myCBSEguide

  • Marketing Management class 12...
  • Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies

Table of Contents

myCBSEguide App

Download the app to get CBSE Sample Papers 2023-24, NCERT Solutions (Revised), Most Important Questions, Previous Year Question Bank, Mock Tests, and Detailed Notes.

CBSE class 12 Business Studies Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school based annual examinations. Class 12 Business Studies notes on chapter 11 Marketing Management are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.

CBSE Guide Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies

CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 12 Business Studies text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.

12 Business Studies notes Chapter 11 Marketing Management

Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 11 Marketing Management in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Marketing Management class 12 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 11 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.

Download Revision Notes as PDF

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes CHAPTER – 11 Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies

MEANING OF SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:

• Needs = basic human requirements. Essential items necessary or fundamental to human existence.

• Wants= desire for a particular product. Tend to be “satisfier specific”.

• Demand- willingness to buy is backed by purchasing power

• Utility – want satisfying power of a product.

• What can be marketed:

• A product = • bundle of utility not confined to physical products but can refer to other things of value such as services, ideas, place. It refers to anything that satisfies a need or want.

• may be tangible or intangible(i.e. goods and services)

• even people can be marketed • Customers= people or organizations that seek satisfaction of their wants. • “Marketers‟ = • Anyone taking a more active role in the process of exchange is called a marketer. Normally it is the seller. But in certain situations, it may also be the buyer. This may be in the situation of rare supply.

• Sellers as marketer are the deliverers or providers of satisfaction. They makes available products or services and offers them to customers with an intention of satisfying customer needs and wants. They can be divided into:

• Goods marketers (such as Hindustan Lever)

• Services marketers (such as Indian Airlines)

• Others marketing experiences (such as Walt Disney) or places (like tourist destinations). • Marketing activities =activities carried on by the marketers to facilitate exchange of goods and services between the producers and the users of such products. • Market is:

• Place where buyers and sellers meet and conduct buying and selling activities. It does not necessarily mean a geographical place(e.g. conduct of business thro telephone, mail or internet)

• The other ways in which this term is being used is in the context of a product market (cotton market, gold or share market), geographic market (national and international market), type of buyers (consumer market and industrial market) and the quantity of goods transacted (retail market and wholesale market).

• In the modern marketing sense, it refers to a set of actual or potential buyers of a product or service i.e. all customers who share a particular need or want and are able to buy the product (also referred to as target markets)

Important Features of Marketing

1. Needs and wants: Satisfaction of the needs and wants of individuals and organizations.

2. Creating a market offering: Complete offer for a product of service.

3. Customer value: greatest benefit or value for the money.

4 . Exchange mechanism: Exchange of products/services for money/for something of value to them.

Meaning and concept of Marketing Management

Marketing management means management of the marketing functions. It is the process of organizing, directing and controlling the activities related to marketing of goods and services to satisfy customers’ needs & achieve organizational goals.

The process of Marketing involves:

i. Choosing a target market

ii. Getting, keeping as well as growing the customer

• that is, ensure that the target customers purchase the firm‘s product, ensure that they keep their customers satisfied with the products and attract new customers so that the firm can grow.

iii. Create, develop and communicate superior values to the customers.

Functions of Marketing/Marketing activities

Gathering And Analyzing Market Information:

• systematic investigation of facts

• SWOT analysis

• Necessary to identify needs

• Decisions can be wrt. Identifying customer needs and wants, identifying buying motives, choice of a brand name, packaging and media used for promotion.

• Data is available both from primary as well as secondary sources.

Marketing planning : • Aim = to develop a complete marketing plan so that the marketing objectives can be achieved. • It also must specify the action programs . • E.g if a marketer aims at enhancing his market share in the country in the next three years, then his marketing plan should include various important aspects like plan for increasing level of production, promotion of products etc.

Product designing and development: • Involves decisions regarding the product to be manufactured and it‘s attributes such as its quality considerations, packaging, models and variations to be introduced etc.. • Done by anticipating customer needs and developing new products or improving existing products to satisfy these needs.

Standardization and grading: • Standardization = Process of setting certain standards for a product on the basis of its desired qualities. E.g. ISI mark for electrical goods. • Grading = Division of products into classes made up of units possessing similar features such as for agricultural products

Packaging and labeling: • Packaging‘ refers to designing a package (that is a wrapper or a container) for a product. • Packaging protects the products from damage , risks of spoilage, breakage and leakage. It also makes buying convenient for customers and serves as a promotional tool. • Labeling = designing a label to be put on the package. It may vary from a simple tag to complex graphics.

Branding • Whether to sell the product in its generic name or in a Brand name. • Helps in differentiation, builds customer loyalty and promote its sale. • Decision = whether each product will have a separate brand name or the same brand name to be used for all products.

Concepts & Philosophies of Marketing

1. PRODUCTION CONCEPT = In the earlier days of the industrial revolution, the number of producers were limited, → limited supply of industrial products → not able to match demand . So, anyone who was able to produce goods could easily find buyers for the same.

2. PRODUCT CONCEPT= With passage of time, the supply improved→ customers started looking for products that were superior in performance, quality and features.

3. SELLING CONCEPT= increase in scale of production→ competition among the sellers → Product quality and availability alone did not ensure survival as a large number of firms were now selling products of similar quality.

4. MARKETING CONCEPT : Implies that a firm can achieve its goals by identifying needs of the customer and satisfying them better than the competitors. Customer satisfaction is the precondition for realizing the firm’s goal and objectives,

5. SOCIAL MARKETING CONCEPT : Under this concept customer satisfaction is supplemented by social welfare. Some products bring harmful effect on environment so these should not be supplied. It pays attention to the social, ethical and ecological aspects of marketing. Raman, Joginder, John, Iqbal and Shreya are friends. They are operating different business. Each one has his/her own concept regarding operating their business. Raman believes in producing products at a large scale. Thereby decreasing the average cost of the products and selling it’s at a reasonable price.

Meaning and Concept of Marketing and Selling

Marketing is a wide term. It refers to a large set of activities of which selling is just one part. A marketer before making the sale does a lot of other activities such as planning the type, design of the product, the price and selecting the distribution outlets at which the same would be available.

Selling: refers to the sale of goods or service through publicity, promotion and salesmanship. The title of the product is transferred from seller to buyer. The entire focus in selling is to covert the product into cash.

Difference between Selling & Marketing

Marketing Mix

There are a large number of factors that affect marketing decisions. They can be classified as:

• Non-controllable factors and Controllable factors: To be successful, a firm needs to take sound decisions wrt controllable factors while keeping the environmental factors in mind.

To develop marketing tools, marketing managers use the above mentioned controllable factors and the set of marketing tools that a firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market is described as Marketing Mix. Success of a market offer will depend upon how well these ingredients are mixed to create superior value for customers and simultaneously achieve their sales and profit objective. Thus, an ideal marketing mix would need: • Producing satisfying products • Offered to buyers at a reasonable price • Conveniently available • About which communication is offered

Marketing mix refers to ingredients or the tools or the variables which the marketeer mixes in order to interact with a particular market.

11.8.1 Elements of Marketing Mix

The four main elements of marketing mix as classified by MCcarthy are:

A. Product B. Price C. Place/Physical Distribution D. Promotion

Elements/4 Ps of Marketing Mix

4. Place Mix: Physical distribution: Various decisions regarding distribution of products.

• Channels of distribution: Whether wholesalers, retailers are to be used or not.

• Physical movement of the products from producer to consumers.

• Storage, transportation, managing inventory (stock) etc.

i) Branding:

The process used to create a distinct identity of a product. It is the process of using a name, term, symbol or design individually or in some combination to identify a product.

Brand : Name, term, sign, design or some combination of the above used to identify the products of the seller and to differentiate them from those of competitors .

Qualities of a Good Brand Name

1. Short, easy to pronounce, spell and remember(Rin, Vim, Ponds)

2. Suggest product benefits and quality (Genteel, Boost)

3. Distinctive (Zodiac, Safari)

4. adaptable to packing or labeling requirements, to different advertising media and to different languages.

5. Versatile to accommodate new products(Maggi)

6. Capable of being registered and protected legally

7. Have staying power(should not get outdated easily.

Advantages of Branding-

Advantages to the marketers:

1. Enables product differentiation:.

• Distinguishes the firms products from that of its competitors, thus secures and controls its markets.

2. Helps in advertising and display programmes:

• Without a brand, the advertiser can only create an awareness about the generic product and not be sure of the sale of his brand.

3. Differential pricing:

• As when customers like and become used to a brand, they would agree to pay a little more for it than the competing product

4. Ease in introduction of a new product

minimizes selling costs – enjoys the reflected glory of the brand.

Advantages to Customers:

1. Helps in product identification:

• If customer is satisfied with a brand, he will not make a close inspection every time.

2. Ensures quality:

• deviation in quality, customers can have a recourse to the manufacturer/marketer. ↑ confidence and level of satisfaction of customers

3. Status symbol:

• Because of their quality, customers feel proud of suing them and so ↑ level of satisfaction of customers

2. (ii) Packaging: Act of designing and producing the container or wrapper of a product. Good packaging often helps in selling the product so it is called a silent salesman.

Levels of Packaging

1. Primary Package: refers to the product’s immediate container e.g. toffee in a wrapper, a match box.

2. Secondary Package : refers to additional layers of protection that are kept till the product is ready for use e.g. a Colgate toothpaste usually comes in a card board box.

Functions of Packaging

1. Product Identification : Packaging helps in identification of the product.

2. Product Protection: The main function of the packing is to provide protection to the product from dirt, insects and breakage.

3. Convenience: It provides convenience in carriage, stocking and in consumption.

4. Product Promotion: Packaging simplifies the work of sales promotion.

Advantages of Packaging

• Rising Standards Of Health And Sanitation – As chances of adulteration in such goods are minimized

• Self-Service Outlets – so some of the traditional role assigned to personal selling w.r.t promotion has gone to packaging.

• Innovational Opportunities – innovation on packaging used to market products e.g. tetra packs for milk.

• Product differentiation – colour, size, material etc of packaging makes a difference in perception of customers about the quality of the product.

3 . Labelling :

Labelling means putting identification marks on the package. Label is a carrier of information & provides information like – name of the product, name of the manufacturer, contents of the product, expiry and manufacturing date, general information for use, weight etc. Labels perform following functions:

1. Identify the product: It helps the customers to identify the product from the various types available. For example: We can easily identify a Cadbury chocolate from the various chocolates by purple colour of its label.

2. Describe the product and specify its contents:

5. Providing information required by law: There is legal compulsion to print batch no., contents, max retail price, weight/volume on all the products and statutory warning on the packet of cigarettes, “Smoking is injuries of health”: In case of hazard on/poisonous material appropriate safety warnings need to be put.

II P-PRICE MIX:

Meaning and concept of Price: Sum of values that consumers exchange for the benefit of having or using the product Price may therefore be defined as the amount of money paid by a buyer (or received by a seller) in consideration of the purchase of a product or a service

Normally expressed in monetary terms. Decisions include decisions wrt basic price, discounts to be offered etc

Factors determining price determination:

1. Pricing Objectives

(a) to maximise profits in the short term-tend to charge maximum price.

(b) Obtain large share of the market i.e., by maximising sales it will charge lower price.

(c) Firm is operating in the competitive market it may charge low price for it.

2. Product cost:

• Price should include all costs and also include a fair return for undertaking the marketing effort and risk.

• Includes costs of producing, distributing and selling the product.

• Costs sets the floor price – the minimum level / lower limit at which the product may be sold. • Price should recover Total costs (Fixed costs/overheads + Variable costs+ Semi-variable costs) in the long run, but in certain circumstances(introduction of a new product/entry into a new market) product price may not cover all the costs for a short while.

3. Utility and demand:

• Utility provided by the product and the demand of a product set the upper limit of price that a buyer would be willing to pay for a product.

• Buyers pay to the point where the utility of the demand is more than or eequal to the utility derived from it.

• Law of demand = consumers purchase more at a lesser price.

• Elasticity of demand = responsiveness of demand to change in prices of a product. Demand = elastic if a small change in price results in a large change in quantity demanded.

• If demand is inelastic, firm can fix higher prices.

4. Competition in Market : Prices of competitors need to be considered before fixing prices.

5. Government Policies: Products regulated by government pricing regulations need to be priced as per government policies.

III. P-Place Mix/Physical Distribution Mix

A set of decisions needs to be taken to make the product available to customers for purchase and consumption.

• The marketer needs to make sure that the product is available at the right quantity, at the right time and at the right place.

• It requires development of:

• Channels of distribution

• Physical distribution of products.

Components of physical distribution-

1. Order Processing: Accurate & speedy order processing leads to profit & goodwill & vice versa.

2. Transportation: Add value of the goods by moving them to the place where they are required.

3. Inventory control: Additional demand can be met in less time, the need for inventory will also be low.

4. Ware housing: Need arises to fill the gap between the time when the product is produced & time when it is required for consumption.

Channels of Distribution

• Includes a series of firms/ individuals/ people/institutions/merchants and functionaries who form a network which helps in the transfer of title to a product from the producer to the end consumer.

• They help to overcome time, place and possession gaps that separate the goods and services from those who need/want them from those who want them

Types of Channels:

Direct Channel — Manufacturer-Customer. Eg. mail order, internet, door to door selling.

Indirect Channel —

1. Manufacturer-Retailer-Customer.

Usually used for specialty goods like expensive watches, appliances, Cars( Maruti Udyog) etc.

2. Manufacture-wholesaler-Retailer-customer.

Usually used for consumer goods like soaps , salt etc.

3. Manufacture → Agent → Wholesaler → Retailer → Customer

Factors Determining Choice of Channels of Distribution

IV. P-Promotion Mix

Tools/Elements of Promotion Mix

1. Advertising: Most commonly used tool of promotion. It is an impersonal form to communication, which is paid by the marketers (sponsors) to promote goods and services. Common mediums are newspaper, magazine, television & radio.

Role or Importance of Advertising

1. Paid Form –sponsorer has to bear the costs of communicating with the prospective buyer.

2. Impersonality – no direct face to face contact between prospects and advertisers. Creates a monologue and not a dialogue.

3. Identified Sponsor –undertaken by an identified individual who makes the advertising effort and bears the costs of it.

4. Mass Reach – large number of people over a large geographical area can be reached.

5. Enhancing Customer Satisfaction And Confidence – creates confidence and prospective buyers feel more comfortable and assured about the product quality

6. Expressiveness – due to development in art, computer designs and graphics, special effect can be created that makes simple products and messages look attractive.

7. Economy- because of its wide reach, overall cost of advertising gets spread over a wide audience and per unit cost of reach ↓.

Objections against Advertising: Though advertising is one of the most frequently used medium of promotion of goods & services but it attracts a lot of criticism/objections against it, which are as follows: 1. Increased Product Price: Which is ultimately added to product cost, manufacturers pass this cost to ultimate customers. 2. Confusion to Customers: The number of advertisements shown for a single product having different brands confuse the customers and it becomes very difficult for them to make choice. 3. Encouraging sale of Inferior Products: In many cases some product features are over emphasized. 4. Advertisement of Bad Tastes: Events, models degrade the human dignity. 5. Undermines Social Values and Promotes Materialism: It induces the customers to buy more and more products. Because of emphasis on materialism, social relationships are distorted which brings social disorder. In the changed economic environment of globalisation, advertising is considered as an important tool of marketing. It helps a firm in effectively communicating with its target market, increasing the sale and thereby reducing the per unit cost of production. It is not a social waste rather it adds value to the social cause by giving a boost to production and generating employment.

2. Personal Selling Personal selling consists of contacting prospective buyers of product personally i.e face to face interaction between seller and buyer for the purpose of sale.

Features of the Personal Selling

1. Personal contact is established under personal selling.

2. Oral conversation.

3. Quick solution of queries.

4. Receipt of additional information.

1. Physical qualities: Tidy appearance, good posture, cheerful smile etc

2. Psychological qualities: good nature with Empathy and ego drive,

3. Technical quality: Full technical knowledge about the product,

4. Good communication skills – Polite, tactful, having good manners etc

5. Honesty,

6. Courtesy,

7. Persistent- must not give up as one additional argument can close a sale.

Merits of Sales Promotion:

1. Attention Value: Attract attention of people through use of incentives. 2. Useful In New Product Launch: Sales promotion tools induce people to break away from their regular buying behavior and try new products. 3. Synergy in Total Promotional Efforts: Sales promotion activities add to the overall effectiveness of the promotional efforts (advertising and personal selling) of a firm.

• Limitations Of Sales Promotion – if used frequently: a. Reflects Crisis: A firm that frequently relies on sales promotion activities may give the impression that it is unable to manage its sales and there are no takers for its products. b. Spoils Product Image: Consumers may feel that the products are not of good quality or are not appropriately priced.

1. Product Combination: Offering another product as gift along with the purchase of a product.

2. Istant draws and assigned gift: Scratch a card and instantly win a prize with the purchase of a TV, T. Shirt, Refrigerator etc.

3. Q uantity Gift: Offering extra quantity of the product e.g., Buy three LUX soaps and get one free.

4. Refunds: Refunding a part of price paid by customer on production of some proof of purchase. e.g Rs 2 off on presentation of empty pack of Ruffle lays

5. Sampling : Offer of free samples of the product to potential customers. Generally used at the time of introduction of a product.

Public Relations

“The Chartered Institute of Public Relations” defines Public Relations as a strategic management function that adds value to an organization by helping it to manage its reputation Public relations covers a wide range of tactics, usually involve providing

information to independent media sources in the hope of gaining favorable coverage. It also involves a mix of promoting specific products, services and events and promoting the overall brand of an organization, which is an ongoing tact. Public Relation tools include:

1. Press Release: A press release is an announcement of an event, performance, or other newsworthy item that is issued to the press by a public relations professional of an organization. It is written in the form of a story with an attractive heading so that the media quickly grasp and circulates the message through newspaper/radio/television/internet.

2. Press Kits: It is a comprehensive package of information outlining a company’s products and services most frequently sent to members of the press. It includes

• A brief company biography.

• Information of senior management.

• Comments from customers.

• Reprints of newspaper and magazine articles.

• Photos of products.

3. Brochures: It is a booklet published by the organization which contains the organization’s background, its ethics, vision, mission, its past, present and future projects, its CISP, etc. E.g.: brochure given to new employees to give them a gist of the organization.

4. Newsletter: It is a printed publication produced at regular intervals focusing on a particular set of people. The content of a newsletter is presented in a writing style that is less formal and letter-like. For example, a newsletter published by a college consists of information about activities conducted during a particular period, special achievements by students or teachers, etc.

5. Events and Press support: Special events are acts of news development. The ingredients are time, place, people, activities, drama, showmanship; one special event may have many subsidiary events, such as luncheons, banquets, contests, speeches, and many others as part of the buildup.

6. Conferences and Seminars: Conferences and seminars are conducted for making people aware about the organization. For example travel companies generally call prospective clients and offer travel packages. The members are contacted through telephones and asked to attend seminar.

7. Websites: A website acts as a window for the outside world to know an organization. So it is designed not just to serve as a resource for members, but also to present a positive message to non-members who are browsing through.

ROLE OF ‘PR’ IN AN ORIGINATION

(i) Smooth functioning of business and achievement of objectives. (ii) Building corporate image that affects favorably on its products. Up keep of parks, gardens, sponsoring sports activities etc.

  • CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free
  • CBSE Revision notes for Class 12 Business Studies PDF
  • CBSE Revision notes Class 12 Business Studies – CBSE
  • CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 12 Business Studies
  • Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Business Studies class 12
  • Short notes for CBSE class 12th Business Studies
  • Key notes and chapter summary of Business Studies class 12
  • Quick revision notes for CBSE board exams

CBSE Class-12 Revision Notes and Key Points

Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies. CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Business Studies, Chemistry, Math’s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

  • Revision Notes for class-12 Physics
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Chemistry
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Mathematics
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Biology
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Accountancy
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Economics
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Business Studies
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Computer Science
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Informatics Practices
  • Revision Notes for class-12 English Core
  • Revision Notes for class-12 History
  • Revision Notes for class-12 Physical Education

To download Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies, sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through  the best app for CBSE students  and myCBSEguide website.

  • Nature and Significance of Management class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Principles of Management class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Business Environment class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Planning class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Organizing class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Staffing class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Directing class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Controlling class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Financial Management class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Financial Markets class 12 Notes Business Studies
  • Consumer Protection class 12 Notes Business Studies

Test Generator

Create question paper PDF and online tests with your own name & logo in minutes.

Question Bank, Mock Tests, Exam Papers, NCERT Solutions, Sample Papers, Notes

Related Posts

Leave a comment.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

  • NCERT Solutions
  • NCERT Class 12
  • NCERT Class 12 Business Studies
  • Chapter 11: Marketing

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 - Marketing

* According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 10.

NCERT Solutions is an extremely helpful resource to prepare well for the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies examination. This study material provides students with deep knowledge of the concepts and topics covered in the chapter, and the solutions of NCERT designed by the subject-matter wizards are easy to understand.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 – Marketing help students clear their doubts while solving the textbook questions and thus achieve high ranks in the Class 12 board examinations. The Class 12 NCERT Solutions provides a clear picture of what is market and its functioning.

Download the PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 – Marketing

ncert solution for class 12 business studies chapter 11 01

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11

Very short answer questions ncert business studies solutions class 12 chapter 11.

Q.1 State any two advantages of branding to marketers of goods and services.

The advantages of branding to marketers of goods and services are as follows:

1. It enables a firm to distinguish its product from the competitor firm.

2. A product, when provided with branding, will make it known among customers and will attract new business. Branding makes advertising the product easier.

Q.2 How does branding help in differential pricing?

A brand name helps in creating an image among consumers about the product’s quality. It helps customers differentiate the products of different firms. Marketers can charge different prices, and having a good brand image, the organisation can charge premium prices.

Q.3 What is the societal concept of marketing?

The societal concept of marketing is the concept where the needs of the market are identified by the organisation along with target customers. It helps in delivering products and services efficiently. Businesses should meet the long-term requirements of the consumer and look after their well-being through their products.

Q.4 List the characteristics of convenience products.

Products that can be bought immediately on a frequent basis and with minimum effort are referred to as convenience products. The following are the characteristics of convenience products:

1. Products are easily available, and there is minimum effort and time are required. Also, products are located in convenient places.

2. These products are frequently consumed and have an ongoing demand. Essential commodities are classified as convenience products.

3. Convenience goods are available at low prices and in units of small products.

4. These products have high competition and require a good amount of advertising.

Q.5 Enlist the advantages of packaging consumer products.

Packaging is the technique of designing a container for a product. It has the following advantages:

1. It enables product differentiation.

2. By using different colours, symbols and pictures, it acts as a promotional tool.

3. Greater convenience is achieved in product handling.

4. It protects the quality of the product by preventing the breaking or spoiling of the product during transportation and storage.

Q.6 What are the limitations of advertising as a promotional tool? Enlist.

Advertising as a promotional tool has the following limitations:

1. It is less forceful due to a lack of personal communication

2. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising

3. Advertisements are standard in form and cannot be modified as per different consumer group requirements.

4. The effectiveness is low as there can be a large number of advertisements.

Q.7 List five shopping products purchased by you or your family during the last few months.

The following products were purchased:

2. Mixer Grinder

3. Electric Iron

5. Laptop Accessories

Q.8 A marketer of colour TV, having 20% of the current market share of the country, aims at enhancing the market share to 50 per cent in the next three years. To achieve this objective, he specified an action programme. Name the function of marketing being discussed above. (Ans. Marketing planning.)

The most important activity that a marketer needs to develop is an appropriate marketing plan that will help in achieving the objectives. In this question, it is marketing planning that needs to be implemented so as to decide on the strategies that should be put into action for achieving the objectives.

Short Answer Questions NCERT Business Studies Solutions Class 12 Chapter 11

Q.1 What is marketing? What functions does it perform in the process of exchange of goods and services? Explain.

Marketing is the process where there is interaction between buyers and sellers for the purchase of goods and services. Marketing has different approaches, sometimes involving pre and post-production processes. Marketing performs the following functions in the exchange of goods and services:

1. Planning

2. Designing of the product

3. Packaging

4. Labelling

5. Branding

6. Warehousing

7. Transportation

8. Support services

Q.2 Distinguish between the product concept and production concept of marketing.

Q3. Product is a bundle of utilities? Do you agree? Comment.

A customer, at the time of purchasing a product, will look forward to the utility that the product offers. Customers seek many types of benefits from a product which can be social, psychological or functional. Therefore, it can be said that the product is a bundle of utilities as there are many benefits of owning the product.

Q.4 What are industrial products? How are they different from consumer products? Explain.

The products that are used as inputs in the production of other goods are known as industrial products. These goods are used as raw materials for producing finished goods, on the other hand, consumer products are those products that customers utilise for consumption. The points of distinction between industrial and consumer products are as follows:

Q.5 Distinguish between convenience product and shopping product.

Q.6 Describe the functions of labelling in the marketing of products.

Labelling is an important part of the packaging process. It gives the product users a basic idea of what the product is all about. Here are the functions of labelling:

1. It provides a small description of the product where it mentions the application, warnings, directions of use etc.

2. It helps to identify the product easily. It helps consumers to differentiate between products.

3. It helps in easy classification into different categories of the same product.

4. It helps businesses to promote their product. Attractive labelling is a great way to promote any product.

5. It provides the necessary information as mandated by law regarding the product.

Q.7 Discuss the role of intermediaries in the distribution of consumer non-durable products.

Intermediaries are an important part of product marketing. They help in the transfer of goods from the production centre to the consumers.

In the case of non-durables, intermediaries perform the following functions:

1. Sorting goods into homogeneous groups based on their characteristics.

2. Maintains large stock of goods that ensures supply is well maintained.

3. Breaking down bigger stocks into small units.

4. Maintaining a variety of goods in a single place.

5. Helping the manufacturers in promoting the product by putting up display boards and banners.

6. By acting as a middleman and setting the deal by negotiating the product price so that both consumer and manufacturer are satisfied.

7. Acquiring goods from manufacturers and keeping them in safe custody and bearing the risk of market fluctuations.

Q.8 Explain the components of physical distribution briefly.

The movement of products from the place of production to the place of consumption is called physical distribution. The components of physical distribution are as follows:

1. Order processing: Order processing consists of steps such as order placement, order transmission, inventory maintenance, goods delivery etc. As such processes are time-consuming, a physical distribution system must ensure proper order processing. Customer satisfaction can be achieved by fast and accurate order processing.

2. Product transportation: Product transportation is the physical movement of goods from the production unit to the consumers.

3. Warehousing: It is the process of storing the goods obtained from manufacturers before being introduced for sale to the customers. Warehouses provide ready stock of goods that can be made available in the market.

4. Inventory maintenance: Inventory is maintained to provide a timely supply of goods; it promotes customer satisfaction. Inventory maintenance is cost intensive; therefore, a firm must find the balance between inventory and customer satisfaction.

Q.9 Define advertising. What are its main features? Explain.

Advertising is a technique for promoting a product. Companies use advertising as a medium to attract customers towards their products in order to make a sale. The most common mediums of advertising are newspapers, television, internet, social media, magazines etc.

Here are some of the important features of advertising:

1. Advertising is a paid form of promoting products or services. The sponsor bears the cost of advertising.

2. It is an impersonal mode of communication. It involves no face-to-face communication between the advertiser and the customer. It is devoid of personal touch.

3. There are some sponsors who like to design an advertisement and also bear the costs that are involved.

Q.10 Discuss the role of ‘sales promotion’ as an element of the promotion mix.

Sales promotions are incentives that are sometimes offered to encourage sales of the product. The typical sales promotions will include gifts, discounts, free samples etc. These activities are in addition to the other promotional activities taken by the company, such as direct selling and advertising. These promotions drive purchases. Sales promotional activities are beneficial during a new product launch, where they can boost sales.

Q.11 As marketing manager of a big hotel located at an important tourist destination, what societal concerns would be faced by you and what steps would you plan to take care of these concerns? Discuss.

The marketing manager will face the following societal concerns:

1. The activities that are carried out by businesses should not cause environmental pollution.

2. The facilities offered in the hotel should be pocket friendly.

To resolve these concerns, the manager can take the following steps:

1. To solve the pollution issue, the manager can check that wastes from the hotel are managed in a proper way. Wastes should be disposed of as per their characteristics, such as dry and wet waste.

2. The prices for the items that are sold inside the hotel premises must not be more than the maximum retail price of the item.

Q.12 What information is generally placed on the package of a food product? Design a label for one of the food products of your choice.

The most common information provided in food packages are as follows:

1. Product name

2. Manufacturer name and address of plant

2. Logo of the product

3. Ingredients of the products

4. Directions of use/How to prepare

5. Product features

6. Caution (if needed to be taken)

7. Customer care or grievance cell number

Q.13 For buyers of consumer durable products, what ‘customer care services’ would you plan as a manager of a firm marketing a new brand of motorcycle? Discuss.

Customer care services for the marketing of motorcycles are as follows:

1. Support for EMI payments

2. Support for an extended warranty on bikes

3. Zero finance schemes

4. Servicing reminders

5. Two-wheeler insurance schemes support

Long Answer Questions NCERT Solutions Business Studies Class 12 Chapter 11

Q.1 What is the marketing concept? How does it help in the effective marketing of goods and services?

The marketing concept is a part of marketing management that puts more emphasis on customer satisfaction. It is the belief that customer satisfaction is vital for the success of any business. A business can grow if only it identifies the needs of customers and works towards getting those needs fulfilled. The business will maximise profits if it is customer-centric. The marketing concept is that people purchase a product to satisfy a need which can be social, psychological etc. Therefore, all the decisions must be taken by the organisation with the customer’s needs in mind.

Marketing concept puts emphasis on the customer, and therefore all the activities related to marketing of goods and services will be targeted towards the customer. As the customer is the focus, the goods or services will be very effectively sold.

Q.2 What is marketing mix? What are its main elements? Explain.

The marketing mix is a set of marketing tools that a company uses to promote their product or brand in the market. Marketing tools are factors that determine the outcome of the business. The marketing mix consists of 4 P’s, which are product, price, place and promotion, and are described in detail below:

1. Product: A product is any good or service that offers the customer value and satisfies their needs. The product must satisfy the requirements of the customer then only it will be successful. It should also contain proper sales support and services.

2. Price: Price is the second factor of the marketing mix. It refers to the money customers pay to obtain any service or goods. Price is an essential factor for consumers. It affects the demand for a product. With the rise in price, the demand reduces and vice versa. Business organisations should analyse the various factors that will be suitable to determine the price of the product. The pricing should be determined by taking into consideration target customers and the pricing policy followed by competitors. The price fixed for a product must make the customer feel that it is adequate for the product.

3. Place: In addition to product and pricing, a firm must also decide on the place where it will be making the product available to the customers. A firm must find the appropriate distributors and dealers for the goods. Other important decisions that can be taken are the location of warehousing, inventory storage and transportation of goods.

4. Promotion: Promotion refers to those activities where consumers are made aware of the product availability utilising various strategies such as sales, advertising, banners, online promotion etc. The medium of promotion should be carefully decided by the organisation in order to derive maximum reach.

Q.3 How does branding help in creating product differentiation? Does it help in the marketing of goods and services?

Branding is the process of giving a totally unique name, symbol and logo for the product so that it is easy to identify by the customer. By using branding, firms bring about differentiation (based on name, symbol, logo) in their product from other similar products available in the market.

Branding, in addition to helping in product differentiation, also helps in marketing of goods and services. The following points highlight the importance of branding towards marketing of goods and services.

1. Branding helps a firm in product advertisement, and advertisement is possible only when product branding is done. Without branding, the advertisement will be created for the whole product class.

2. Branding helps create loyalty among consumers. Firms can use this loyalty and charge prices which is different from their competitors. The consumer, due to the loyalty associated with the brand, will be willing to pay a premium for the product.

3. Branding helps in establishing a base which helps in pushing for a new product that is produced by the firm. Any new product launched by an already established brand name will make the users try the product as they have an already developed loyalty for the brand.

Q.4 What are the factors affecting the determination of the price of a product or service? Explain

Price is the amount of money that is paid by the customers to obtain a product. The price will determine the demand for the product in the market. Price also plays an important role in product marketing. If there is any change in the price, it will impact the revenues and the profits of the business. Firms producing similar goods will compete with each other in the market on the basis of the price of the product.

Here are the factors that determine the price of any product or service:

1. Product cost plays an important role in determining the final price of the product. The product cost will involve costs related to production, distribution and the sale of the product. The type of cost associated with a product can be either fixed, variable or semi-variable in nature. Fixed costs are those costs that are a one-time cost and do not change with the output, while variable costs vary with the production, and these include labour cost, raw material etc. Semi-variable costs vary with the level of output, but the proportion is not the same. Therefore, before determining the price of a product, a firm has to make a note of all these costs so that profit can be obtained by selling the product.

2. To determine the pricing of a product, a firm has to also check the demand for the product in the market. To determine the demand, the concept of elasticity of demand is important. It refers to the proportion of change in the demand for an item due to a corresponding change in the price of the product. The demand can be said as elastic if, due to a small change in price, the demand gets changed by a large margin. In such a situation, a firm is unable to charge a high price as it will result in a reduction in the demand for the product. If the demand is inelastic, the change in price will not affect the demand that much.

3. If the level of competition in the market is more in the market, the firm cannot charge more for the product, as charging a high price in a competitive market will make customers move towards the competitors. Similarly, for a firm having less or no competition, it can charge a high price.

4. Government, at times, may intervene in the pricing mechanism for the public interest.

5. Each firm will have a separate objective for pricing. Some of the objectives of pricing are as follows:

i. Firm aim to maximise the profit, the firms may have a short or long-term objective for maximising profit, and in such case, their pricing strategy will be accordingly.

ii. For a firm looking to capture a greater portion of the market, it would charge a price that is lower than its competitors.

iii. In situations of stiff competition, a firm will reduce its price to be more acceptable to consumers.

iv. For firms focusing on quality products, a higher price can be charged.

6. The types of marketing used by the firm will also determine the price. The marketing techniques will involve advertisement and branding campaigns, which will determine the price. If more budget is used in running an advertisement campaign, then prices will be high.

Q.5 What do you mean by channels of distribution? What functions do they play in the distribution of goods and services? Explain.

Channels of distribution are those institutions, agents or individuals who help in the process of providing distribution. Due to the spread of customers across large areas, it is not possible for businesses to reach them alone. In this case, these channels of distribution will help the customers in making the product available.

The functions of the channels of distribution are as follows:

1. Supply of goods is received from different sources. But the goods can be of different shapes and sizes, it needs to be taken care of by the intermediary as per the characteristics.

2. The segregated items will be collected by a middleman and stored to ensure a good supply.

3. Goods are packed into units by another middleman.

4. Intermediaries such as retailers will keep a stock of different items for selling to the consumer.

5. Retailers will help manufacturers in promoting the product by offering sales promotions.

6. The intermediaries form a link between the producer and the consumer.

7. Intermediaries also bear the risk of storing goods in uncertain situations or situations of low demand.

Q.6 Explain the major activities involved in the physical distribution of products.

The movement of products from the place of production to the place of consumption is called physical distribution. The major activities involved in the physical distribution of products are as follows:

Q.7 Expenditure on advertising is a social waste’ Do you agree? Discuss

Advertising expenditure is considered as social waste due to multiple factors, such as it adds to the cost of the production of the company and also increases customer requirements for more such products. The following points will help in determining whether advertising is a social waste or not.

1. Advertising is high-cost intensive; the businesses thus pass on this cost to the consumers at the time of determining the price of the product. But the positive point that can be seen is that advertisement can help in reducing the cost of production by increasing customer demand for the product.

2. The major point which impacts advertising is that it weakens social values and promotes the sense of materialism in society. Customers want to acquire any new product to fulfil their desires. But this process will run forever as long as any new product is prepared.

3. Advertisements are said to create confusion among customers as so many different varieties of the same product will be available in the market. Customers get confused as to which brand to buy.

4. Advertisement is done for both good and bad quality products. Again, the good and bad quality concepts will vary from customer to customer.

5. Advertisements are said to erode social values by using content, images, action, gestures or language, which is not acceptable by all sections of society. Again, the same rule will apply that what is perceived as bad by someone may be seen as good by the other.

Q.8 Distinguish between advertising and personal selling.

Q.9 Explain the factors determining the choice of channels of distribution.

The most important decision in marketing is the use of a channel of distribution. It is influenced by the following factors:

1. Distribution will depend on the type of product that is produced. It should be checked if the product is of the following characteristics:

i. Perishable or non-perishable

ii. High or low-value product

iii. Industrial or Consumer product

iv. The degree of complexity of the product.

2. The company characteristics will also play a major role in determining the choice of product, the major points are the degree of control the company wants to have on intermediaries and the financial strength of the company. As a rule of thumb, shorter distribution channels offer more control to financially strong companies.

3. The level of competition and the distribution channel strategies adopted by the competitors is critical in determining the distribution adopted by the company. The company can adopt a similar strategy or use a different one after analysing the competitor.

4. Various environmental factors such as legal policies and financial constraints also impact the channel of distribution decision. If more legal complexities are involved in the association of larger channels of distribution, then companies will be more interested in opting for shorter channels of distribution.

5. The choice of channel distribution can also be affected by various market factors such as demand, size of the market, and demographics of buyers. If the user base spans a large area, then larger distribution channels can be opted for, and vice versa.

Concepts covered in this chapter are listed below:

  • Meaning of Market
  • Meaning of Customer
  • Marketer or Seller
  • Definition of Marketing

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 provides a wide range of illustrative examples, which helps the students to comprehend and learn quickly. The above-given are the NCERT Solutions according to the Class 12 CBSE syllabus. For more solutions and study materials of NCERT solutions for Class 12 Business Studies , visit BYJU’S or download BYJU’S – The Learning App for more information.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

marketing management assignment class 12

  • Share Share

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.

close

Counselling

Live Support

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

  • Marketing Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)
  • Revision Notes

ffImage

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 - Free PDF Download

The Class 12 Business Studies revision notes Chapter 11 includes and summarises all of the key concepts such as the definition of marketing, features of marketing, functions of marketing, marketing mix, marketing mix ingredients, and so on. The NCERT Class 12 Revision Notes Business Studies Chapter 11 assist students in understanding all of the important ideas discussed in this chapter. The revision notes PDF are written in a straightforward manner to provide students with a better learning experience prepared and curated by the subject-matter experts at Vedantu and this PDF can be downloaded for free from Vedantu app and official website.

Topics Covered in Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing

Introduction to Marketing

Features of Marketing

Marketing Management

Marketing Management Philosophies (The Production Concept, Product Concept, The Marketing Concept, The Selling Concept, The Societal Marketing Concept)

Differences in the Marketing Management Philosophies

Functions of Marketing

Role of Marketing 

Marketing Mix Elements (Product, Price, Place, And Promotion)

Advertising

Physical Distribution

Personal Selling

Download CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes 2023-24 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 12 Business studies revision notes for other chapters:

Related Chapters

Arrow-right

Access Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes Chapter 11 Marketing

Meaning of market .

The term "market" refers to the gathering place of buyers and sellers to conduct transactions involving the exchange of goods and services. The term "market" comes from the Latin word "Marcatus," which means "to trade."

Marketing 

Marketing is defined as "a human activity aimed at satisfying needs and desires through an exchange process."

Philip Kotler 

Marketing concept is a key to determining the needs, desires of target markets, delivering the desired satisfactions more efficiently and effectively by competitors is critical to achieving organizational goals.

Features of Marketing 

1. Needs and Wants:  

The marketing process assists consumers in obtaining what they require and desire.

A need is said to be known as a state of deprivation or the feeling that one is depriving oneself of something.

Needs are fundamental to human beings and are unrelated to a specific product.

2. Creating a Market Offering:  

Market offering is the process of offering and introducing a product or service with specific features such as size, quality, taste, and so on for the purpose of selling.

3. Customer Value:  

Marketing used to facilitate the exchange of goods as well as services between buyers and sellers.

4. Exchange Mechanism:  

The exchange mechanism is used in the marketing process. 

Exchange refers to the process where two or more parties used to come together in order to get the desired goods or service from someone while in exchange for something. For example, money is the medium of exchange used to purchase or sell a product or service.

 The following conditions needs to be met in order for an exchange to take place:

a. There must be at least two parties.

b. providing something of value to the other party 

c. communication 

d. freedom to accept or reject offer 

e. willingness of the parties to enter into a transaction

What can be Marketed? 

1. Physical product 

2. Services 

3. Ideas 

4. Person 

5. Palace 

6. Experience 

7. Properties 

8. Events 

9. Information 

10. Organisation 

Marketer 

A marketer is anyone who makes an extra effort to identify the needs of the consumers and offer the product or service as well as persuade them in order to buy in the process of exchange. .

Sellers, as marketers, are the ones who provide satisfaction. They make products/services available and sell them to customers in order to meet their needs and desires.

They are classified as follows: 

a. goods marketers (such as Hindustan Lever) 

b. services marketers (such as Indian Airlines) 

c. others marketing experiences or places (such as Walt Disney) (like tourist destinations).

Marketing activities are those undertaken by marketers in order to facilitate the exchange of goods and services between producers and consumers.

Marketing Management  

Marketing management is the administration of marketing functions.

It is considered as the process of organizing, directing as well as controlling the activities associated with marketing goods and services in order to meet the needs of customers and achieve organizational goals.

“Marketing management is defined as the art and science of selecting target markets and acquiring, retaining, and growing customers by creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer service.”

                                                                                                                                  Philip Kotler 

The Process of Management of Marketing Involves: 

a. Identifying a target market

b. Creating demand by producing products that meet the needs and interests of customers.

c. Create, develop, and communicate superior customer values: To provide superior value products/services to prospective customers, and to communicate these values to other potential buyers in order to persuade them to purchase the product/service.

Marketing and Selling 

Marketing: It refers to a broad range of activities, of which selling is only one component. Before making a sale, a marketer must plan the type, design, and price of the product, as well as select the distribution channels and the appropriate promotional mix for the target market.

Selling: refers to the sale of a product or service through advertising, promotion, and salesmanship. The product's title is transferred from seller to buyer. The primary goal of selling is to turn a product into cash.

Difference Between Marketing and Selling

Marketing Management Philosophies  

Marketing Concepts/Philosophies usually refers to determining the needs as well as wants of the target markets & then delivering the desired satisfactions more efficiently and effectively by competitors is critical to achieving organizational goals.

1. Production Concept:  

Because the number of producers was limited in the early days of the industrial revolution, industrialists assumed that consumers were only interested in easily and widely available goods at an affordable price.

2. Product Concept:  

As time passed, supply improved, and customers began to prefer products that were superior in performance, quality, and features.

As a result, product improvement has become the key to a company's profit maximization.

3. Selling Concept: 

Increased production scale resulted in increased competition among sellers. Because there were so many companies selling similar products, product quality and availability were insufficient to ensure survival.

Consumers will not buy products unless the company engages in aggressive sales and promotional activities.

4. Marketing Concept : 

Marketing begins with determining what consumers want in order to satisfy consumers and profit. 

Customer satisfaction is a prerequisite for achieving the firm's goals and objectives.

5. Social Marketing Concept:  

Customer satisfaction is supplemented by social welfare in this concept. 

A company that adopts the societal concept must balance the company's profits, consumer satisfaction, and societal interests.

Functions of Marketing  

1. Gathering and Analyzing Market Information:  

Systematic fact-gathering and information-analysis

Examining a business environment's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Identifying customer needs and desires, determining purchasing motivations, selecting a brand name, packaging, and promotional media, and so on.

Data is available from both primary and secondary sources.

2. Marketing Planning :  

Create an appropriate marketing plan in order to meet marketing objectives.

It should specify the action plans to achieve these goals.

For example, if a marketer wants to increase his country's market share in the next three years, his marketing plan should include various important aspects such as a plan for increasing production levels, product promotion, and so on.

3. Product Designing and Development:  

Involves decisions about the product to be manufactured and its attributes, such as quality considerations, packaging, new models and variations, and so on.

A good design can improve the performance of the product while also giving it a competitive advantage in the market.

Anticipate customer needs and create new products or improve existing ones to meet those needs.

4. Standardization and Grading:  

Standardisation refers to the production of goods that meet predetermined specifications, which aids in the production of uniformity and consistency (e.g., ISI Mark).

Grading is said to be the process of categorizing different products into different groups based on important characteristics such as quality, size, and so on.

5. Packaging and Labeling:  

Packaging is called as the process of designing as well as developing a package for a product that protects it from damage, spoilage, breakage, and leakage. It also makes purchasing easier for customers and serves as a marketing tool.

Labeling is the process of designing a label to be placed on a package. It can range from a simple tag to intricate graphics. For example, colgate, lays, and so on.

6. Branding: 

It aids in product differentiation, builds customer loyalty, and promotes sales. 

An important decision area is branding strategy, which determines whether each product will have a separate brand name or the same brand name will be used for all products.

7. Customer Support Services:  

Customer support services are extremely effective at increasing prospective customer sales and developing brand loyalty for a product.

It aims to provide maximum customer satisfaction while also building brand loyalty.

Examples include sales services, customer complaints and adjustments, credit services, maintenance services, technical services, and consumer information.

8. Pricing of Product: 

Product price refers to the amount of money that customers must pay in order to obtain a product.

It is an important factor in a product's success or failure.

Because the price of a product/service is related to its demand, the price should be set after considering all of the factors that influence the price of the product.

9. Promotion:  

Product and service promotion entails informing customers about the firm's product, its features, and so on, and persuading them to purchase the products.

Promotional methods include advertising, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion.

10. Physical Distribution:  

The two major decision areas under this function are 

(a) the channels of distribution or marketing intermediaries to be used (e.g. wholesalers, retailers); and the marketing intermediaries to be used.

(b) Physical movement of the product from the point of manufacture to the point of consumption.

11. Transportation:  

Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from one location to another. 

When selecting a mode of transportation, various factors such as the nature of the product, cost, location of the target market, and so on should be considered.

12. Storage or Warehousing:  

Proper storage of products is required to maintain a smooth flow of products in the market. 

Storage and warehousing are used to protect against unavoidable delays in delivery or to meet contingencies in demand.

Marketing Mix 

A large number of factors influence marketing decisions; these are classified as ‘non-controllable factors' and ‘controllable factors.'

Controllable factors are those that can be influenced at the firm level.

Environmental variables are factors that influence a decision but are not controllable at the firm level.

In order to be successful, a company must make sound decisions after analyzing controllable factors and keeping environmental factors in mind.

Marketing Mix refers to the set of marketing tools that a company employs to achieve its marketing objectives in the target market.

The success of a market offer is determined by how well these ingredients are combined to provide superior value to customers while also meeting sales and profit goals.

Elements of Marketing Mix 

The marketing mix consists of four main elements 

A. Product 

B. Price 

C. Place/Physical Distribution 

D. Promotion 

These elements are used to popularly known as 4 P’s of the marketing. 

1. Product: A product is defined as "anything of value" that is offered for sale in the market. Colgate, Dove, and so on.

2. Price: the sum of money that a customer must pay in order to obtain a product or service.

3. Place: Physical product distribution, i.e. making the product available to customers at the point of sale.

4. Promotion: Informing customers about the products and convincing them to purchase them.

Product 

A product, in the eyes of the customer, is a collection of utilities that is purchased because of its ability to meet a specific need.

Classification of Products  

Classification of Product

Products can be classified into two categories: 

(i) Consumers ‘products, 

(ii) Industrial products. 

A. Shopping Efforts Involved  

On the basis of the buyers' time and effort.

1. Convenience Products: Convenience goods are consumer products that are frequently purchased for immediate use. Medicines, newspapers, stationery, toothpaste, and so on.

2. Shopping Products: Shopping products are those in which buyers spend a significant amount of time comparing the quality, price, style, suitability, and so on at various stores before making a final purchase. For example, electronic goods, automobiles, and so on.

3. Specialty Products: Specialty products are goods that have unique characteristics that compel customers to go out of their way to purchase them. For example, art, antiques, and so on.

B. Durability of Products  

1. Non-durable Products: These are consumer goods that are consumed in a short period of time. For example, milk, soap, stationery, and so on.

2. Durable Products: Tangible items that can withstand repeated use, such as a refrigerator, radio, bicycle, and so on.

3. Services: Intangible services are those activities, benefits, or satisfactions that are sold, such as dry cleaning, watch repairs, hair cutting, postal services, doctor services, and so on.

Industrial Products  

Industrial products are those that are used as inputs in the manufacturing process.

Classification of Industrial Goods

Characteristics  

Number of Buyers 

Channel Levels 

Geographic Concentration 

Derived Demand 

Role of Technical Considerations 

Reciprocal Buying 

Leasing Out 

Classification 

Materials and Parts: items that are completely incorporated into the manufacturer's products.

Capital Items: the manufacture of finished goods, such as installations and equipment.

Supplies and Business Services: short-term goods and services that aid in the development or management of the final product. Repairs and maintenance, for example.

Branding:  

Branding is the process of creating a corporate brand identity for consumers and imprinting that brand identity on their minds, which necessitates brand positioning and brand management.

                                                                                                                      Amazon's Jeff Bezos

The process of developing a product's distinct identity. It is the process of identifying a product by using a name, term, symbol, or design alone or in some combination.

Brand: A name, term, sign, design, or some combination of the above used to identify and differentiate the seller's products from those of competitors.

Advantages to the Marketers  

Enables Product Differentiation Through Marking: It aids in distinguishing its product from that of its competitors.

Aids in the development of advertising and display programs

Differential Pricing: It allows a company to charge different prices for different products.

Ease of New Product Introduction

Advantages to the Customers 

Aids in Product Identification: Assists customers in identifying products.

Ensures Quality: Ensures product quality 

Status Symbol: Brands become status symbols due to their quality As an example, consider Benz automobiles.

Characteristics of Good Brand Name  

Short, simple to say, spell, recognize, and remember

Suggest the product's advantages and characteristics.

Different from other products

Adaptable to packing or labeling requirements, as well as different advertising media and languages.

Versatile enough to accommodate new products;

Legally registered and protected 

Packaging 

Packaging: The act of designing and developing a product's container or wrapper. Because good packaging often aids in the sale of a product, it is referred to as a silent salesman.

Levels of Packaging 

1. Primary Package: This is the product's immediate container/covering, such as toffee in a wrapper, a match box, a soap wrapper, and so on.

2. Secondary Package: It's all about additional layers of protection that are kept until the product is ready for use, such as a red cardboard box for Colgate toothpaste.

3. Transportation Package: refers to additional packaging components required for storage, identification, and transportation, such as putting a package of toffees into cardboard boxes for storage at a manufacturer's warehouse and transportation.

Functions of Packaging 

Product Identification: Packaging aids in product identification.

Product Protection: The primary function of the packaging is to protect the product.

Facilitating Product Usage: It makes transportation, stocking, and consumption easier.

Product Promotion: Packaging makes sales promotion easier.

Rising Health and Sanitation Standards: It is believed that there is minimal adulteration in packaged goods.

Self-Service Outlets: Good and appealing packaging can help to promote a product.

Opportunities for Innovation: Packaging innovation has increased the shelf life of products.

For example, tetra packs for milk.

Product Differentiation: The color, size, material, and other characteristics of packaging influence customers' perceptions of the product's quality.

Labelling  

Labeling is the process of affixing identification marks to a package. Labels are information carriers that provide information such as the name of the product, the name of the manufacturer, the contents of the product, the expiry and manufacturing date, general information for use, weight, and so on.

Labels Perform Following Functions:  

1. Identify the product: It assists customers in identifying the product among the various types of products available. For example, the purple color of a Cadbury chocolate label easily distinguishes it from other chocolates.

2. Describe and specify the product's contents: The manufacturer provides all information regarding the product's contents, etc.

3. Product grading: With the help of labels, products can be classified into different categories based on quality, nature, and so on, for example: Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Yellow Label, Brooke Bond Green Label, and so on.

4. Aids in product promotion: Attractive and colorful labels excite customers and entice them to purchase the products. For example, 40 percent extra free, as stated on detergent, buy two get one free, and so on.

5. Providing legal information: There is a legal requirement to print the batch number, maximum retail price, weight/volume on all products, and a statutory warning on the packet of cigarettes, “Smoking is harmful to one's health”: In the event of a hazard on/poisonous material, appropriate safety warnings should be posted.

ii. Pricing 

Meaning of Price:  

It is considered as the sum of the values that customers exchange in exchange for the benefit of owning or using the product. Price can thus be defined as the sum of money paid by a buyer (or received by a seller) in exchange for the purchase of a product or service.

Factors Determining Price Determination:  

1. Pricing Objectives  

The marketing firm's goal is to maximize profits. Pricing objectives can be determined in both the short and long run. If the company wants to maximize profits in the short run, it will charge the highest price for its products. However, in order to maximize its total profit in the long run, it would choose a lower per unit price in order to capture a larger share of the market and earn higher profits through increased sales.

2. Product Cost:  

Price should cover all costs and aim to earn a reasonable profit above and beyond the cost.

It takes into account the costs of manufacturing, distribution, and sale of the product.

Costs establish the floor price, or the lowest price at which the product can be sold.

The price should rise. Total costs (Fixed costs/overheads + Variable costs + Semi-variable costs) in the long run, but in certain circumstances (introduction of a new product or entry into a new market), the product price may not cover all costs for a short period of time.

3. Utility and Demand:  

The utility provided by the product, as well as the demand for the product, determine the maximum price that a buyer will be willing to pay for that particular product.

Buyers would be willing to pay until the utility of the demand exceeded or equaled the utility derived from it.

According to the law of demand, consumers buy more at a lower price.

Demand elasticity is the responsiveness of demand to changes in product prices. If a small change in price leads to a larger change in quantity demanded, demand is elastic. Firms can set higher prices if demand is inelastic.

4. Extent of Competition in Market:

Before setting prices, competitors' prices and anticipated actions must be considered.

5. Government Policies:  

In the public interest, the government can intervene to regulate product prices.

6. Marketing Methods Used:  

Other marketing elements such as distribution system, sales promotion efforts, packaging type, product differentiation, credit facility, and so on all have an impact on the price fixing process.

iii. Physical Distribution 

A series of decisions must be made in order to make the product available for purchase and consumption by customers.

The marketer must ensure that the product is available in sufficient quantities, at the appropriate time, and in the appropriate location.

A channel of distribution is a group of companies and individuals who take title, or assist in the transfer of title, to specific goods or services as they move from producers to consumers.

Choosing an appropriate channel of distribution is a critical marketing decision that affects an organization's performance. It is a strategic decision whether the firm will use direct marketing channels or long channels involving a number of intermediaries.

1. Order Processing: Provide accurate and timely order processing, without which orders would arrive late or in the wrong quantity. As a result, customers will be dissatisfied, with the risk of losing business and goodwill.

2. Transportation: It transports goods from manufacturers to consumers, making the product available at the point of sale.

3. Inventory control: Choosing the level of inventory is an important inventory decision. Additional demand can be met in less time, and inventory requirements will be minimal.

4. Warehousing: The act of storing and sorting products in order to create time utility in them is referred to as warehousing. It is required to bridge the gap between the time the product is manufactured and the time it is distributed for consumption.

Components of Physical Distribution:  

Functions of Distribution Channels 

1. Sorting: Middlemen obtain supplies of goods from a variety of sources, which are not always of the same quality.

2. Accumulation: the accumulation of goods into larger homogeneous stocks that aid in the maintenance of a continuous flow of supply.

3. Allocation entails dividing homogeneous stock into smaller, more marketable lots.

4. Assorting: the collection of products for resale.

5. Product Promotion: Middlemen take part in activities such as demonstrations, special displays, and so on.

6. Bargaining: Manufacturers, intermediaries, and customers bargain over price, quality, and other issues.

7. Risk Taking: Merchant middlemen take title to the goods, assuming risks such as price and demand fluctuations, spoilage, destruction, and so on.

Channels of Distribution  

Consists of a network of firms, individuals, merchants, and functionaries who assist in the transfer of title to a product from the producer to the end consumer.

Intermediaries help to cover a large geographical area and increase distribution efficiency, including transportation, storage, and negotiation. They also provide customers with convenience by having a variety of items available in one location, as well as serving as an authentic source of market information because they are in direct contact with the customer.

Types of Channels:  

Direct Channel ( Zero Level)  

The manufacturer and the customer establish a direct relationship. Manufacturer-Customer. For example, mail order, internet, and door-to-door sales.

Indirect Channel  

The distribution network is referred to as indirect when a producer uses one or more intermediaries to move goods from the point of production to the point of sale.

1. Manufacturer-Retailer-Customer (One Level Channel)

Between the manufacturers and the customers, one intermediary, namely retailers, is used. Typically used for high-end items such as watches, appliances, automobiles (Maruti Udyog), and so on.

2. Manufacturer-wholesaler-Retailer-customer (Two Level Channel):  

This channel is primarily used for consumer goods distribution. Typically used for consumer goods such as soaps, salt, and so on.

3. Manufacturer → Agent → Wholesaler → Retailer → Customer (Three Level Channel):  

Manufacturers use their own selling agents or brokers in this case, who connect them with wholesalers, then retailers, and finally consumers.

Factors Determining Choice of Channels of Distribution  

The selection of an appropriate channel of distribution is a critical marketing decision.

1. Product Related Factors: The nature of the product, whether it is industrial or consumer goods, perishable or nonperishable, etc., determines the distribution channels used.

2. Company Characteristics: The company's financial strength and the level of control it wishes to exert over other channel members. Short channels are used to exert more control over intermediaries and vice versa.

3. Competitive Factors: Companies may copy the channels used by their competitors.

4. Market Factors: The size of the market as well as the geographical concentration of potential buyers influence channel selection.

5. Environmental Factors: Legal constraints and a country's economic situation. In a down economy, marketers use shorter distribution channels.

iv. Promotion  

Promotion is the use of communication with the dual goal of informing potential customers about a product or a service as well as persuading them to purchase it.

Promotion is a critical component of the marketing mix in which marketers use various communication tools to encourage the exchange of goods and services in the market.

It is a set of promotional tools/techniques used by a company to entice and persuade customers to buy its products.

Promotion Mix  

A promotion mix is considered as a combination of promotional tools used by a company to achieve its communication goals.

Promotion mix tools:  

(i) Advertising, 

(ii) Personal Selling, 

(iii) Sales Promotion, 

(iv) Publicity. 

1. Advertising  

Advertising, as defined by a specific sponsor, is a paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of goods, services, or ideas.

The most widely used promotional tool. It is a cold, impersonal form of communication that is paid for by marketers (sponsors) to promote their products and services. Newspapers, magazines, television, and radio are all common mediums.

Features 

Paid Form: The sponsor must bear the cost of communicating with customers.

Lack of Personalization: There is no direct face-to-face contact between the prospect and the advertiser.

Identified Sponsor: Advertising is done by a specific person or company.

Merits 

Mass Reach: a large number of people can be reached across a large geographical area.

Increasing customer satisfaction and trust.

Expressiveness: It is a powerful medium of communication.

Economy: Because of its wide reach, is a very cost-effective mode of communication.

Limitations  

Less Forceful: There is no pressure on the prospects to listen to the message.

Feedback Deficit:

Inflexibility: It is less flexible because the message is standardised and not tailored to the individual.

Low Efficacy: It is difficult to get advertising messages heard by the intended prospects.

Objections to Advertising  

Some critics argue that advertising is a social waste because it raises costs, multiplies people's needs, and undermines social values.

1. Adds to Cost: Unnecessary advertising raises the cost of the product, which is then passed on to the buyer in the form of high prices.

2. Undermines Social Values: It undermines social values while encouraging materialism.

3. Confuses the Buyers: A similar product of the same nature/quality confuses the buyer.

4. Encourages Sale of Inferior Products: It makes no distinction between superior and inferior goods.

5. Some Advertisements are in Bad Taste: These depict something that some people do not agree with.

2. Personal Selling  

Personal selling entails personally contacting prospective buyers of a product, i.e. engaging in a face-to-face interaction between seller as well as the buyer for the purpose of sale.

Features of the Personal Selling 

1. Under personal selling, personal contact is established.

2. Establishing relationships with prospective customers, which are critical in closing sales.

3. Oral communication

4. Quick response to queries.

Merits of Personal Selling  

1. Flexibility 

2. Direct Feedback 

3. Minimum wastage 

Role of Personal Selling 

Importance to Business Organisation 

(i) Effective Promotional Tool 

(ii) Versatile Tool 

(iii) Reduces Effort Wastage 

(iv) Consumer Attention 

(v) Long-Term Relationship 

(vi) Personal Relationship  

(vii) Role in the Introduction Stage 

(viii) Customer Relationship

Importance to Customers  

(i)Assist in the Identification of Needs

(ii) Up-to-date market information 

(iii) Expert advice 

(iv) Customers are enticed

Importance to Society 

(i)Converts the most recent demand 

(ii) Employment Possibilities 

(iii) Job Opportunities 

(iv) Salesperson Mobility 

(v) Standardization of Products

3. Sales Promotion 

Short-term incentives or other promotional activities that aim to pique a customer's interest in purchasing a product are referred to as sales promotion.

Merits of Sales Promotion  

Attention Value: Using incentives, attract people's attention.

Useful in New Product Launch: Sales promotion tools persuade people to abandon their usual purchasing habits and try new products.

Synergy in Total Promotional Efforts: Sales promotion activities contribute to the overall effectiveness of a company's promotional efforts.

Limitations of Sales Promotion 

Reflects Crisis: A company that frequently relies on sales promotion activities may give the impression that it is unable to manage its sales and that its products are unpopular.

Damages Product Image: Customers may believe that the products are of poor quality or are overpriced.

Commonly Used Sales Promotion Activities  

Product Combination: Including another product as a free gift with the purchase of one. 

Rebate: Providing products at reduced prices.

Instant draws and assigned gifts: Scratch a card and instantly win a prize with the purchase of a TV, Tea, or Refrigerator, for example.

Lucky Draw: a lucky draw coupon for free gasoline when a certain amount is purchased, and so on.

Useful Benefit: 'Purchase goods worth Rs 3000 and get a holiday package worth Rs 3000 free,' and so on.

Full finance at 0%: Many marketers of consumer durables such as electronics, automobiles, and so on offer simple financing schemes such as "24 easy instalments" and so on.

Contests: Holding competitive events that require the use of skills or luck, etc.

Quantity Gift: Providing an extra quantity of the product, for example, "Buy three, get one free."

Refunds: Refunding a portion of the price paid by the customer upon presentation of proof of purchase. 

Discount: Selling products at a lower price than the list price.

Sampling: Provide free product samples to potential customers. Typically used at the time of a product's introduction.

4. Publicity

Publicity occurs when favorable news about a product or service is broadcast in the mass media. For example, if a manufacturer makes a breakthrough in the development of a car engine and this news is covered by television, radio, or newspapers as a news item.

Features of Publicity are:  

I. Publicity is a form of communication that is not compensated.

II. There is no identified sponsor

5. Public Relations  

Public relations encompasses a wide range of tactics and is typically concerned with providing information to independent media outlets in the hope of obtaining favorable coverage. It also includes a mix of promoting specific products, services, and events as well as promoting an organization's overall brand, which is an ongoing tactic.

Role of Public Relations:  

1. Press Relations: A press release is an announcement of an event, performance, or other newsworthy item issued to the press by an organization's public relations professional. It is written in the form of a positive story with an appealing heading in order for the media to quickly grasp and spread the message.

2. Product promotion: The company tries to draw attention to new products by organizing sporting and cultural events such as news conferences, seminars, and exhibitions, among other things.

3. Corporate Communication: The image of the organization is promoted through newsletters, annual reports, brochures, and other means.

4. Lobbying: The organization maintains cordial relations with government officials and ministers in charge of corporate affairs, industry, and finance in regard to business and economic policies.

5. Counseling: The public relations department advises management on general issues affecting the public and the company's position.

Maintaining Good Public Relations also Helps in Achieving the Following Marketing Objectives:  

(a) Building awareness 

(b) Building credibility 

(c) Stimulates sales force 

(d) Lowers promotion costs 

Difference Between Advertising and Personal Selling 

Advertising 

An impersonal mode of communication 

The transmission of standardised messages 

An inflexible mode of communication 

Broad reach 

Low cost per person reached

Cover the market in a short period of time.

Makes use of mass media 

Lacks direct feedback 

Effective in generating and maintaining interest 

Consumers are the primary target market

Personal Selling 

Personal form of communication 

Non-standardised messages 

Flexibility 

Limited reach 

High cost per person 

Extensive efforts to cover the entire market

Makes use of sales personnel.

Immediate and direct feedback

Plays an important role in the awareness stage 

The Target market is comprised of industrial buyers

Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Revision Notes

Introduction to class 12 business studies marketing revision notes.

By following the Chapter 11 Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes, students will get the meaning of the term ‘marketing’ and will be able to understand the distinction between ‘marketing’ and ‘selling’.  The Class 12 Marketing Notes enlist the functions of marketing, its role in the development of an economy in terms of society, firms, and consumers. 

The Class 12 Revision Notes Chapter 11 comprise explanations of the different elements of the marketing mix, its classification into different categories, the factors that affect price determination, the types of distribution channels, and the tools of promotion mix like sales promotion, personal selling, publicity, and advertising.

Meaning of Marketing

The market is commonly referred to as a place where sellers and buyers carry out transactions for the involvement of the exchange of services and goods. Marketing is widely defined as the performance of the business activities that direct the flow of services and goods from producers and consumers.

(Image to be added soon)

There are four significant and crucial features of Marketing.

Customer Value - Customer value is the process of marketing that facilitates the exchange of the services and products between the buyers and sellers.

Needs and Wants - Needs and wants is another vital process of marketing that helps groups or individuals to obtain what they need and what they want. 

Exchange Mechanism - The exchange mechanism is the process of marketing that involves the exchange of services and products for money or some other products.

Creating a Market Offering - The creation of market offerings like taste, size, or quality that are available at a given location or outlet. 

A few functions of marketing that helps in the exchange of goods and services are as follows.

Product Development and Designing:- Product design plays a vital role in the selling of a product. A company whose product is designed better sells more products than the companies whose products are weakly designed.

Labelling and Packaging:- Packaging refers to the development and design of packages for the products, while labelling refers to the development and design of labels to be put on the package.

Customer Support Services:- This refers to the services provided to consumers such as adjustments, sales services, and handling customer complaints. All the services aim to present maximum consumer satisfaction. 

Analyzing and Gathering Market Information:- This is a crucial function of marketing that quickly identifies the consumer’s needs and helps to facilitate

Warehousing or Storage:- A proper storage maintains the smooth flow of products and services in the market. The need for storage is essential to ensure the adequate stock of goods or products against unavoidable delays or to cover up the contingencies in demand. Retailers and wholesalers play a vital role.

Key Benefits of Referring to Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing

Referring to Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing, it will help you to:

Solve any type of questions asked from this particular chapter in the exam confidently.

Strengthen your chapter concepts

Minimise your exam stress and anxiety

To keep track of all the important topics covered in the chapter.

Enhance your conceptual clarity

The CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing revision Notes supplied in this article provide an overview of the chapter and assist you in preparing the chapter so that every idea is addressed in accordance with the syllabus standards. CBSE Quick Notes Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing are excellent for last-minute rapid revision. Download the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing revision Notes to successfully try all chapter questions in the test.

arrow-right

FAQs on Marketing Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

1. Define Marketing Mix and enlist its elements.

The marketing mix is the total of policies formulated with a view of the successful completion of the multiple marketing activities. The main goal is to attract all types of consumers.

Elements of Marketing Mix:- There are four primary elements-

Product – refers to the decisions relating to the product

Price – Price mix refers to the decisions related to price fixation of product or service.

Place – refers to activities that make a firm’s products available to the target customers.

Promotion – refers to the combination of promotional tools used by the business to inform customers about the products.

2. State the difference between marketing and selling.

The difference between Marketing and Selling are as follows-

Marketing starts before the goods or services are produced while selling starts after the production has taken place.

Marketing entails a variety of marketing operations, whereas selling is accomplished through advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling strategies.

Marketing maximises profits via customer happiness, whereas selling maximises profits by number of sales.

The primary goal of marketing is to satisfy customers, whereas the primary goal of selling is to attract customers.

3. What does Chapter 11 “Marketing” teach students?

Chapter 11 "Marketing" teaches pupils about crucial components of company marketing. Students will understand the definition of marketing, the distinction between marketing and selling, marketing functions, and key aspects of the marketing mix. Students will also comprehend the classification of various product categories, distinct product distribution methods, and significant promotional tactics. Students may utilise Vedantu's Revision Notes Chapter 11 to better comprehend the material. Kids can also utilise these notes to study for exams.

4. Where can I find Revision Notes for Chapter 11 Class 12 Business Studies?

In today's society, Business Studies is a fascinating and vital topic. Students will certainly appreciate it as they learn about many areas of business. When studying for this topic, students may be expected to study a considerable quantity of knowledge. They don't need to be concerned since Vedantu is always eager to assist. Simple revision notes for Class 11 Business Studies will be available to students. These notes are very valuable for students, especially for last-minute study before exams.

5. Is Chapter 11 of Class 12 Business Studies easy?

Business studies is a fascinating topic. People with a natural aptitude for business can undoubtedly benefit from understanding the various business fundamentals. Yet, like with any topic, if you do not attempt to comprehend the fundamental principles of Chapter 11, it may look frightening to you. Chapter 11 of Class 12 Business Studies will be a breeze if you study the ideas and problem diagrams well and recall the key definitions.

6. What do you mean by “Branding”?

Branding is the process of developing a company's distinctive identity via the creation of a distinct brand for the business. This include developing a company's name, image, and logo. This is regarded as a key part of decision-making in any company's marketing. To sell their business, successful organisations employ effective branding techniques. Effective branding leads to more customers and more successful product marketing.

7. How are products classified?

Products of a company are classified into two major categories:

Consumer products: These are products directly purchased by the consumers for their personal use. Such consumer products comprise three types

Convenience products 

Shopping products

Speciality products

Industrial products: These are products used for producing other products. These include materials and parts, capital items, and supplies, and business services.

Vedantu provides useful notes for this topic on their website. You can access these revision notes from the Vedantu app.

Study Materials for Class 12

marketing management assignment class 12

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

marketing management assignment class 12

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

marketing management assignment class 12

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

marketing management assignment class 12

  • Class 12th /

Marketing Management Class 12 Notes

' src=

  • Updated on  
  • Jan 28, 2022

Marketing Management Class 12

Business Studies is an integral subject of the class 12 commerce syllabus and marketing management is one of the most scoring chapters of the class 12 business studies syllabus. If you are thorough with your notes and prepare well, it can be easy as well. . Here in this blog, we shall discuss in brief about this chapter. If you are preparing for your class 12 board exams then it would be of great help to you. Read on to know more about m arketing management class 12.

Important Definitions in Marketing Management Class 12

Market : Set of potential and actual buyers of a product or service’.

Customer : People or organisations that seek satisfaction of their needs and wants.

Marketer or Seller : The marketer is a person or organisation who offers products or services to the customer with an intention of satisfying the customer.

Marketing: It is a social process by which individuals acquire what they need and want through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.

JF Pyle says, “Marketing is that phase of business activity through which the human wants are satisfied by the exchange of goods and services.”

Essential Features of Marketing

Here are the important features of marketing:

  • Need and want
  • Creating a market offering
  • Customer value
  • Exchange Mechanism

Marketing Management 

P lanning, organising, directing and controlling the activities in exchange of goods and services. Marketing management involves:

  • Identifying the target market
  • Growing customers in target market

Difference between Selling and Marketing

One can differentiate between marketing and selling on the basis of

  • Scope 
  • Objective 
  • Start and end 
  • Efforts 
  • Approach 

Marketing Management Philosophies

Listed below are few of the marketing management philosophies:

  • Production concept
  • Product concept
  • Selling concept
  • Marketing concept
  • Societal concept

Objectives of Marketing Management

  • Creates demand
  • Market share
  • Profitable sales volume through customer satisfaction

  Functions of Marketing

  • Gathering and analysing market information
  • Market planning
  • Product designing and development
  • Standardisation and grading
  • Packaging and Labelling
  • Customer support services
  • Pricing of products
  • Promotion and selling
  • Physical distribution
  • Transportation
  • Storage and warehousing

Marketing Mix

Refers to the ingredients or the tools or the variables mixed by the marketeer to interact with a particular market.

Philip Kotler defines marketing mix as, “Marketing mix are the set of – marketing tools that firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.”

 Elements of Marketing Mix

  • Product : the tangible or intangible products that are offered to the customer.

Classification of Product

Products can be classified in two categories

  • Consumer goods
  • Industrial goods

Consumer Goods

One of the important sections of Marketing Management Class 12 is Consumer Goods. These are defined on the basis of certain characteristics. Here are the some of the categories and their examples as Consumer Goods:

  • Durable products
  • Non-durable products
  • Convenient goods
  • Shopping goods
  • Speciality goods

Industrial Product

In Marketing Management Class 12, Industrial products are used as an input or raw material in the production of consumer goods, e.g., tools, machinery etc. Features of industrial products are a number of buyers, the channel of distribution, geographical concentration, derived demand, technical consideration, reciprocal buying and leasing.

Industrial goods are classified as

  • Material and Parts 
  • Capital Item
  • Supplies and Business Services

Product Mix

It refers to important decisions that are related to the product such as quality of product, product packing etc.

  • Branding : A brand is the identification of a product. It can be in the form of a name, symbol or design etc.
  • Various Terms Related to Brand- Brand, Brand Name, Brand Mark and Trade Mark.
  • Helps in product differentiation
  • Helps in advertising
  • Differential pricing
  • Easy introduction of new product
  • Helps in identification of product
  • Ensures quality
  • Status symbol

A set of tasks or activities that involve designing, production of an appropriate wrapper, container for the product.

  • There are three levels of packaging
  • Primary packaging
  • Secondary packaging
  • Transportation packaging
  • The rising standard of health and sanitation
  • Self-service outlets
  • Product differentiation
  • Innovational opportunities
  • Functions of Packaging
  • Identification 
  • Convenience  

 Labelling

The process of labelling involves putting identification marks on the package. Functions of labels are:

  • Describe the product and specify its contents
  • Identify the product
  • Helps in grading
  • Promotes sale
  • Providing information required by law/legal requirement

It is the value for which a product or service is provided to the customer by the seller.

This involves taking important decisions related to fixing the price of any commodity. The factors that must be kept in mind while fixing the price of a commodity:

  • Pricing objectives
  • Product cost
  • Extent of competition in the market
  • Customer’s demand and utility
  • Government and legal regulation
  • Marketing methods used

Pricing Strategies

There are two pricing strategies – Price skimming and Penetration pricing.

It refers to important decisions that involve physical distribution of goods and services. These decisions include deciding the channel of distribution, market for distribution.

 Functions of Distribution Channels

  • Sorting/Granding
  • Accumulation
  • Negotiation
  • Risk taking

Factors Determining Choice of a Channel

The factors that are essential in determining choice of a channel are give below:

  • Product related factors
  • Competitive factors
  • Company related factors
  • Market related factors
  • Environmental factors

Promotion Mix

It refers to all the important decisions that are related to promotion of sales of products and services.

Given below are the important tools or elements of promotion, are also called elements of promotion mix:

Advertising

  • Sales promotion
  • Personal selling

It is defined as the paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services and by identified sponsor. The advantages of advertisement are listed below:

  • Expressiveness
  • Enhancing customer satisfaction

Apart from the advantages, there are certain Disadvantages of Advertisement as well, listed below:

  • Less forceful
  • Less effective
  • Difficulty in media choice
  • Inflexibility
  • Lack of feedback
  • Adds to cost
  • Undermines social values
  • Confuses the buyers
  • Encourages sale of inferior products
  • Some advertisements are not appealing

Different Platforms Available for Advertising

Sales promotion.

It is the short term use of certain promotional activities that stimulate the customer to buy the product.

Sales Promotion Techniques for Customers

  • Rebate and Discount
  • Refunds and Product combination
  • Quantity gift and Instant draws and assigned gift
  • Lucky draw and Usable benefit
  • Full finance @ 0%
  • Sampling and Contents

Merits of Sales Promotion

  • Attention attract
  • Useful in new product launch
  • Synergy in total promotion efforts
  • Aid to other promotion tools

Demerits of Sales Promotion 

  • Reflects Crisis 
  • Spoils Product Image

Personal Selling

As the name suggests personal selling means selling personally and involves one on one interaction between the seller and the customer for the purpose of sale.

So, this was all about Marketing Management class 12l. We hope it helps you prepare for your exams and also aids you in revising. If you are confused about which career path to choose after class 12th commerce then get in touch with our experts at Leverage Edu. They will help you choose a stream that suits you perfectly and help you carve a niche for yourself. Sign up for a free session today! 

So, this was all about Marketing Management class 12l. We hope it helps you prepare for your exams and also aids you in revising. If you are confused about which career path to choose after class 12th commerce then get in touch with our experts at Leverage Edu . They will help you choose a stream that suits you perfectly and help you carve a niche for yourself. Sign up for a free session today! 

' src=

Sonal is a creative, enthusiastic writer and editor who has worked extensively for the Study Abroad domain. She splits her time between shooting fun insta reels and learning new tools for content marketing. If she is missing from her desk, you can find her with a group of people cracking silly jokes or petting neighbourhood dogs.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Contact no. *

browse success stories

Leaving already?

8 Universities with higher ROI than IITs and IIMs

Grab this one-time opportunity to download this ebook

Connect With Us

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. take the first step today..

marketing management assignment class 12

Resend OTP in

marketing management assignment class 12

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

September 2024

January 2025

What is your budget to study abroad?

marketing management assignment class 12

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

FREE SHIPPING ON & ABOVE ₹ 1,000

  • Competitive
  • Entrance Exams
  • Practice Papers
  • Question Bank
  • Solved Papers
  • Sample Papers
  • Model Specimen Papers
  • Complete Course
  • Children Book

Marketing Management

Marketing class 12 notes business studies chapter 11 - cbse, chapter: 11, what are marketing management .

Market refers to the ‘set of potential and actual buyers of a product or service’. Customers are those people or organisations that seek satisfaction of their needs and wants.

Marketing is a social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.

Features of Marketing

  • Needs and Wants
  • Creating and Offerings
  • Customer Value
  • Exchange Mechanism

It is the process of organising, directing and controlling the activities related to marketing of goods and services to satisfy customers' needs & achieve organisational goals.

Marketing Philosophies

  • Production Concept: The organisation believes that profits could be maximised by producing at large scale which will reduce the average cost of production.
  • Product Concept: The emphasis of business firms shifts from large quantity of products to good quality.
  • Selling Concept: The focus of business firms shifted to pushing the sale of products through aggressive selling techniques with a view to persuade buyers to buy the products.
  • Marketing Concept: The organisation emphasize on identifying needs of the customer and satisfying them better than the competitors to maximise their profits.
  • Societal Marketing Concept: The organisation should identify the needs and wants of the target market and deliver the desired satisfaction in an effective and efficient manner so that the longterm well-being of the consumers and the society is taken care of.

Functions Of Marketing

  • Gathering and Analysing Information
  • Marketing Planning
  • Product Designing and Development
  • Standardisation and grading
  • Packaging and Labelling
  • Customer Support Services
  • Pricing of Product

Physical Distribution

  • Transportation

Elements of Marketing Mix

The concept of product includes the physical product and the benefits offered by it from customer’s view point.

It is the amount of money which is being paid to acquire the product.

Under this mix, it is being decided that where the firm’s products will be available to the target customers.

It helps in creating the demand of the product.

It is a bundle of utilities, which is purchased because of its capability to provide satisfaction of certain need.

Classification of Products

Consumer products, industrial products.

Those products which are purchased by the ultimate consumers for satisfying their personal needs and desires. They can be classified further as:

On the basis of shopping efforts involved

  • Convenient Products
  • Shopping Products
  • Speciality Products

On the basis of durability

  • Durable Goods
  • Non-Durable Goods

Those products which are used as inputs in producing other products. These can be classified into:

  • Materials and Plants 
  • Capital Items
  • Supplies and Business Services

The process of giving a name or a sign or a symbol to a product is called branding.

  • Brand: A name, term, sign, symbol, design or some combination of them, which is being used to identify the products.
  • Brand Name: That part of a brand which can be spoken.
  • Brand Mark: It is that part of a brand which can be recognised by customers but which cannot be said.
  • Trade Mark: It gives legal protection against other organisations.

Characteristics of Good Brand Name

  • Protected legally

It is the act of designing and producing the container or wrapper of a product.

Levels of Packaging

  • Primary Packaging
  • Secondary Packaging
  • Transportation Packaging

Importance of Packaging

  • Rising Standards of Health and Sanitation
  • Self Service Outlets
  • Opportunity for Innovations
  • Product Differentiation

Functions of Packaging

  • Product Identification
  • Product Protection
  • Facilitating Use of the Product
  • Product Promotion

It is the display of label in a product. It may contain information about the product or warning.

Functions of Labelling

  • Describe the Product and specify its contents
  • Identification of the Product or brand
  • Grading of Products
  • Helps in Promotion of Products
  • Providing Information Required by Law

Price is the amount paid by the consumer to buy the product.

Factors affecting price determination

  • Product Cost
  • Utility and Demand
  • Extent of Competition in the Market
  • Government and Legal Regulations
  • Pricing Objectives
  • Marketing Methods Used

It helps the organisation in making goods and services are available at right place, at right time to right people without change.

Components of Physical Distribution

  • Order Processing
  • Warehousing
  • Inventory Control

It refers to informing potential customers about a product and persuading them to buy it.

Promotion Mix

Promotion mix refers to combination of promotional tools used by an organisation to achieve its communication objectives.

Advertising

It is an impersonal form of communication, which is paid for by the marketers (sponsors) to promote some goods or service.

  • Impersonality
  • Identified Sponsor
  • Enhancing Customer Satisfaction and Confidence
  • Expressiveness

Disadvantages

  • Adds to Cost
  • Undermines Social Values
  • Confuses the Buyer
  • Encourages Sale of Inferior Products

Personal Selling

It is the personal form of communication and companies appoint salespersons to contact prospective buyers and create awareness about the product.

  • Personal Form
  • Development of Relationship

Merits of Personal Selling

  • Flexibility
  • Direct Feedback
  • Minimum Wastage

Importance to Customer

  • Help in Identifying Needs
  • Latest Market Information
  • Expert Advice
  • Induces Customers

Importance to Businessmen

  • Effective Promotional Tool
  • Flexible Tool
  • Minimises Wastage of Efforts
  • Consumer Attention
  • Lasting Relationship
  • Personal Rapport
  • Role in Introduction Stage
  • Link with Customers

Importance to Society

  • Converts Latest Demand
  • Employment Opportunities
  • Career Opportunities
  • Mobility of Sales People
  • Product Standardisation

Sales Promotion

It refers to short- term incentives which are being offered to customers to persuade them to make immediate purchase of a product or service.

Merits of Sales promotion

  • Attention Value
  • Useful in New Product Launch
  • Synergy in Total Promotional Efforts

Demerits of Sales promotion

  • Reflects Crisis
  • Spoils Product Image

Sales Promotion Techniques

  • Product Combination
  • Quantity Gift
  • Instant Draws and Assigned Gift
  • Usable Benefit
  • Full finance

Public Relations

Public relations involve a variety of programmes designed to protect or improve a company’s image and its individual products in the eyes of the public.

Role of Public Relations

  • Press release
  • Corporate Communication
  • Counselling

Marketing Objectives

  • Building Awareness
  • Building Credibility
  • Stimulates Sales Force
  • Lower Promotion Costs

Free Shipping on all orders over ₹ 1,000

  • Entrance Exam
  • Free Study Material
  • CBSE Previous Year Question Papers
  • CBSE Sample Papers
  • CBSE Practice Papers
  • CBSE Question Bank
  • NCERT Solutions
  • eBook Login
  • School Login
  • Current Affairs
  • Login / Register

Username or email address  *

Password  *

Lost your password? Remember me

Or login with

No account yet?

oswal facebook pixel

marketing management assignment class 12

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies (PDF)

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies are here. You can download the Marketing Management Notes PDF to study all the topics in this chapter. Moreover the class 12 Business Studies notes include chapter summary, definitions, examples, and key pointers for Marketing Management . Thus if you are studying 12th class Business Studies, then the  Marketing Management notes  will help you easily understand the topic and ace it.

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies

Marketing Management is a critical part in the study of Business Studies . In India, it is taught in 12th class. Therefore the class 12 Notes for Business Studies topic Marketing Management have been compiled by teachers and field experts. They explain the complete chapter of Marketing Management in one-shot . Whether you are studying the topic Marketing Management to complete your 12th class syllabus, or for any competitive exam like JEE, NEET, UPSC, you can simply refer these notes to complete the chapter in one-shot!

Marketing Management Notes Download Link – Click Here to Download PDF

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies PDF

The PDF of Marketing Management class 12 notes is as follows. You can view the document here and also download it to use it anytime for future reference whenever you want to brush up your concepts of Business Studies.

marketing management assignment class 12

Class 12 Notes for Business Studies – All Chapters

If you are studying Marketing Management, then chances are that you will study the other chapters in class 12 Business Studies. Therefore we have listed all the notes here in one place, as follows.

  • Business Environment Notes
  • Consumer Protection Notes
  • Controlling Notes
  • Directing Notes
  • Financial Management Notes
  • Financial Markets Notes
  • Marketing Management Notes
  • Nature and Significance of Management Notes
  • Organising Notes
  • Planning Notes
  • Principles of Management Notes
  • Staffing Notes

Class 12 Notes for All Subjects

  • Class 12  Biology  Notes
  • Class 12  Business Studies  Notes
  • Class 12  Chemistry  Notes
  • Class 12  Economics  Notes
  • Class 12  English  Notes
  • Class 12  Geography  Notes
  • Class 12  Maths  Notes
  • Class 12  Physics  Notes
  • Class 12  Sociology  Notes

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Marketing Management

The Marketing Management notes here help you solve the questions and answers . Also, you can complete the class 12 Marketing Management worksheet using the same. In addition you will also tackle CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions with these class 12 notes .

However if you still need help, then you can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Marketing Management to get all the answers. Marketing Management solutions contain questions, answers, and steps to solve all questions.

Notes for All Classes

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies

Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies – An Overview

Class 12 marketing management notes for all boards.

You can use the class 12 Business Studies notes of Marketing Management for all boards.

The education boards in India for which Marketing Management notes are relevant are – CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE .

Therefore you can refer to these notes as CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE notes for class Class 12 / Class 12th / XII / HS 2nd Year / HSC / 2nd PUC / Inter / HS / HSSLC Business Studies for the topic Marketing Management.

Share this:

Leave a reply cancel reply, discover more from oneedu24.

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading

Self Studies

  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Chhattisgarh
  • West Bengal
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Maharashtra
  • Jammu & Kashmir
  • NCERT Books 2022-23
  • NCERT Solutions
  • NCERT Notes
  • NCERT Exemplar Books
  • NCERT Exemplar Solution
  • States UT Book
  • School Kits & Lab Manual
  • NCERT Books 2021-22
  • NCERT Books 2020-21
  • NCERT Book 2019-2020
  • NCERT Book 2015-2016
  • RD Sharma Solution
  • TS Grewal Solution
  • DK Goel Solution
  • TR Jain Solution
  • Selina Solution
  • Frank Solution
  • ML Aggarwal Solution
  • Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Solution
  • I.E.Irodov solutions
  • ICSE - Goyal Brothers Park
  • ICSE - Dorothy M. Noronhe
  • Sandeep Garg Textbook Solution
  • Micheal Vaz Solution
  • S.S. Krotov Solution
  • Evergreen Science
  • KC Sinha Solution
  • ICSE - ISC Jayanti Sengupta, Oxford
  • ICSE Focus on History
  • ICSE GeoGraphy Voyage
  • ICSE Hindi Solution
  • ICSE Treasure Trove Solution
  • Thomas & Finney Solution
  • SL Loney Solution
  • SB Mathur Solution
  • P Bahadur Solution
  • Narendra Awasthi Solution
  • MS Chauhan Solution
  • LA Sena Solution
  • Integral Calculus Amit Agarwal Solution
  • IA Maron Solution
  • Hall & Knight Solution
  • Errorless Solution
  • Pradeep's KL Gogia Solution
  • OP Tandon Solutions
  • Sample Papers
  • Previous Year Question Paper
  • Value Based Questions
  • CBSE Syllabus
  • CBSE MCQs PDF
  • Assertion & Reason
  • New Revision Notes
  • Revision Notes
  • HOTS Question
  • Marks Wise Question
  • Toppers Answer Sheets
  • Exam Paper Aalysis
  • Concept Map
  • CBSE Text Book
  • Additional Practice Questions
  • Vocational Book
  • CBSE - Concept
  • KVS NCERT CBSE Worksheets
  • Formula Class Wise
  • Formula Chapter Wise
  • JEE Crash Course
  • JEE Previous Year Paper
  • Important Info
  • JEE Mock Test
  • SRM-JEEE Mock Test
  • VITEEE Mock Test
  • BITSAT Mock Test
  • Manipal Engineering Mock Test
  • AP EAMCET Previous Year Paper
  • COMEDK Previous Year Paper
  • GUJCET Previous Year Paper
  • KCET Previous Year Paper
  • KEAM Previous Year Paper
  • Manipal Previous Year Paper
  • MHT CET Previous Year Paper
  • WBJEE Previous Year Paper
  • AMU Previous Year Paper
  • TS EAMCET Previous Year Paper
  • SRM-JEEE Previous Year Paper
  • VITEEE Previous Year Paper
  • BITSAT Previous Year Paper
  • Crash Course
  • Previous Year Paper
  • NCERT Based Short Notes
  • NCERT Based Tests
  • Previous Year Papers
  • Quantitative Aptitude
  • Numerical Aptitude Data Interpretation
  • General Knowledge
  • Mathematics
  • Agriculture
  • Accountancy
  • Business Studies
  • Political science
  • Enviromental Studies
  • Mass Media Communication
  • Teaching Aptitude
  • NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
  • SAINIK SCHOOL (AISSEE)
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electronics & Communication Engineering
  • Civil Engineering
  • Computer Science Engineering
  • CBSE Board News
  • Scholarship Olympiad
  • School Admissions
  • Entrance Exams
  • All Board Updates
  • Miscellaneous
  • State Wise Books
  • Engineering Exam

Marketing Management Class 12 Notes PDF (Handwritten & Short Notes)

Students who have opted commerce stream, need to understand better and score well in questions regarding the chapter Marketing Management. Class 12 students can smoothly perform better with the help of Marketing Management Class 12 notes. Accordingly students can also understand other chapters of Class 12 Business Studies in a better way. 

Students can also practise some sort of questions from the Marketing Management Class 12 notes. Practising Marketing Management questions on a regular basis can help students to increase their accuracy level. Accordingly, students can also improve their inner confidence in attempting questions of the chapter Marketing Management. Inner confidence is a must for all students to decrease the level of stress while giving the Class 12 Business Studies board exam. Therefore, here we provide the Marketing Management Class 12 Notes in PDF file format.

Marketing Management Notes Class 12 PDF

The Marketing Management notes Class 12 PDF are one of the important study materials while preparing for the chapter. Students generally refer to the notes after completing the chapter Marketing Management. Class 12 notes is a collection of short summaries of sub-topics, topics and key points. With the help of these summaries, students can remember the important points on their fingertips. 

How to Download the Marketing Management Notes Class 12 in PDF?

All students studying in Class 12, need to have easy and free access to the Marketing Management notes Class 12 in PDF. Steps to download the Class 12 Business Studies Notes are:

  • Open the Selfstudys website on any of the electronic devices. 
  • Bring the arrow towards NCERT Books & Solutions which can be seen in the navigation bar. 
  • Drop-up menu will appear, select NCERT notes from the list.

Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Class 12 Notes PDF, Download Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Handwritten Notes for Class 12, Marketing Management Notes for Class 12, How to Download Class 12 Notes on Marketing Management

  • A new page will appear, select Class 12th from the list of classes.

Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Class 12 Notes PDF, Download Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Handwritten Notes for Class 12, Marketing Management Notes for Class 12, How to Download Class 12 Notes on Marketing Management

  • Now select Business Studies from the list of subjects.

Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Class 12 Notes PDF, Download Marketing Management Class 12 Notes, Marketing Management Handwritten Notes for Class 12, Marketing Management Notes for Class 12, How to Download Class 12 Notes on Marketing Management

  • Again a new page will appear, now select Marketing Management from the list of chapters. 

Features of the Marketing Management Notes Class 12

Features of Marketing Management notes Class 12 are considered to be an important and noticeable part. Those important features of Class 12 Business Studies notes are: 

  • Number of the Unit is Given: Inside the Class 12 Marketing Management notes, the number of the unit is given. Accordingly students can easily identify the chapter name with the help of unit number of Class 12 Business Studies. 
  • All Concepts are Completed: In the Class 12 Marketing Management notes, all the concepts are completed. Students can get a brief knowledge about the chapter Marketing Management. 
  • Questions are Given: On the last page of the Class 12 Business Studies notes, different questions regarding the chapter Marketing Management are given to practise. Accordingly students can also improve their comprehensive skill for the chapter Marketing Management. 
  • Chapter Name is Included: The chapter name of Marketing Management is mentioned inside the Class 12 Marketing Management notes. Through the notes, students can get a brief idea about the chapter Marketing Management. 
  •  Provided in a Simple Language: The Marketing Management Class 12 notes are provided in a simpler language. Through this, students can easily understand all complex topics in a simpler manner. 
  • For CBSE Board And State Boards: It is generally created for students studying in Class 12; thus, CBSE board as well as state board students can use the Marketing Management Class 12 Notes as it is suitable for them.

Benefits of Marketing Management Notes Class 12

The Marketing Management notes Class 12 has been associated with many benefits which includes helps to pay attention, helps in remembering the topics, etc. Through these students can easily score well in Class 12 Business Studies board exam papers. 

  • Helps in Paying Attention: Class 12 Marketing Management notes can help students to pay attention and to stay alert throughout the preparation. Accordingly, Class 12 students can easily discover and cover different types of topics and concepts in a creative way. 
  • Helps in Revising the Topics: With the help of Marketing Management notes Class 12, students can smoothly revise all the topics. According to which, students can boost their preparation for the chapter The Marketing Management and can perform well. 
  • Can Attract Many Students as Eye-Catching Format of Notes is Given: The Class 12 notes of the chapter Marketing Management in the PDF have an eye-catching format. This format can attract many Class 12 students to complete the chapter The Marketing Management. 
  •  Can Increase Comprehensive Skill: The Class 12 notes of the chapter The Marketing Management can aid students to increase their comprehensive skill. According to these skills, students can easily score well in the questions of the chapter The Marketing Management. 
  • Helps Students to be Active During the Preparation: It is a must for all students to remain active and alert while preparing for the chapter The Marketing Management. Students can be active and alert with the help of Class 12 Marketing Management notes. Accordingly students can cover and revise each and every concept included in the Business Studies chapter The Marketing Management. 
  • All Topics Are Covered: Inside the Class 12 Marketing Management notes, all topics are covered in a perfect manner so that students can easily complete the whole chapter. 

Strategy Tips to Cover the Chapter Marketing Management  

It is a must for Class 12 students to follow some strategy tips to cover The Marketing Management. Important strategy tips are: 

  • Finish off the Chapter: First and foremost tip is to finish off the chapter The Marketing Management in a proper and accurate way. 
  • Routine Practise of Questions: After completing the chapter Marketing Management, students need to have a routine practice of questions. Regular practice can help students to improve their accuracy level in attempting questions. 
  • Jot Down The Mistakes: While analysing the questions, students can get to know their flaws. After identification, it is very important that students jot down their mistakes. Through this step, students can easily remove their earlier mistakes while attempting Marketing Management questions. 
  • Try to Study During the Day: Many students prefer studying during the night but it is good to study during the day. As students would have a higher ability to concentrate in the chapter The Marketing Management. There are many benefits other than this, those are: natural daylight is better than artificial light, both friends and teachers are contactable to clear doubts. 
  • Remain Focused: Throughout the preparation of the chapter Marketing Management, students are advised to remain focused. Accordingly, students can cover various topics whether it is easy, moderate, or difficult. 
  • Revise Within a Day: After starting the revision process of Class 12 Marketing Management it is very important to complete the revision within a day otherwise the extension in revision will not aid much value in the preparation.
  • Take Constant Breaks: It is a must to take constant breaks while preparing for the chapter Marketing Management. As students can lose their track of preparation if proper short breaks are not taken.  
  • Try to Remain Calm: Class 12 students need to remain calm while preparing for the chapter Marketing Management in order to try to remove their exam stress and anxiety. 

Why Is It Important To Go Through The Marketing Management Class 12 Notes? 

It is a must to go through the Marketing Management Class 12 notes as it is considered as important study material. In this Class 12 Business Studies notes, topics and concepts are explained in a brief manner. Through this study material, students can understand all Marketing Management topics in an effective manner. These notes can be generally used during the last minute revision that help students memorise all topics of Marketing Management easily and help them solve questions in a better way. 

What Are Class 12 Marketing Management Notes and Why Is It Popular? 

The Class 12 Marketing Management notes are short and compressed content which includes all topics and concepts brief in an organised manner, better presentation and easier explanations. These notes help students to improve their grip for the chapter Marketing Management. Strong foundation for the chapter Marketing Management can help students to improve their score and because of these reasons the revision notes of Class 12 Marketing Management is popular among students.

Is Marketing Management Class 12 Notes Relevant to Exam Preparation?

Yes, the Marketing Management Class 12 notes are very much relevant during the preparation. The Class 12 Accountancy content is very accurate and contains relevant topics for students to study. Accordingly, students don’t need to search for various important topics here and there. Accordingly, students can easily study relevant content of the Class 12 Business Studies chapter Marketing Management if they refer to the NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Notes. 

Manipal MET 2024 Application (Released) (All Pages)

  • NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths
  • NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
  • CBSE Syllabus 2023-24
  • Social Media Channels
  • Login Customize Your Notification Preferences

marketing management assignment class 12

One Last Step...

marketing management assignment class 12

  • Second click on the toggle icon

marketing management assignment class 12

cbsencertsolutions

CBSE NCERT Solutions

NCERT and CBSE Solutions for free

Class 12 Business Studies Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 12 Business Studies Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Business Studies . These Assignments for Grade 12 Business Studies cover all important topics which can come in your standard 12 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 12 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for Business Studies Class 12 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Business Studies Class 12. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for Business Studies class 12 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Business Studies Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

Business Studies Class 12 Assignments Pdf Download

We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 12 Business Studies . Students and teachers can download and save all free Business Studies assignments in Pdf for grade 12th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 12 important questions and answers for Business Studies as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 12 Business Studies and CBSE Assignments for Business Studies Class 12 will be really helpful for standard 12th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 12th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

Topicwise Assignments for Class 12 Business Studies Download in Pdf

Class 12 Business Studies Assignments

Advantages of Class 12 Business Studies Assignments

  • As we have the best and largest collection of Business Studies assignments for Grade 12, you will be able to easily get full list of solved important questions which can come in your examinations.
  • Students will be able to go through all important and critical topics given in your CBSE Business Studies textbooks for Class 12 .
  • All Business Studies assignments for Class 12 have been designed with answers. Students should solve them yourself and then compare with the solutions provided by us.
  • Class 12 Students studying in per CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools will be able to free download all Business Studies chapter wise worksheets and assignments for free in Pdf
  • Class 12 Business Studies question bank will help to improve subject understanding which will help to get better rank in exams

Frequently Asked Questions by Class 12 Business Studies students

At https://www.cbsencertsolutions.com, we have provided the biggest database of free assignments for Business Studies Class 12 which you can download in Pdf

We provide here Standard 12 Business Studies chapter-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for Business Studies in Grade 12, all topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here topic-wise Business Studies Grade 12 question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material.

We have provided the best collection of question bank and practice tests for Class 12 for all subjects. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

Related Posts

Class 12 Engineering Drawing Assignments

Class 12 Engineering Drawing Assignments

Class 12 assignments download pdf.

Class 12 Mathematics Three Dimensional Geometry Assignments

Class 12 Mathematics Three Dimensional Geometry Assignments

Marketing Management Notes - Class 12 PDF Download

Faqs on marketing management notes - class 12, sample paper, study material, viva questions, practice quizzes, marketing management notes - class 12, shortcuts and tricks, semester notes, video lectures, mock tests for examination, extra questions, previous year questions with solutions, objective type questions, past year papers, important questions.

marketing management assignment class 12

Notes : Marketing Management Free PDF Download

Importance of notes : marketing management, notes : marketing management, notes : marketing management class 12 questions, study notes : marketing management on the app, welcome back, create you account for free.

marketing management assignment class 12

Forgot Password

Unattempted tests, change country.

Commerce Aspirant » Business Studies Class 12 MCQs » MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12

MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12

MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies includes Multiple choice questions and Fill in the Blanks. Answers to MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies CBSE are available after clicking on the answer.

MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12 – Multiple choice questions

1. Under the concept of “Marketing management” marketing is done keeping _______ as a focus : – a) Consumer b) Supplier c) Investor d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Consumer

2. The products and services should be brought in the market based on which of the following : a) Needs, b) Wants, c) Desires and aspirations d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

3. According to Philip Kotler, marketing management is an art and science of which of the following : – a) Choosing target markets b) Getting, keeping and growing customers c) Both a and b d) None of the above

Answer: (c) Both a and b

4. Which of the following are key aspects of marketing management ? a) Focus on customer needs and wants b) Proving customer satisfaction c) Creating demand of the product or service d) All of the above

5. The success of an organization can be achieved through customer satisfaction as it helps : – a) Keep the existing customers b) Restrict addition of new customer base c) Lose the existing customer and Develop new customer base d) Keep the existing customers and facilitate addition of new customer base

Answer: (d) Keep the existing customers and facilitate addition of new customer base

6. What is the difference between marketing and selling : – a) Marketing is a part of selling activities b) Selling is a part of marketing activities. c) Both marketing and selling are the same d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Selling is a part of marketing activities.

7. Marketing activities do not include which of the following activities : – a) Designing, b) Manufacturing, c) Procuring raw material d) Collection from debtors

Answer: (d) Collection from debtors

8. Selling activity is done ________ the transfer of the title of the goods : – a) During b) After c) Before d) None of the above

Answer: (a) During

9. Which of the following are strategies involved in marketing : – a) Analysis of consumer needs and demands b) Production c) Pricing d) All of the above

10. Which of the following are strategies involved in Selling : – a) Branding b) Labelling c) Packaging d) None of the above

Answer: (d) None of the above

11. Which of the following are strategies involved in Selling : – a) Advertising b) Sales promotion c) Personal selling, d) All of the above

12. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- The marketing concept strives to identify and meet the wants and requirements of customers in an efficient manner. Reason(R)- Products are purchased based on their quality and other attributes, according to the marketing theory

(a) Both A and R are correct (b) A is correct R is incorrect (c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of R (d) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of R

Answer: (b) A is correct R is incorrect

13. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- It is critical to have a firm grasp on the philosophy or concept that will be used Reason(R)- It defines how much focus or weight should be placed on certain aspects in order to achieve the organisational goals

Answer: (c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of R

14. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- The term “market” refers to a location where buyers and sellers meet to conduct business and exchange goods and services. Reason(R)- A market is a group of present and potential customers for a product or service. It does not have to be a specific location.

Answer: (d) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of R

15. Ashan Ltd. is a natural and ethical firm that specialises in providing organic bathing items for men and women. The company uses plant-based elements in its goods and is the country’s leading organic brand. It not only meets the needs of its clients, but it also believes in environmental conservation as a whole. Determine the marketing management philosophy that ‘Beauty Products Ltd.’ employs.

(a) Social marketing concept (b) Selling concept (c) Production concept (d) Product concept

Answer: (a) Social marketing concept

16. A beauty goods manufacturing firm has decided to determine client demands in order to begin successful marketing of the clothing it produces, and is conducting a SWOT analysis to accomplish so (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Analysis). The organisation is working hard to achieve its goals. It has decided to create a blueprint for how much production it will accomplish, how much work it will put into promotion, and all other significant measures it will do to reach its goals. However, the business has one flaw that it would like to address. Last year, the physical movement of the company’s prepared items was not done effectively, and the company wants to make sure it is done correctly this year. It has established a separate department to appropriately carry out this task. I’m hoping for a better future for the company. In the preceding example, which marketing functions were highlighted?

(a) Marketing planning and transportation (b) Transportation and identifying customer needs (c) Gathering and analysing market information and planning (d) Both a and c

Answer: (d) Both a and c

17. A tea company is attempting to expand its operations. It recognises that the function of the intermediaries will be crucial in this regard. A conference of top management is called, and the causes that are causing the distributors’ potential to be underutilised are discussed. Intermediaries play a critical function in a product like tea. The company has decided to offer them discounts and to launch a robust promotional effort to entice them to participate. In the example above, which aspect of the marketing mix is highlighted?

(a) Promotion (b) Price (c) Place (d) Product

Answer: (c) Place

18. An electronic manufacturing firm is confident in its ability to sell its goods. The company’s major focus is always on the features of the products it produces. They are constantly attempting to add new features, which are added after extensive research on the issue. For them, quality is everything. They strive to maintain the highest levels of quality and take all required procedures in the production process to achieve this. To put it simply, the company’s primary strength is the product’s quality and features. Which marketing factor is ‘Quality and Features’ in this case?

(a) Product (b) Promotion (c) Place (d) Pricing

Answer: (a) Product

19. A chocolate manufacturing firm spends a significant amount of money on marketing, personal selling, and sales promotion strategies to encourage target clients to buy its chocolates. Determine which part of the marketing mix is being discussed.

(a) Place (b) Price (c) Promotion (d) Product

Answer: (c) Promotion

20. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- A good design can boost a product’s performance and offer it a competitive edge in the market Reason(R)- Standardisation is the process of categorising things into several groups based on important qualities such as quality, size, and so on.

21. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Packaging is necessary not just to protect the goods but also to serve as a marketing tool. Reason(R)- Grading is so essential in today’s marketing that it’s regarded as a marketing pillar.

22. Raheja Foods is a well-known brand in the market. People have admired and purchased their products for years. In terms of repeat purchases and new customers, the brand has experienced significant growth. The company’s top management has decided to launch new items now that the company has grown. The names that will be maintained for the new items provide them with new challenges. The company has decided to release a spice called “Hot” since it has a very spicy flavour and makes food spicy and delicious.There are more products on the list as well. One alternative would be to use fat-free cooking oil. Because the oil will be offered in various packages, on various media, and in various regions, the name of the oil should reflect this. Flour is the third new product to be released. The corporation wants a name for the flour that sets it apart from the competition, since if it doesn’t, it will be just another flour on the market. Frozen foods are also being considered by the company.The corporation has chosen that the name should be simple to remember because individuals from all sorts of backgrounds would need it for cooking, and a long or difficult name may be easily forgotten. The pickles are the last new product on the list that they have opted to launch. They have invested a significant amount of money in the production of this product and wish to market it in the same way that they have been selling Raheja Foods for many years. Clearly, this organisation is putting in a lot of effort to maintain its name.

I. Which feature of marketing has been highlighted in the above case-

(a) Brand name (b) Placing of products (c) Promotion (d) Both a and c

Answer: (a) Brand name

II. Which feature is being highlighted in the above case-

(a) Good pricing (b) Good brand name (c) Customer choices and preferences (d) None of these

Answer: (b) Good brand name

III. Which features of the identified feature of marketing are highlighted in the case-

(a) Suggestive benefits (b) Short and easy to spell and remember (c) Distinctive (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

23. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Warehousing adds value to your time Reason(R)- Warehousing connects the dots between products and its consumption.

24. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- The transportation industry’s technological advancements have aided in bringing the market closer together. Reason(R)- Manufacturers can now deliver products to retailers and wholesalers more promptly and at a lower cost thanks to technological advancements.

25. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Customers pay greater prices as a result of advertising costs being passed on to them. Reason(R)- Advertising aids in the increase of sales and thus the reduction of costs.

26. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Personal selling only reaches a small percentage of the population. Reason(R)- Personal selling is extremely adaptable because the message may be changed.

27. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Advertising is less expensive than other advertising methods. Reason(R)- The whole expense of advertising is shared among a huge number of people.

28. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below- Assertion(A)- Customer support services are extremely successful at generating repeat sales and building brand loyalty for a product. Reason(R)- All of the services are aimed at raising the dealers’ profit margins, which is the key to current marketing success.

Business Studies Class 12 MCQs – Term 1

  • Nature and Significance of Management MCQs
  • Principles of Management MCQs
  • MCQ on Business Environment
  • MCQ on Planning
  • MCQ on Organising
  • Marketing Management MCQs

Frequently Asked Questions on MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies

1. Are these MCQ’s on Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies are based on 2021-22 CBSE Syllabus ?

Yes . There are 28 MCQ’s on this Chapter in this blog.

2. Are you giving all the chapters of Business Studies Class 12 which are given in CBSE syllabus for 2021-22 ?

Yes, we have provide total of 400+ MCQ from all chapters

  • Economics Class 12 Notes
  • Business Studies Class 12 Notes
  • Accountancy Class 12 Notes
  • Economics Class 12 MCQs
  • Business Studies Class 12 MCQs
  • Accountancy Class 12 MCQs

Sandeep garg Class 12 Solutions

Unit Number 319, Vipul Trade Centre, Sohna Road, Gurgaon, Sector 49, Gurugram, Haryana-122028, India

Class 11 Notes

  • Economics Class 11 Notes
  • Accountancy Class 11 Notes

Class 11 MCQs

  • Economics Class 11 MCQs
  • Business Studies Class 11 MCQs

Class 12 Notes

Class 12 MCQs

Browse Course Material

Course info.

  • Prof. John Hauser

Departments

  • Sloan School of Management

As Taught In

Learning resource types, marketing management: analytics, frameworks, and applications, assignments, action learning exercise.

An action‐learning exercise on the practice of marketing is due on the last scheduled day of classes. Assignment Details and Examples .

Group Case Reports

Each group must hand in two case write‐ups. You must choose one case in H1 (first half of the semester) and one case in H2 (second half of the semester). The eligible cases are:

The case reports should consist of approximately five (5) pages of text (space‐and‐a‐half, 12‐point fonts, standard margins) and should address the Discussion Questions (PDF) . Longer reports are strongly discouraged. (As Pascal said: “I’m sorry I wrote you such a long letter; I didn’t have time to write a short one.”) You may refer to figures or computations that use data from the case . You are allowed, but not required, to have a small number of exhibits at the end of your report. Your reports must be submitted prior to the start of the class in which the case is discussed. The file name should include your team name and the case. For example, Angry_Nerds_Brita_15810.pdf.

Additional Recommendations

  • You are free to use bullet‐point if you find it helpful.
  • Separately answer each discussion question . Use headings to highlight which questions you are answering. Stress those questions you judge are critical. Not all questions should be given equal weight.
  • Start with the most obvious points and work from there. Do not omit the obvious points.
  • I am interested in the quality of your analysis rather than any specific set of conclusions. Make sure that you give both the pros and the cons of each alternative. Describe the theory and process by which you arrived at your conclusions. The TA is not looking for key words, but rather critical thinking.
  • Review the lecture notes before writing your analysis. The frameworks presented in 15.810 help guide your analysis.
  • Make it clear that you have used an analytical approach to reach you answers.
  • Random lists of issues without structure leaves the TA guessing as to which issue you consider most critical to the case analysis. If you provide an unstructured list that happens to include both good and bad answers you will get far less credit than a structured list that captures the essence of the case.
  • Quality is more important than quantity.
  • Although the TA works from a detailed set of guidelines based on my analysis of the case, the TA is authorized to deviate for solutions based on careful analysis of the case facts.

The page constraint forces you to reveal to me what you think are relevant. Do not despair during the case discussion if we do not cover your key issues or if we cover other issues. Each case discussion is unique. There may be important points that are not discussed. A point that you make in your written discussion may be very important. Look for it in case discussions that occur later in the semester.

Short Assignments

Based on student suggestion and as an experiment, I added the following short assignments to illustrate some of the marketing‐analytics methods. Because they are new this year, they are viewed as extra credit (but are required to be completed).

Synthesis Assignment

Each student may hand in an individual assignment that answers the following question:

“What are the three most important lessons that you learned about marketing in this course that will help you as a manager?”

This assignment should be no more than one page in length and should briefly summarize each of the three lessons.

You receive credit simply for handing in this assignment on or before the last scheduled class. Answers help determine final grades for students close to the letter cutoffs.

MIT Open Learning

AssignmentsBag.com

AssignmentsBag.com

Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions

Please refer to Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions with solutions provided below. These questions and answers have been provided for Class 12 Business Studies based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. Students should learn these problem solutions as it will help them to gain more marks in examinations. We have provided  Important Questions for Class 12 Business Studies  for all chapters in your book. These Board exam questions have been designed by expert teachers of Standard 12.

Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions Marketing Management

Question: For selling its cars and vAnswer: Maruti udyog is making used of which channel of distribution? Answer: Indirect channel(one level of distribution channel).

Question: Mansi took her niece, Ridhima, for shopping to ‘ Mega Stores ‘ to buy her a bag for her birthday. She was delighted when on payment of the bags she got a pencil box along with the bag free of cost. Identify the technique of sales promotion used by the company. Answer: Production combination.

Question: Name the marketing function which is concerned with the importance decision of managing inventory. Answer: Warehousing.

Question: ‘They don’t sell what they can make , but they make what they can sell’. Name the concept to which this statement is related? Answer: It is related to marketing concept. 

Question: Who is marketer? Answer:  A person or an organization or a group of persons who provide goods or services to satisfy the needs of customers. He is called as provider of satisfaction. 

Question: Zoom udyog, a car manufacturing co. has started its business with zoom 800 and slowly launched zoom-1000, wagon –Z ,swify –fy etc. and offered various services like after service , availability of spare parts etc. identify the element of marketing mix referred here. Answer: Product .

Question: ‘ Beauty Products Ltd ‘ is a natural and ethical beauty brand famous for offering organic beauty products for men and women. The company used plant based materials for its product and is No. 1 beauty brand in the country. It not only satisfies its customers but also believes in overall protection of the planet. Identify the marketing management philosophy being followed by ‘Beauty Products Ltd’. Answer: Social marketing concept.

Question: Which Act has replaced MRTP Act? Answer: ‘The competition Act 2002’ has replaced MRTP act.

Question: Which marketing philosophy give more importance to ‘consumer welfare ‘ instead of consumer satisfaction? Answer: Societal marketing concept.

Question: Which concept of marketing suggest that the oraganisation can profit through volume of production? Answer: Production concept. 

Question: Name the quality certification mark used in case of food products. Answer: FPO 

Question: ‘Maruti Vega Ltd. ‘ entered into the market with colored television and have now introduced products like audio system, air conditioners, washing machines, etc. the company is not only offering the products but also handling complaints and offering after- sales services. Identify the element of marketing-mix discussed here. Answer: Product/ product mix.

Question: A commercial unit uses rocks, trees , electric poles, historical management and walls to advertise its products. Which fault of the company does this advertising policy show. Answer: Misuse of public property.

Question: Who is consumer? Answer: According to consumer protection act ,a consumer is (i) One who buys goods or hires services (ii) Any use of such goods or service with approval of buyer (iii) Anyone who bought the goods for earning livelihood.

Question: Vanshika used ‘ Kuber Cabs ‘ for travelling in the city. She received a text messaged “Add Rs. 222 on Kaytm and get 20% cash back on having minimum ten trips till 15th April , 2017. Identify the technique of sales promotion used by the company. Answer: Refund . 

Question: A cosmetic manufacturing company is spending a lot of money on advertisement to sell their products as they believe that the sale of good depends largely on the quality of advertisement. Name the marketing philosophy followed by him. State any other two marketing philosophy. Answer: This type of marketing philosophy followed by this firm is ‘ selling concept ‘.

Question: What is meant by publicity? Answer: It refers to non – paid form of impersonal communication by seller.

Question: A leading leather manufacturing company is using banned animal skin to make huge profit. Name the marketing concept which is ignored here. Answer: Societal marketing concept is ignored here. 

Question: Name the marketing function which is concerned with informing the customers about firm’s product. Answer: Promotion . 

Question: Explain any two points of responsibilities of a customer. Answer: (i) Consumer must exercise his rights. (ii) Insisting on cash memo. 

Question: A tea producer uses such packets/things for packaging tea ,which can be used , even after consuming the tea, for other purposes. Here, which values are being affected by him? Answer: Packaged Gift.

Question: Suggest any two remedies available under Consume Protection Act . Answer: (i) Removal of defeats from goods. (ii) Replacement of goods.

Question: One of the element of marketing mix is concerned with designing the shape, size and quality of good and services. Name that element of marketing mix. Answer: Product mix. 

Question: Can a consumer file a complaint in customer court without having the cash memo? Answer: No, without cash memo he cannot file the complaint. Cash memo is the proof of transaction.

Question: Sunita took her niece. Aishwarya for shopping to ‘Benetton’ to buy her a dress on the occasion of her birthday. She was delighted when on payment for the dress she got a discount voucher to get 20% off for a meal of 500TM or above at a famous eating point.  Identify the technique of sales promotion used by the company in the above situation. Answer: Usable benefits. 

Question: Name the element of marketing which makes the product available to the target customer? Answer: Physical distributions. 

Short Answer Type Questions:  

Question: What do you mean by Personal Selling? Write any three qualities of a good seller. Answer: Personal selling means selling personally. This involves face – to – face interaction between seller and buyer for the purpose of sale. Qualities of Good Salesman:

  • Physical qualities: A salesman must have good health and pleasing personality.
  • Social qualities: A salesman must have good manners, courtesy in dealing with customers.
  • Technical quality: the salesman must have full technical knowledge about the product.
  • A salesman must have been honest and should not try to win the customer through false and misleading representation.

Question: Explain any four factors affecting the determination of the price of a product or service? Explain . Answer: (i) Pricing objectives:  If a firm wants to capture big share in the market then it has to keep its price low so that more number of people are attracted to purchase the product. To survive in a competitive market the firms have to reduce their price by offering discount. (ii) Product cost:  The Price is fixed after calculating the total cost. In case of high competition and to capture big share if firm has to fix low price then at least the price must cover variable cost and fixed cost can be ignored for some time . (iii) Customer ‘s demand and utility:  when demand of the product is inelastic i.e. no or very less substitutes are available then company can fix up high price. Whereas when demand is elastic i.e. more substitutes are available then price has to be brought down. (iv) Market method used :  If company is using intensive advertising to promote the sale of product then it will charge high price. Other marketing methods which affect price of a product are type of packing, distribution system, salesman, employed, customer support services etc.

Question: It is necessary that goods and services must be made available to the customer at the right place, in the right quantity and at the right time. a) Name and explain the concerned element of marketing mix given above. b) Explain the components of this element. Answer: (a) Name : Place/Physical distribution The physical handling and movement of goods from place of production to the place of distribution is referred to as physical distribution. (b) Components of physical distribution/place

  • Transportation: transportation means physical movement of goods from place to production to place where they are required.
  • Warehousing: whatever is produced is not sold off immediately. Therefore every company needs to store the finished goods until they are sold in the market.
  • Inventory control: inventory refers to maintenance of stock of goods. The inventory needs to be maintained so that goods can be supplied whenever demanded.
  • Order processing: order processing means the time and steps involved between taking order form customer and delivery of goods as per order

Question: Which techniques of sales promotion is being referred to in the below given points: (i) Free sample of shampoo pouch with a fairness cream. (ii) Upton 50% off on most items. (iii) Tooth brush free with Tooth Paste. (iv) Buy 3 packs of 2 litre juice and get another free. (v) Scratch the card and dial a number to win a car. Answer:  (i) Product Combination (ii) Discount (iii) Product combination (iv) Quantity deal (v) Scratch a card

Question: What do you mean by ‘ channels of distribution ‘? What functions do they play in the distribution of goods and services? Explain . Answer: Channels of distributions are the firms and individuals who help in transferring the goods from place of manufacturing to place of consumption. The common type of channels of distributions is whole seller and retailer. Functions of distribution channels –

  • Sorting/ grading : Middlemen produce goods from various manufacturers and then they do sorting, i.e., repack them according to quality, size or price.
  • Accumulation :  Middlemen maintain a large stock of goods so that there is smooth supply of goods without any delay.
  • Variety/ assortment :  Middlemen maintain variety of goods. They procure goods from various manufacturers and assemble them at one place so that customer can fulfill his requirement by visiting one place only.
  • Packing : Generally middlemen buy the goods in bulk and then they repack them in small lots of examples, wholesaler buy bags of 100kg wheat and then repack it in the convenient pack Rs. 2 of 5kg or 10kg.

Question: Distinguish between advertising and personal selling. Answer:  

Question: Shyam bought a pain relieving ointment after seeing it being displayed in the chemist’s shop . the ointment tube was packed in a cardboard box. Identify the different levels of packaging of the pain relieving medicine, when it was purchased by Shyam. Also state the functions of packaging. Answer: Different levels of packaging of the pain relieving medicine are : Ointment tube : Primary Packaging Cardboard Box : Secondary Packaging Functions of packaging : 

  • It helps in product identification.
  • It helps in protection of the product from spillage, breakage, leakage damage etc.
  • It facilitates use of the product to the consumer through appropriate sizes and shapes .
  • It helps in promotion of the product as a good package attracts the attention of the people at the time of purchase.

Question: “ Bhuvan ,who was a vegetarian went to snack bar for having French fries and later found out that it had non vegetarian content. Neither the advertisement nor the packaging of the product displayed that the product has non – vegetarian content. Will Bhuvan be able to claim compensation, which right of the consumer is violated “? Answer: Bhuvan will be able to claim the compensation as the seller has violated the right to information according to the right . Other rights of consumer :

  • Right to safety : According to this right the consumer have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
  • Right of Heard or right to Representation: According to this right the consumer has the right to represent himself or to be heard or right to advocate his interest.
  • Right to seek Redressal: According to this right the consumer has the right to get compensation or seek redressal against unfair trade practices or any other exploitation.
  • Right to consumer education: According to this right it is the right of consumer to acquire the knowledge and skill to be informed to customers.

Question: Distinguish between the Redressal Agencies available to consumer under the consumer protection Act 1986 . Answer:

Question: Radha found a worm crawling out of newly opened tetra pack of a juice manufactured by a reputed , Zest , Ltd. .. She went back to the shopkeeper from whom the pack was purchased who directed her to call up the customer care centre. When all her efforts failed, she went to a customer activist group to seek help. The group decided to help Radha and take measures to impose restrictions on the sale of the firm’s products of the particular batch and urge customer to refrain from buying the products of the company. Zest Ltd. lost its image in the market. The CEO gives the responsibility of bringing back the lost image of the company to a Manager. ( i) Identify the concept of Marketing Management which will help the manager getting the firm out of the above crisis. ( ii) Also explain the role of above identified concept by stating any two points. Answer: (i) Public relations (ii) Role of public relation : –

  • Press Relations : The public relation department is in contact with the media to present true facts and a correct picture about the company. Otherwise needs can be distorted if taken from other sources. This department present the information in a positive manner is the press.
  • Product publicity: The public relations department makes special efforts to publicize the new products. This department manages sponsoring of such events. They arrange sports and cultural events, new conferences, seminars and exhibition.
  • Counseling: The public relations department advises the management on general issues which affect the public. The company can build goodwill by contributing money and time for certain like, environment, children’s, education, wildlife etc.

Long Answer Type Questions:  

Question: Explain four P’s of marketing mix? OR What is meant by marketing mix ? explain different elements and components of marketing mix. Answer: Marketing mix are the set of marketing tools that firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market . The four main element of marketing mix as classified by MCcarthy are : 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place/physical Distribution 4. Promotion 1. Product: The product mix refers to important decisions related to the product such as quality of product, design of product , packaging of product ,packing of product, etc. Another important thing included in product mix is product assortment. It refers to number of product an items a particular producer offers to the market. Important components of Product mix – ( i) Branding : A brand is the identification of a product. It can be in the form of a name, symbol, or design etc. The branding is not only done to identify the seller or producer but also to make your product superior than competitor’s product. (ii) Packaging: The company always supply the products in packaged form for example, coke comes in bottle, Tide in bag, Biscuits in Wrapper , Oil in jar etc. (iii) Labeling: Labeling means putting identification marks on the package. Label is the carrier of information

2. Price: Price is normally expressed in monetary terms. It is the worth of a product or service monetary terms. It is monetary sacrifice which a buyer makes when he buy something. Price may be called by different names for examples , price of education is tuition fees , price for using road etc, is toll, price for job is salary, price for apartment is rent etc. Price mix refers to important decisions related to fixing of price of a commodity. These decisions can be related to price of competitors, decisions related to demand , decisions related to fixing cost , etc. 3.Place / physical Distribution:  Place refers to the set of decisions that need to be taken in order to make the product available. If the product are not available to the customers at the right place at the right time then customer would not be able to buy them. Place element is a process by which the goods are transferred from the place of production to the place of consumption. Place mix refers to important decisions related to physical distributions of goods and services. These decisions are deciding the channel of distribution, market for distribution etc place mix include : (i) channels of distribution (ii) physical movement of goods. 4. Promotions:  It refers to all the decisions related to promotions of sales of products and services. The important decisions of promotion mix are selecting advertising media, selecting promotional techniques, using publicity measures and public relations etc. There are various tools and element available for promotion. These are adopted by firms to carry on its promotional activities. The marketer generally chooses a combination of these promotional tools. Following are the tools or elements of promotion. They are also called elements of promotion mix – (i) Advertising (ii) Sales promotion (iii) Personal selling (iv) Public relations

Question: Recently, Prices of perfumes, which are one of the major ingredients of agarbattis, have gone up substantially. Since there is keen competition in the agarbatti market, no manufacturer increased the price of agarbattis. In turn, most of the manufacturer opted to reduce the quantity of perfumes in agarbattis to cut their cost of production. This has resulted in decreased quality of agarbattis though their prices have not changed. In order to overcome this problem, Garden Ltd. introduced a new set of agarbattis under the brand name Khusbhoo. Khusbhoo agarbattis captured the agarbattis market very quickly. (i) Identify the product – related issue involved in the above case and explain its three functions. (ii) Mention three features of that concept. Answer: (i) Branding Functions :

  • Helps in Product Differentiations: With branding marketer can differentiate his products from the competitor’s product.
  • Helps in Advertising: With the brand name advertising become most effective as it not only makes people aware about the features of product but also about brand which can provide these benefits.
  • Differential pricing: With established brand name the firm can easily change high price for its product as compared to competitor’s product

(ii) Qualities/Features of Branding :

  • Brand name should be short and simple. For example, Lux, Dettol, Surf, etc. As long and complicated names are difficult to recognize and remember .
  • Brand names should be easy to pronounce as if it is difficult to pronounce the customer will hesitate to demand for it e.g. product names like Heinz etc. are difficult to pronounce.
  • Brand name should be suggestive i.e. it must suggest the utility of the product for example, Hajmola suggests digestive property, Ujala suggests brightness, Hair and care suggests care of hair ,etc.
  • The brand name should be unique and distinctive . The brand name should be very different and should not lose its identity for example, Ariel, Tide, etc.

Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions

Related Posts

Physical Education and Sports for CWSN Class 12 Physical Education Important Questions

Physical Education and Sports for CWSN Class 12 Physical Education Important Questions

Enterprise marketing class 12 entrepreneurship important questions.

Class 12 History Important Questions

Class 12 History Important Questions

aviazapchast

  • Aviazapchast PLC Representative Offices
  • Licenses and Certifications
  • Quality Management
  • International partners
  • Partner companies

IMAGES

  1. Class 12

    marketing management assignment class 12

  2. Marketing Management Economics Project Class 12 CBSE

    marketing management assignment class 12

  3. MBA ASSIGNMENT MB0046 MARKETING MANAGEME

    marketing management assignment class 12

  4. marketing management class 12

    marketing management assignment class 12

  5. Marketing Management Project Business Studies Class 12 CBSE

    marketing management assignment class 12

  6. Marketing Management Assignment 1

    marketing management assignment class 12

VIDEO

  1. Marketing Management

  2. Marketing Management

  3. Marketing Management

  4. Marketing Management

  5. Marketing Management in One Shot

  6. Marketing Management

COMMENTS

  1. Business Studies Class 12 Project

    For this BST project class 12 on Marketing Management, The students can consider the following products and conduct research to gather information about the various aspects concerning the marketing of the product. Some of the most prominent and sought-after products are mentioned in the table below:

  2. Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies

    CHAPTER - 11 Marketing Management class 12 Notes Business Studies MEANING OF SOME IMPORTANT TERMS: • Needs = basic human requirements. Essential items necessary or fundamental to human existence. • Wants= desire for a particular product. Tend to be "satisfier specific". • Demand- willingness to buy is backed by purchasing power

  3. Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies Notes and Questions

    1. Identify the concept of Marketing Management which will help the Manager getting the firm out of the above crisis. 2. Also explain the role of above identified concept by stating any two points. Ans. 1. Public Relations 2. Role of Public Relations: 1. Product Publicity: 2. Counseling: Q. 3.

  4. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Marketing

    The Class 12 NCERT Solutions provides a clear picture of what is market and its functioning. Download the PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 - Marketing Access NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 11 Very Short Answer Questions NCERT Business Studies Solutions Class 12 Chapter 11

  5. Marketing Class 12 Notes CBSE Business Studies Chapter 11 (PDF)

    The Class 12 Business Studies revision notes Chapter 11 includes and summarises all of the key concepts such as the definition of marketing, features of marketing, functions of marketing, marketing mix, marketing mix ingredients, and so on.

  6. Marketing Management Class 12 Notes

    Jan 28, 2022 6 minute read Business Studies is an integral subject of the class 12 commerce syllabus and marketing management is one of the most scoring chapters of the class 12 business studies syllabus. If you are thorough with your notes and prepare well, it can be easy as well. . Here in this blog, we shall discuss in brief about this chapter.

  7. Marketing Class 12 Notes Business Studies Chapter 11

    Product Concept: The emphasis of business firms shifts from large quantity of products to good quality. Selling Concept: The focus of business firms shifted to pushing the sale of products through aggressive selling techniques with a view to persuade buyers to buy the products. Marketing Concept: The organisation emphasize on identifying needs ...

  8. Class 12 Marketing

    Learn the concepts of Class 12 Business Studies Marketing with Videos and Stories. Define marketing management; Discuss marketing v / s selling; Discuss the selling concept; Discuss the marketing concept; Discuss the societal marketing concept; Discuss Branding; Discuss Customer Support.

  9. Marketing Management

    In this video we are discussing :Marketing management | BUSINESS STUDIES | Class 12 Subscribe Our Channels -Rajat Arora : https://youtube.com/channel/UCE_uu...

  10. Marketing Management

    Marketing Management | Part 1 | Class 12 | Chapter 11 | Business StudiesSubscribe Our Channels -Rajat Arora : / @rajataroraofficial Rajat Arora Talks : ...

  11. Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies (PDF)

    Marketing Management Notes for Class 12 Business Studies are here. You can download the Marketing Management Notes PDF to study all the topics in this chapter. Moreover the class 12 Business Studies notes include chapter summary, definitions, examples, and key pointers for Marketing Management.

  12. Marketing Management Class 12 Notes PDF (Handwritten ...

    The Marketing Management notes Class 12 PDF are one of the important study materials while preparing for the chapter. Students generally refer to the notes after completing the chapter Marketing Management. Class 12 notes is a collection of short summaries of sub-topics, topics and key points.

  13. Class 12 Business Studies Assignments

    All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Business Studies Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below. Business Studies Class 12 Assignments Pdf Download We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 12 Business Studies.

  14. Marketing Management Notes

    2. Creating a market offering : Complete offer for a product of service. 3. Customer value : greatest benefit or value for the money. 4. Exchange mechanism : Exchange of products / services for money / value.

  15. MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12

    MCQ on Marketing Management Class 12. 22. Raheja Foods is a well-known brand in the market. People have admired and purchased their products for years. In terms of repeat purchases and new customers, the brand has experienced significant growth. The company's top management has decided to launch new items now that the company has grown.

  16. Assignments

    The case reports should consist of approximately five (5) pages of text (space‐and‐a‐half, 12‐point fonts, standard margins) and should address the Discussion Questions (PDF).Longer reports are strongly discouraged. (As Pascal said: "I'm sorry I wrote you such a long letter; I didn't have time to write a short one.")

  17. Marketing Management Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions

    Class 12 Business Studies Important Questions Marketing Management. Question: For selling its cars and vAnswer: Maruti udyog is making used of which channel of distribution? Answer: Indirect channel (one level of distribution channel). Question: Mansi took her niece, Ridhima, for shopping to ' Mega Stores ' to buy her a bag for her birthday.

  18. Elemash-English Version

    MSZ Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Joint-Stock Company. 144001, Karl Marx Str. 12, Elektrostal Moscow Region, Russian Federation, Tel: (495) 702-99-01 Fax: (495)702-92-21 E-mail: [email protected] www.elemash.ru. MSZ Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Joint-Stock Company (MSZ JSC ) is one of the largest industrial enterprises in the country.

  19. Partners

    3. 360 Aircraft Repair Plant, Joint-Stock Company (360 ARP JSC) Ryazan. 4. 419 Aircraft Repair Plant, Joint-Stock Company (419 ARP JSC) Saint-Petersburg. 5. 99 Aviation Technological Equipment Plant, Joint-Stock Company (99 ZATO JSC) Moscow.

  20. BETA GIDA, OOO Company Profile

    Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for BETA GIDA, OOO of Elektrostal, Moscow region. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet.

  21. seat map emirates

    Emirates Boeing 777 Seat Maps Emirates. 777-200 LR V.1. 777-300 er v.1, 777-300 er v.2, 777-300 er v.3, 777-300 er v.4, 777-300 er v.5, click on a seat for details. Seat map key.