific knowledge that your work makes.

Conclusion: Complete the circle by relating your conclusions to the big picture topic in your introduction—and your hook, if possible. It’s important to describe any alternative explanations for your findings. You might also speculate on future directions arising from your research. The slides that comprise your conclusion do not need to state “conclusion”. Rather, the concluding slide title should be a declarative sentence linking back to the big picture problem and your main idea.

It’s important to end well by planning a strong closure to your talk, after which you will thank the audience. Your closing statement should relate to your thesis, perhaps by stating it differently or memorably. Avoid ending awkwardly by memorizing your closing sentence.

By now, you have an outline of the story of your talk, which you can use to plan your slides. Your slides should complement and enhance what you will say. Use the following steps to prepare your slides.

  • Write the slide titles to match your talk outline. These should be clear and informative declarative sentences that succinctly give the main idea of the slide (e.g., don’t use “Methods” as a slide title). Have one major idea per slide. In a YouTube talk on designing effective slides , researcher Michael Alley shows examples of instructive slide titles.
  • Decide how you will convey the main idea of the slide (e.g., what figures, photographs, equations, statistics, references, or other elements you will need). The body of the slide should support the slide’s main idea.
  • Under each slide title, outline what you want to say, in bullet points.

In sum, for each slide, prepare a title that summarizes its major idea, a list of visual elements, and a summary of the points you will make. Ensure each slide connects to your thesis. If it doesn’t, then you don’t need the slide.

Slides for scientific presentations have three major components: text (including labels and legends), graphics, and equations. Here, we give tips on how to present each of these components.

  • Have an informative title slide. Include the names of all coauthors and their affiliations. Include an attractive image relating to your study.
  • Make the foreground content of your slides “pop” by using an appropriate background. Slides that have white backgrounds with black text work well for small rooms, whereas slides with black backgrounds and white text are suitable for large rooms.
  • The layout of your slides should be simple. Pay attention to how and where you lay the visual and text elements on each slide. It’s tempting to cram information, but you need lots of empty space. Retain space at the sides and bottom of your slides.
  • Use sans serif fonts with a font size of at least 20 for text, and up to 40 for slide titles. Citations can be in 14 font and should be included at the bottom of the slide.
  • Use bold or italics to emphasize words, not underlines or caps. Keep these effects to a minimum.
  • Use concise text . You don’t need full sentences. Convey the essence of your message in as few words as possible. Write down what you’d like to say, and then shorten it for the slide. Remove unnecessary filler words.
  • Text blocks should be limited to two lines. This will prevent you from crowding too much information on the slide.
  • Include names of technical terms in your talk slides, especially if they are not familiar to everyone in the audience.
  • Include citations for the hypotheses or observations of other scientists.
  • Proofread your slides. Typos and grammatical errors are distracting for your audience.
  • Good figures and graphics are essential to sustain audience interest. Use graphics and photographs to show the experiment or study system in action and to explain abstract concepts.
  • Don’t use figures straight from your paper as they may be too detailed for your talk, and details like axes may be too small. Make new versions if necessary. Make them large enough to be visible from the back of the room.
  • Use graphs to show your results, not tables. Tables are difficult for your audience to digest! If you must present a table, keep it simple.
  • Label the axes of graphs and indicate the units. Label important components of graphics and photographs and include captions. Include sources for graphics that are not your own.
  • Explain all the elements of a graph. This includes the axes, what the colors and markers mean, and patterns in the data.
  • Use colors in figures and text in a meaningful, not random, way. For example, contrasting colors can be effective for pointing out comparisons and/or differences. Don’t use neon colors or pastels.
  • Use thick lines in figures, and use color to create contrasts in the figures you present. Don’t use red/green or red/blue combinations, as color-blind audience members can’t distinguish between them.
  • Arrows or circles can be effective for drawing attention to key details in graphs and equations. Add some text annotations along with them.
  • Write your summary and conclusion slides using graphics, rather than showing a slide with a list of bullet points. Showing some of your results again can be helpful to remind the audience of your message.
  • If your talk has equations, take time to explain them. Include text boxes to explain variables and mathematical terms, and put them under each term in the equation.
  • Combine equations with a graphic that shows the scientific principle, or include a diagram of the mathematical model.
  • Use animations judiciously. They are helpful to reveal complex ideas gradually, for example, if you need to make a comparison or contrast or to build a complicated argument or figure. For lists, reveal one bullet point at a time. New ideas appearing sequentially will help your audience follow your logic.
  • Slide transitions should be simple. Silly ones distract from your message.
  • Decide how you will make the transition as you move from one section of your talk to the next. For example, if you spend time talking through details, provide a summary afterward, especially in a long talk. Another common tactic is to have a “home slide” that you return to multiple times during the talk that reinforces your main idea or message. In her YouTube talk on designing effective scientific presentations , Stanford biologist Susan McConnell suggests using the approach of home slides to build a cohesive narrative.

To deliver a polished presentation, it is essential to practice it. Here are some tips.

  • For your first run-through, practice alone. Pay attention to your narrative. Does your story flow naturally? Do you know how you will start and end? Are there any awkward transitions? Do animations help you tell your story? Do your slides help to convey what you are saying or are they missing components?
  • Next, practice in front of your advisor, and/or your peers (e.g., your lab group). Ask someone to time your talk. Take note of their feedback and the questions that they ask you (you might be asked similar questions during your real talk).
  • Edit your talk, taking into account the feedback you’ve received. Eliminate superfluous slides that don’t contribute to your takeaway message.
  • Practice as many times as needed to memorize the order of your slides and the key transition points of your talk. However, don’t try to learn your talk word for word. Instead, memorize opening and closing statements, and sentences at key junctures in the presentation. Your presentation should resemble a serious but spontaneous conversation with the audience.
  • Practicing multiple times also helps you hone the delivery of your talk. While rehearsing, pay attention to your vocal intonations and speed. Make sure to take pauses while you speak, and make eye contact with your imaginary audience.
  • Make sure your talk finishes within the allotted time, and remember to leave time for questions. Conferences are particularly strict on run time.
  • Anticipate questions and challenges from the audience, and clarify ambiguities within your slides and/or speech in response.
  • If you anticipate that you could be asked questions about details but you don’t have time to include them, or they detract from the main message of your talk, you can prepare slides that address these questions and place them after the final slide of your talk.

➡️ More tips for giving scientific presentations

An organized presentation with a clear narrative will help you communicate your ideas effectively, which is essential for engaging your audience and conveying the importance of your work. Taking time to plan and outline your scientific presentation before writing the slides will help you manage your nerves and feel more confident during the presentation, which will improve your overall performance.

A good scientific presentation has an engaging scientific narrative with a memorable take-home message. It has clear, informative slides that enhance what the speaker says. You need to practice your talk many times to ensure you deliver a polished presentation.

First, consider who will attend your presentation, and what you want the audience to learn about your research. Tailor your content to their level of knowledge and interests. Second, create an outline for your presentation, including the key points you want to make and the evidence you will use to support those points. Finally, practice your presentation several times to ensure that it flows smoothly and that you are comfortable with the material.

Prepare an opening that immediately gets the audience’s attention. A common device is a why or a how question, or a statement of a major open problem in your field, but you could also start with a quote, interesting statistic, or case study from your field.

Scientific presentations typically either focus on a single study (e.g., a 15-minute conference presentation) or tell the story of multiple studies (e.g., a PhD defense or 50-minute conference keynote talk). For a single study talk, the structure follows the scientific paper format: Introduction, Methods, Results, Summary, and Conclusion, whereas the format of a talk discussing multiple studies is more complex, but a theme unifies the studies.

Ensure you have one major idea per slide, and convey that idea clearly (through images, equations, statistics, citations, video, etc.). The slide should include a title that summarizes the major point of the slide, should not contain too much text or too many graphics, and color should be used meaningfully.

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Home Blog Education How to Prepare Your Scientific Presentation

How to Prepare Your Scientific Presentation

how to write a scientific article ppt

Since the dawn of time, humans were eager to find explanations for the world around them. At first, our scientific method was very simplistic and somewhat naive. We observed and reflected. But with the progressive evolution of research methods and thinking paradigms, we arrived into the modern era of enlightenment and science. So what represents the modern scientific method and how can you accurately share and present your research findings to others? These are the two fundamental questions we attempt to answer in this post. 

What is the Scientific Method?

To better understand the concept, let’s start with this scientific method definition from the International Encyclopedia of Human Geography :

The scientific method is a way of conducting research, based on theory construction, the generation of testable hypotheses, their empirical testing, and the revision of theory if the hypothesis is rejected. 

Essentially, a scientific method is a cumulative term, used to describe the process any scientist uses to objectively interpret the world (and specific phenomenon) around them. 

The scientific method is the opposite of beliefs and cognitive biases — mostly irrational, often unconscious, interpretations of different occurrences that we lean on as a mental shortcut. 

The scientific method in research, on the contrary, forces the thinker to holistically assess and test our approaches to interpreting data. So that they could gain consistent and non-arbitrary results. 

steps to a scientific presentation

The common scientific method examples are:

  • Systematic observation 
  • Experimentation
  • Inductive and deductive reasoning
  • Formation and testing of hypotheses and theories

All of the above are used by both scientists and businesses to make better sense of the data and/or phenomenon at hand. 

The Evolution of the Scientific Method 

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , ancient thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle are believed to be the forefathers of the scientific method. They were among the first to try to justify and refine their thought process using the scientific method experiments and deductive reasoning. 

Both developed specific systems for knowledge acquisition and processing. For example, the Platonic way of knowledge emphasized reasoning as the main method for learning but downplayed the importance of observation. The Aristotelian corpus of knowledge, on the contrary, said that we must carefully observe the natural world to discover its fundamental principles. 

In medieval times, thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, and Andreas Vesalius among many others worked on further clarifying how we can obtain proven knowledge through observation and induction. 

The 16th–18th centuries are believed to have given the greatest advances in terms of scientific method application. We, humans, learned to better interpret the world around us from mechanical, biological, economic, political, and medical perspectives. Thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, and their followers also increasingly switched to a tradition of explaining everything through mathematics, geometry, and numbers. 

Up till today, mathematical and mechanical explanations remain the core parts of the scientific method. 

Why is the Scientific Method Important Today? 

Because our ancestors didn’t have as much data as we do. We now live in the era of paramount data accessibility and connectivity, where over 2.5 quintillions of data are produced each day. This has tremendously accelerated knowledge creation.

But, at the same time, such overwhelming exposure to data made us more prone to external influences, biases, and false beliefs. These can jeopardize the objectivity of any research you are conducting. 

Scientific findings need to remain objective, verifiable, accurate, and consistent. Diligent usage of scientific methods in modern business and science helps ensure proper data interpretation, results replication, and undisputable validity. 

6 Steps of the Scientific Method

Over the course of history, the scientific method underwent many interactions. Yet, it still carries some of the integral steps our ancestors used to analyze the world such as observation and inductive reasoning. However, the modern scientific method steps differ a bit. 

6 steps of the scientific method presentation

1. Make an Observation 

An observation serves as a baseline for your research. There are two important characteristics for a good research observation:

  • It must be objective, not subjective. 
  • It must be verifiable, meaning others can say it’s true or false with this. 

For example, This apple is red (objective/verifiable observation). This apple is delicious (subjective, harder-to-verify observation).

2. Develop a Hypothesis

Observations tell us about the present or past. But the goal of science is to glean in the future. A scientific hypothesis is based on prior knowledge and produced through reasoning as an attempt to descriptive a future event.

Here are characteristics of a good scientific hypothesis: 

  • General and tentative idea
  • Agrees with all available observations
  • Testable and potentially falsifiable

Remember: If we state our hypothesis to indicate there is no effect, our hypothesis is a cause-and-effect relationship . A hypothesis, which asserts no effect, is called a null hypothesis. 

3. Make a Prediction 

A hypothesis is a mental “launchpad” for predicting the existence of other phenomena or quantitative results of new observations.

Going back to an earlier example here’s how to turn it into a hypothesis and a potential prediction for proving it. For example: If this apple is red, other apples of this type should be red too. 

Your goal is then to decide which variables can help you prove or disprove your hypothesis and prepare to test these. 

4. Perform an Experiment 

Collect all the information around variables that will help you prove or disprove your prediction. According to the scientific method, a hypothesis has to be discarded or modified if its predictions are clearly and repeatedly incompatible with experimental results.

lab worker performing an experiment

Yes, you may come up with an elegant theory. However, if your hypothetical predictions cannot be backed by experimental results, you cannot use them as a valid explanation of the phenomenon. 

5. Analyze the Results of the Experiment

To come up with proof for your hypothesis, use different statistical analysis methods to interpret the meaning behind your data.

Remember to stay objective and emotionally unattached to your results. If 95 apples turned red, but 5 were yellow, does it disprove your hypothesis? Not entirely. It may mean that you didn’t account for all variables and must adapt the parameters of your experiment. 

Here are some common data analysis techniques, used as a part of a scientific method: 

  • Statistical analysis
  • Cause and effect analysis (see cause and effect analysis slides )
  • Regression analysis
  • Factor analysis
  • Cluster analysis
  • Time series analysis
  • Diagnostic analysis
  • Root cause analysis (see root cause analysis slides )

6. Draw a Conclusion 

Every experiment has two possible outcomes:

  • The results correspond to the prediction
  • The results disprove the prediction 

If that’s the latter, as a scientist you must discard the prediction then and most likely also rework the hypothesis based on it. 

How to Give a Scientific Presentation to Showcase Your Methods

Whether you are doing a poster session, conference talk, or follow-up presentation on a recently published journal article, most of your peers need to know how you’ve arrived at the presented conclusions.

In other words, they will probe your scientific method for gaps to ensure that your results are fair and possible to replicate. So that they could incorporate your theories in their research too. Thus your scientific presentation must be sharp, on-point, and focus clearly on your research approaches. 

Below we propose a quick framework for creating a compelling scientific presentation in PowerPoint (+ some helpful templates!). 

1. Open with a Research Question 

Here’s how to start a scientific presentation with ease: share your research question. On the first slide, briefly recap how your thought process went. Briefly state what was the underlying aim of your research: Share your main hypothesis, mention if you could prove or disprove them. 

It might be tempting to pack a lot of ideas into your first slide but don’t. Keep the opening of your presentation short to pique the audience’s initial interest and set the stage for the follow-up narrative.

scientific presentation opening slide example

2. Disclose Your Methods

Whether you are doing a science poster presentation or conference talk, many audience members would be curious to understand how you arrived at your results. Deliver this information at the beginning of your presentation to avoid any ambiguities. 

Here’s how to organize your science methods on a presentation: 

  • Do not use bullet points or full sentences. Use diagrams and structured images to list the methods
  • Use visuals and iconography to use metaphors where possible.
  • Organize your methods by groups e.g. quantifiable and non-quantifiable

Finally, when you work on visuals for your presentation — charts, graphs, illustrations, etc. — think from the perspective of a subject novice. Does the image really convey the key information around the subject? Does it help break down complex ideas?

slide describing a summary of scientific methods

3. Spotlight the Results 

Obviously, the research results will be your biggest bragging right. However, don’t over-pack your presentation with a long-winded discussion of your findings and how revolutionary these may be for the community. 

Rather than writing a wall of text, do this instead:

  • Use graphs with large axis values/numbers to showcase the findings in great detail
  • Prioritize formats that are known to everybody (e.g. odds ratios, Kaplan Meier curves, etc.)
  • Do not include more than 5 lines of plain text per slide 

Overall, when you feel that the results slide gets too cramped, it’s best to move the data to a new one. 

Also, as you work on organizing data on your scientific presentation PowerPoint template , think if there are obvious limitations and gaps. If yes, make sure you acknowledge them during your speech.

4. Mention Study Limitations 

The scientific method mandates objectivity. That’s why every researcher must clearly state what was excluded from their study. Remember: no piece of scientific research is truly universal and has certain boundaries. However, when you fail to personally state those, others might struggle to draw the line themselves and replicate your results. Then, if they fail to do so, they’d question the viability of your research.

5. Conclude with a Memorable Takeaway Message 

Every experienced speaker will tell you that the audience best retains the information they hear first and last. Most people will attend more than one scientific presentation during the day. 

So if you want the audience to better remember your talk, brainstorm a take-home message for the last slide of your presentation. Think of your last slide texts as an elevator pitch — a short, concluding message, summarizing your research.

To Conclude

Today we have no shortage of research and scientific methods for testing and proving our hypothesis. However, unlike our ancestors, most scientists experience deeper scrutiny when it comes to presenting and explaining their findings to others. That’s why it’s important to ensure that your scientific presentation clearly relays the aim, vector, and thought process behind your research.

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Creating a 10-15 Minute Scientific Presentation

In the course of your career as a scientist, you will be asked to give brief presentations -- to colleagues, lab groups, and in other venues. We have put together a series of short videos to help you organize and deliver a crisp 10-15 minute scientific presentation.

First is a two part set of videos that walks you through organizing a presentation.

Part 1 - Creating an Introduction for a 10-15 Minute Scientfic Presentation

Part 2 - Creating the Body of a 10-15 Minute Presentation: Design/Methods; Data Results, Conclusions

Two additional videos should prove useful:

Designing PowerPoint Slides for a Scientific Presentation walks you through the key principles in designing powerful, easy to read slides.

Delivering a Presentation provides tips and approaches to help you put your best foot forward when you stand up in front of a group.

Other resources include:

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Writing a scientific paper.

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How to write an introduction section of a scientific article?

An article primarily includes the following sections: introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Before writing the introduction, the main steps, the heading and the familiarity level of the readers should be considered. Writing should begin when the experimental system and the equipment are available. The introduction section comprises the first portion of the manuscript, and it should be written using the simple present tense. Additionally, abbreviations and explanations are included in this section. The main goal of the introduction is to convey basic information to the readers without obligating them to investigate previous publications and to provide clues as to the results of the present study. To do this, the subject of the article should be thoroughly reviewed, and the aim of the study should be clearly stated immediately after discussing the basic references. In this review, we aim to convey the principles of writing the introduction section of a manuscript to residents and young investigators who have just begun to write a manuscript.

Introduction

When entering a gate of a magnificent city we can make a prediction about the splendor, pomposity, history, and civilization we will encounter in the city. Occasionally, gates do not give even a glimpse of the city, and it can mislead the visitors about inner sections of the city. Introduction sections of the articles are like gates of a city. It is a presentation aiming at introducing itself to the readers, and attracting their attention. Attractiveness, clarity, piquancy, and analytical capacity of the presentation will urge the reader to read the subsequent sections of the article. On the other hand as is understood from the motto of antique Greek poet Euripides “a bad beginning makes a bad ending”, ‘Introduction’ section of a scientific article is important in that it can reveal the conclusion of the article. [ 1 ]

It is useful to analyze the issues to be considered in the ‘Introduction’ section under 3 headings. Firstly, information should be provided about the general topic of the article in the light of the current literature which paves the way for the disclosure of the objective of the manuscript. Then the specific subject matter, and the issue to be focused on should be dealt with, the problem should be brought forth, and fundamental references related to the topic should be discussed. Finally, our recommendations for solution should be described, in other words our aim should be communicated. When these steps are followed in that order, the reader can track the problem, and its solution from his/her own perspective under the light of current literature. Otherwise, even a perfect study presented in a non-systematized, confused design will lose the chance of reading. Indeed inadequate information, inability to clarify the problem, and sometimes concealing the solution will keep the reader who has a desire to attain new information away from reading the manuscript. [ 1 – 3 ]

First of all, explanation of the topic in the light of the current literature should be made in clear, and precise terms as if the reader is completely ignorant of the subject. In this section, establishment of a warm rapport between the reader, and the manuscript is aimed. Since frantic plunging into the problem or the solution will push the reader into the dilemma of either screening the literature about the subject matter or refraining from reading the article. Updated, and robust information should be presented in the ‘Introduction’ section.

Then main topic of our manuscript, and the encountered problem should be analyzed in the light of the current literature following a short instance of brain exercise. At this point the problems should be reduced to one issue as far as possible. Of course, there might be more than one problem, however this new issue, and its solution should be the subject matter of another article. Problems should be expressed clearly. If targets are more numerous, and complex, solutions will be more than one, and confusing.

Finally, the last paragraphs of the ‘Introduction’ section should include the solution in which we will describe the information we generated, and related data. Our sentences which arouse curiosity in the readers should not be left unanswered. The reader who thinks to obtain the most effective information in no time while reading a scientific article should not be smothered with mysterious sentences, and word plays, and the readers should not be left alone to arrive at a conclusion by themselves. If we have contrary expectations, then we might write an article which won’t have any reader. A clearly expressed or recommended solutions to an explicitly revealed problem is also very important for the integrity of the ‘Introduction’ section. [ 1 – 5 ]

We can summarize our arguments with the following example ( Figure 1 ). The introduction section of the exemplary article is written in simple present tense which includes abbreviations, acronyms, and their explanations. Based on our statements above we can divide the introduction section into 3 parts. In the first paragraph, miniaturization, and evolvement of pediatric endourological instruments, and competitions among PNL, ESWL, and URS in the treatment of urinary system stone disease are described, in other words the background is prepared. In the second paragraph, a newly defined system which facilitates intrarenal access in PNL procedure has been described. Besides basic references related to the subject matter have been given, and their outcomes have been indicated. In other words, fundamental references concerning main subject have been discussed. In the last paragraph the aim of the researchers to investigate the outcomes, and safety of the application of this new method in the light of current information has been indicated.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is TJU-39-Supp-8-g01.jpg

An exemplary introduction section of an article

Apart from the abovementioned information about the introduction section of a scientific article we will summarize a few major issues in brief headings

Important points which one should take heed of:

  • Abbreviations should be given following their explanations in the ‘Introduction’ section (their explanations in the summary does not count)
  • Simple present tense should be used.
  • References should be selected from updated publication with a higher impact factor, and prestigous source books.
  • Avoid mysterious, and confounding expressions, construct clear sentences aiming at problematic issues, and their solutions.
  • The sentences should be attractive, tempting, and comjprehensible.
  • Firstly general, then subject-specific information should be given. Finally our aim should be clearly explained.

how to write a scientific article

How to write a scientific article

Mar 30, 2019

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How to write a scientific article. Constantinos (Dinos) Mylonas Hellenic Center for Marine Research Institute of Aquaculture Crete, Greece. Components. Title page Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References (Tables and Figures embedded in text). Structure - Report.

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How to write a scientific article Constantinos (Dinos) Mylonas Hellenic Center for Marine Research Institute of Aquaculture Crete, Greece

Title page Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References (Tables and Figures embedded in text) Structure - Report

Title page Acknowledgements Summary Table of contents List of Figures (optional) General Introduction Chapter 1-n Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion (Tables and Figures embedded in text) General Discussion References Structure - Thesis

Table of Contents • Can be done automatically!

Table of Contents

Title page Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables List of Figures Figures Structure - Article

Margins Left, right, top, bottom Spacing Single or double space Line numbering Font type and size Base type (Arial vs Times) Levels of organization Not more than three 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Experimental animals 2.2. Experimental design 2.2.1. Effect of season on reproduction Paragraphs With or without indentation, separated by a double space, etc. Format

Format-margins

Spacing Single or double space Font type and size (Arial vs Times) Format

Title page (1 page) Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article - Presentation of the problem - Current knowledge or situation - Relevant knowledge from other species - Objectives of the study

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Objectives • Understand the study • Evaluate the results • Repeat if required • Content • - Experimental animals or site • Experimental design • Data collection • - Analytical methods (hormone assays, molecular methods, measurements, etc. • - Statistical analysis

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Presentation of results in a historical order • Reference to Tables and Figures • Absolutely NO discussion (no opinions or conclusions)

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Interpretation of results • Comparison with other studies • Avoid referring to Tables and Figures • Significance of the study, contribution to the field • Suggestions for further work • Conclusions • NO mentioning of results (numbers), except for comparison purposes

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements (1 paragraph) References Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Funding agencies and organizations • Technicians and collaborators who worked on the study • Scientist giving advice on study or reviewed the manuscript • - Reviewers that improved the manuscript • NOT your parents or girlfriend/boyfriend

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements (1 paragraph) References (1-n pages, ~50 citations) Tables Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Provide proof of knowledge of the field • Suggest studies to interested readers • Reviews to avoid many original articles • Original articles to demonstrate knowledge of the field - Journals, Books, Chapters, Conferences, Thesis, Reports - Every journal has its own style ! (alphabetical, numerical)

Structure - References

Reproductive behaviour of fish - bluefin tuna

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements (1 paragraph) References (1-n pages, ~50 citations) Tables (0-7?) Figures legends Figures Structure - Article • Each Table in a separate page • Self-explanatory (no reference to main text)

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements (1 paragraph) References (1-n pages, ~50 citations) Tables (0-7?) Figure legends (0-n) Figures Structure - Article • Separate Word file or at the end of the main text • NOT next to the Figure • Self-explanatory (no reference to main text)

Title page (1 page) Abstract (1 page) Introduction (2-3 pages) Materials and methods (1-n pages) Results (1-n pages) Discussion (3-n pages) Acknowledgements (1 paragraph) References (1-n pages, ~50 citations) Tables (0-7?) Figure legends (0-n) Figures (0-7?) Structure - Article • Each Figure in a separate page, preferably in TIFF or JPEG format • For review also possible as MS PPT (one Figure per slide) • NO titles (legends)

Write in past tense for the results of an experiment or of another study. Use present tense for well-accepted theories or facts. For example: (Past) The study indicated that fish spawned well in captivity. (Present) It is known that most temperate zone fishes spawn once a year in nature Language

Write in passive voice and not in the first person. For example: (Yes) Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA. (No) We collected blood samples and analyzed them using ELISA. Language

Avoid using author names out of parentheses. These are better placed in parentheses, unless there is really a need to emphasize the name of the author. For example: (Yes) The gilthead seabream reproduces annually for a period of 3-5 months (Zohar et al., 1995). (No) Zohar and coworkers (1995) demonstrated that the gilthead seabream reproduces annually for a period of 3-5 months. (Yes) Contrary to what has been know until now (Johnson et al., 1990; Stevens & Brown, 1991; Holland et al, 1993), Zohar and coworkers suggested recently that not all stocks of gilthead seabream reproduce annually for a period of 3-5 months. Language

Never start a sentence with an abbreviation or an Arabic number. Spell them out. For example: (Yes) Luteinizing hormone is the main gonadotrophin in mammals, controlling gametogenesis. (No) GnRH is the main brain hormone in mammals, controlling reproduction. (Yes) Twenty-fine percent of the population in Greece own a second house. (No) 15 fish were sampled at each monthly sampling. Language

Spell out numbers from one to nine if they are not followed by units, and use Arabic numbers for those above 10. For example: (Yes) In the present study 9 fish were used in each of the five therapies used for the study. (Yes) The experiments were repeated at 12 different times during the period of 3 years. Language

Always spell out abbreviations at the first time cited in the Title, Abstract and main text of the manuscript. First the full name and then the abbreviation, never the other way around. For example: (Yes) Giving an exogenous dose of testosterone (T) is considered a reasonable method for increasing maleness. (No) In the blood, E2 (17b-estradiol) can be elevated during the reproductive season. Language

After parentheses a comma is placed only if it would be necessary without the parenthesis. For example: (Yes, with comma) Even though reports exist to support the existence of GnRHa in marine fishes (Jonhson et al., 2007), this has not been demonstrated in all fish studied to date. (Yes, without comma) The study of reproductive functions in marine fishes (Brown et al., 2006) has led to the discovery of multiple forms of GnRHa in the brain. Language

In a list of terms, the last one is connected with "and" with or without a comma. Be consisted in the use or not of the comma. For example: (Yes) It has been found that fish have three steroids in their plasma during reproduction: testosterone, estradiol(,) and dihydroxyprogesterone. (No) It has been found that fish have three steroids in their plasma during reproduction: testosterone, estradiol, dihydroxyprogesterone. Language

Citation to a figure, table or another study should be done at the end of the sentence, unless this citation refers to only part of the sentence. For example: (Yes) It has been found in both marine and freshwater fish that plasma testosterone increases after a meal and this increase is correlated to increased swimming activity (Stevens, 1978). (No) It has been found in both marine and freshwater fish that plasma testosterone increases after a meal (Stevens, 1978) and this increase is correlated to increased swimming activity. (Yes) It has been found in both marine and freshwater fish that plasma testosterone increases after a meal (Fig. 2) and this increase is correlated to increased swimming activity (Manabu et al., 2008). Language

"Which" can be used for the same objective as "that". However, "which" is more formal and much stronger and it must be preceded by a comma. For example: (Yes) Fish did not respond to the treatment, which means that they were not mature yet. (Yes) Fish did not accept the second type of food that was prepared with marine oils. (No) All treated individuals were larger than the controls which means that the added nutrients were important in accelerating growth. Language

Do not start a sentence with "This", That", "They" etc., unless it is very clear to what this term refers. Restate clearly if there is a doubt. For example: (Yes). From the different species studied, the African elephant is the only one that builds a nest for reproduction. This is usually made at the top of a tree, using feather and grass. (No) From the five species of birds found in the Aegean islands, the two found in Crete feed exclusively on marine fish while the other three consume also fruits. These include mariets, alpikas and bassols. (Yes) From the five species of birds found in the Aegean islands, the two found in Crete feed exclusively on marine fish while the other three consume also fruits. These fish include mariets, alpikas and bassols. Language

The plural of fish is fish. Fishes indicates many fish species. For example: Each treatment consisted of 12 fish. Each experiment considered at least three fishes from a total of 25 species available in the region. Same holds for “people vs peoples”, “bread vs breads”, “money vs moneys” The common names of animals are always written in small letters, with the exception of main names such as Atlantic, Japanese, Pacific, Australian, etc. Language

A single sentence cannot constitute a paragraph. Either expand further or consolidate with another paragraph. Use units with the IU standards (mg l-1 not ml/l). Always leave a space between the number and unit (for example, 10 Kg, 4 min, 9 h) except in the case of temperature degrees and percentage (34°C and 20%) Be consistent with the format of scientific names (in or outside parentheses), citations (Name, 1990 or Name 1990; et al. or et al.), range of numbers with hyphens (20 - 30 or 20-30), etc. Language

1. Prepare Graphs and Tables (This will create the “frame” of the paper) 2. Prepare the Title page (This will form the “theme” of the paper) 3. Start writing the manuscript - Materials & methods - Results - Introduction (based on the Results you will build the background, justification of the study and its objectives) - Discussion (interpret the results, relate to the current knowledge, suggest and justify further research, draw conclusions) - References 4. Read again, and again, and again Preparation sequence

If you prepare an article badly, it will take you 3-times as long to complete than you planned. Words of wisdom

If you prepare an article well, it will take you only 2-times as long to complete than you planned. Words of wisdom

It always takes longer than you think!!! Καλή επιτυχία! Words of wisdom

Five research institutes Institute of Aquaculture Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics Institute of Oceanography Institute of Marine Biological Resources (Fisheries) Institute of Inland Waters Two public aquaria - Rhodes Hydrobiological Station - Creta Aquarium Institute of Aquaculture In Crete Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics Cretaquarium The HCMR-Institute of Aquaculture Hellenic Center for Marine Research www.hcmr.gr Reproduction and Broodstock management

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How to Write a Scientific Paper

How to Write a Scientific Paper. Standard: Abstract Introduction Materials &amp; Methods Results Discussion References. Review paper: Abstract (mostly) Introduction Subheadings Conclusion References. Paper Format. Journal Article Summary. THESE ARE PRIMARY SOURCES

127 views • 11 slides

How to Write a Newspaper Article

How to Write a Newspaper Article

How to Write a Newspaper Article. Writing Style. Newspaper articles require a different style of writing from what is used when writing a story. The Newspaper Article Triangle . The newspaper article has all the important information in the opening paragraph. The information includes: Who

532 views • 7 slides

IMAGES

  1. PPT

    how to write a scientific article ppt

  2. How to write a scientific article?

    how to write a scientific article ppt

  3. (PDF) How To Write A Scientific Article For A Medical Journal?

    how to write a scientific article ppt

  4. (PDF) How to write ‘introduction’ in scientific journal article

    how to write a scientific article ppt

  5. How to write_a_scientific_article

    how to write a scientific article ppt

  6. How to Captivate Journal Readers with a Strong Introduction

    how to write a scientific article ppt

VIDEO

  1. How to write Scientific Notation

  2. Article Summary and Presentation Assignment

  3. ChatGPT in scientific articles

  4. EXPOSITORY WRITING TO RESEARCH WRITING

  5. How to write a scientific article by Dr Chandrakant Lahariya

  6. Online Workshop on AI-Enhanced Scientific Writing

COMMENTS

  1. Writing a scientific article: A step-by-step guide for beginners

    We describe here the basic steps to follow in writing a scientific article. We outline the main sections that an average article should contain; the elements that should appear in these sections, and some pointers for making the overall result attractive and acceptable for publication. Previous Next Scientific publications Writing Research Article

  2. PPT How to Write a Scientific Paper

    Are Syntax and Grammar acceptable A brief synopsis of writing an abstract It's a minipaper: Introduction (usually 1-2 sentences) Methods (often longest part) Results Discussion is limited to concluding statement Like a paper, requires many drafts, most oriented to presenting argument concisely Getting the Reviews of Your Paper "The reviewer ...

  3. How to Make a PowerPoint Presentation of Your Research Paper

    Here are some simple tips for creating an effective PowerPoint Presentation. Less is more: You want to give enough information to make your audience want to read your paper. So include details, but not too many, and avoid too many formulas and technical jargon. Clean and professional: Avoid excessive colors, distracting backgrounds, font ...

  4. How to make a scientific presentation [4 steps]

    Step 1: Outline your presentation Step 2: Plan your presentation slides Step 3: Make the presentation slides Slide design Text elements Graphics Equations Animations and transitions Step 4: Practice your presentation Final thoughts Frequently Asked Questions about Preparing scientific presentations Related Articles

  5. Scientific Writing Made Easy: A Step‐by‐Step Guide to Undergraduate

    Clear scientific writing generally follows a specific format with key sections: an introduction to a particular topic, hypotheses to be tested, a description of methods, key results, and finally, a discussion that ties these results to our broader knowledge of the topic (Day and Gastel 2012 ).

  6. WRITING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

    WRITING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE. 1. COURSE NAME: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY COURSE ID:EST-3205 WELCOME TO THE PRESENTATION ON WRITING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE. 2. 2 PRESENTED BY GROUP-A GROUP MEMBERS (ROLL NUMBERS): 140201,140202,140203,140204,140205,140208 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY JESSORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ...

  7. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

    Reviewers consider the following five criteria to be the most important in decisions about whether to accept manuscripts for publication: 1) the importance, timeliness, relevance, and prevalence of the problem addressed; 2) the quality of the writing style (i.e., that it is well‐written, clear, straightforward, easy to follow, and logical); 3) t...

  8. Successful Scientific Writing and Publishing: A Step-by-Step Approach

    Scientific articles should have a clear and concise take-home message. Typically, this is expressed in 1 to 2 sentences that summarize the main point of the paper. ... This message can be used to focus the presentation of background information, results, and discussion of findings. As an early step in the drafting of an article, we recommend ...

  9. Writing Center

    This page is your source for scientific writing & publishing essentials. Learn how to write a successful scientific research article with our free, practical guides and hands-on resources for authors looking to improve their scientific publishing skillset.

  10. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (Project ...

    Module 1 • 3 hours to complete. In this section of the MOOC, you will learn what is necessary before writing a paper: the context in which the scientist is publishing. You will learn how to know your own community, through different exemples, and then we will present you how scientific journal and publication works.

  11. PDF HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PAPER

    HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PAPER. Getting ready with data. First draft. Structure of a scientific paper. Selecting a journal. Submission. Revision and galley proof. Disclaimer: The suggestions and remarks in this presentation are based on personal research experience. Research practices and approaches vary.

  12. How to Create A Journal Article Presentation in PowerPoint || Create

    671 Share 33K views 1 year ago Research Tips and Advice In this video, I will show you how to create a research article or journal article presentation quickly in PowerPoint. ...more ...more

  13. How to Prepare Your Scientific Presentation

    Steps to create a Scientific Presentation The common scientific method examples are: Systematic observation Experimentation Inductive and deductive reasoning Formation and testing of hypotheses and theories All of the above are used by both scientists and businesses to make better sense of the data and/or phenomenon at hand.

  14. Creating a 10-15 Minute Scientific Presentation

    Designing PowerPoint Slides for a Scientific Presentation walks you through the key principles in designing powerful, easy to read slides. Delivering a Presentation provides tips and approaches to help you put your best foot forward when you stand up in front of a group. Other resources include: An introduction to oral presentations

  15. PDF How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper

    Organization and Language in Scientific Writing 4 2 Historical Perspectives 6 The Early History 6 The Electronic Era 7 The IMRAD Story 8 3 ... Presentation of the Paper 174 Slides 175 The Audience 176 A Few Answers on Questions 177 28 How to Prepare a Poster 179 Popularity of Posters 179

  16. Research Guides: Writing a Scientific Paper: Presentations

    Student's Guide to Writing College Papers (5th ed.), 2019 - LL LB2369 .T82 2019. Learning to Communicate in Science and Engineering : Case Studies from MIT, 2010 - ONLINE. Explaining Research: How to Reach Key Audiences to Advance Your Work, 2010 - ONLINE. Presentation Zen: Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery - LL HF5718.22 .R49 2008.

  17. How To Write And Publish A Scientific Manuscript

    Develop a research question. Perform a literature search. Identify a gap in the literature. Design a study protocol (including personnel) Submit to an institutional review board for approval. Collect, responsibly store, and then analyze data. Write a manuscript to interpret and describe your research.

  18. Scientific Writing

    Characteristics of scientific writing. 4. Characteristics of scientific writing Good scientific writing is: (1) • Clear - it avoids unnecessary detail; • Simple - it uses direct language, avoiding vague or complicated sentences. • Avoid Technical terms and jargon are used only when they are necessary for accuracy; 5.

  19. Writing a scientific paper

    1. Writing a Scientific Paper Dr. Bhaswat S. Chakraborty 2. Writing Well True ease in writing comes from art, not chance As those who move easiest have learnt to dance Alexander Pope 3.

  20. How to write an introduction section of a scientific article?

    Abstract. An article primarily includes the following sections: introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Before writing the introduction, the main steps, the heading and the familiarity level of the readers should be considered. Writing should begin when the experimental system and the equipment are available.

  21. How to write a scientific article?

    Process of writing these sections/the article » Start with an outline (subheadings, paragraphs, key words on what is covered) » Then write a first draft (change key words into sentences, develop tables/figures). » Put it aside, revise it, etc. » Finalize article for internal review (supervisor (s), co-authors).

  22. PPT

    Language. Spell out numbers from one to nine if they are not followed by units, and use Arabic numbers for those above 10. For example: (Yes) In the present study 9 fish were used in each of the five therapies used for the study. (Yes) The experiments were repeated at 12 different times during the period of 3 years.

  23. How To WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

    18. Slide Structure - Bad This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated.