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Create Amazon EC2 using Terraform

assign public ip to ec2 instance terraform

One of the first components I created on the AWS cloud was an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance by watching hands-on tutorials. Little did I know about the infrastructure bits that went behind that. In this note, I list the AWS infrastructure and the configurations I created to host an Amazon EC2 instance using Terraform. To make this use case interesting, I added the capability to access the internet from the Amazon EC2 instance . While trying to learn the underlying concepts, I came across numerous videos that demoed how to host an Amazon EC2 in AWS using the console. However, I was unsure how many of these approaches were secure or, said differently, had security as a top consideration. An Amazon EC2 instance is a virtual machine you host in a private cloud. I required a few infrastructure components before creating an Amazon EC2 instance in my AWS account. These were:

1. An Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). 2. A subnet in the VPC. 3. A route table in the VPC associated with the subnet. 4. An internet gateway in the VPC. 5. A route in the route table to allow network traffic from the Amazon EC2 instance to the internet. 6. A security group.

I stored the Terraform code associated with this project at GitHub: ec2-userdata-terraform . As I listed above, I created a few infrastructure components before launching an Amazon EC2 instance in my AWS account. I’ll briefly mention these components and how and why they are necessary. Note: The best resource to study for AWS networking is the AWS-Docs . That is my go-to resource for any clarifications. It could be exhausting to go through it, but it is worth it.

Pre-requisite: Please create a new Amazon EC2 key pair with pem format. You can find details at – create-key-pair . After creating the key, download the key to your local laptop. When you try to RDP into the Amazon EC2 instance, you will require this to generate the password. Also, please note that you will require the key-pair name in the Amazon EC2 resource block. In my GitHub repository, it is referred to as skundu-sandbox . Your key-pair name can be different.

53-image-1

After running terraform apply , I could log in to these Amazon EC2 instances and access the internet from there, which was my primary use case. If you are interested, you should be able to take this code and run it after making a few modifications.

Thank you for reading my note. If you believe I have misstated some things, please let me know via the comments. Also, please reach out if you have questions or suggestions.

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Amazon EC2 instance IP addressing

Amazon EC2 and Amazon VPC support both the IPv4 and IPv6 addressing protocols. By default, Amazon VPC uses the IPv4 addressing protocol; you can't disable this behavior. When you create a VPC, you must specify an IPv4 CIDR block (a range of private IPv4 addresses). You can optionally assign an IPv6 CIDR block to your VPC and assign IPv6 addresses from that block to instances in your subnets.

Private IPv4 addresses

Public ipv4 addresses, elastic ip addresses (ipv4), ipv6 addresses, work with the ipv4 addresses for your instances, work with the ipv6 addresses for your instances.

  • Multiple IP addresses

EC2 instance hostnames

Link-local addresses.

A private IPv4 address is an IP address that's not reachable over the Internet. You can use private IPv4 addresses for communication between instances in the same VPC. For more information about the standards and specifications of private IPv4 addresses, see RFC 1918 . We allocate private IPv4 addresses to instances using DHCP.

You can create a VPC with a publicly routable CIDR block that falls outside of the private IPv4 address ranges specified in RFC 1918. However, for the purposes of this documentation, we refer to private IPv4 addresses (or 'private IP addresses') as the IP addresses that are within the IPv4 CIDR range of your VPC.

VPC subnets can be one of the following types:

IPv4-only subnets: You can only create resources in these subnets with IPv4 addresses assigned to them.

IPv6-only subnets: You can only create resources in these subnets with IPv6 addresses assigned to them.

IPv4 and IPv6 subnets: You can create resources in these subnets with either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses assigned to them.

When you launch an EC2 instance into an IPv4-only or dual stack (IPv4 and IPv6) subnet, the instance receives a primary private IP address from the IPv4 address range of the subnet. For more information, see IP addressing in the Amazon VPC User Guide . If you don't specify a primary private IP address when you launch the instance, we select an available IP address in the subnet's IPv4 range for you. Each instance has a default network interface (eth0) that is assigned the primary private IPv4 address. You can also specify additional private IPv4 addresses, known as secondary private IPv4 addresses . Unlike primary private IP addresses, secondary private IP addresses can be reassigned from one instance to another. For more information, see Multiple IP addresses .

A private IPv4 address, regardless of whether it is a primary or secondary address, remains associated with the network interface when the instance is stopped and started, or hibernated and started, and is released when the instance is terminated.

A public IP address is an IPv4 address that's reachable from the Internet. You can use public addresses for communication between your instances and the Internet.

When you launch an instance in a default VPC, we assign it a public IP address by default. When you launch an instance into a nondefault VPC, the subnet has an attribute that determines whether instances launched into that subnet receive a public IP address from the public IPv4 address pool. By default, we don't assign a public IP address to instances launched in a nondefault subnet.

You can control whether your instance receives a public IP address as follows:

Modifying the public IP addressing attribute of your subnet. For more information, see Modify the public IPv4 addressing attribute for your subnet in the Amazon VPC User Guide .

Enabling or disabling the public IP addressing feature during launch, which overrides the subnet's public IP addressing attribute. For more information, see Assign a public IPv4 address during instance launch .

A public IP address is assigned to your instance from Amazon's pool of public IPv4 addresses, and is not associated with your AWS account. When a public IP address is disassociated from your instance, it is released back into the public IPv4 address pool, and you cannot reuse it.

You cannot manually associate or disassociate a public IP (IPv4) address from your instance. Instead, in certain cases, we release the public IP address from your instance, or assign it a new one:

We release your instance's public IP address when it is stopped, hibernated, or terminated. Your stopped or hibernated instance receives a new public IP address when it is started.

We release your instance's public IP address when you associate an Elastic IP address with it. When you disassociate the Elastic IP address from your instance, it receives a new public IP address.

If the public IP address of your instance in a VPC has been released, it will not receive a new one if there is more than one network interface attached to your instance.

If your instance's public IP address is released while it has a secondary private IP address that is associated with an Elastic IP address, the instance does not receive a new public IP address.

If you require a persistent public IP address that can be associated to and from instances as you require, use an Elastic IP address instead.

If you use dynamic DNS to map an existing DNS name to a new instance's public IP address, it might take up to 24 hours for the IP address to propagate through the Internet. As a result, new instances might not receive traffic while terminated instances continue to receive requests. To solve this problem, use an Elastic IP address. You can allocate your own Elastic IP address, and associate it with your instance. For more information, see Elastic IP addresses .

AWS charges for all public IPv4 addresses, including public IPv4 addresses associated with running instances and Elastic IP addresses. For more information, see the Public IPv4 Address tab on the Amazon VPC pricing page .

Instances that access other instances through their public NAT IP address are charged for regional or Internet data transfer, depending on whether the instances are in the same Region.

An Elastic IP address is a public IPv4 address that you can allocate to your account. You can associate it to and disassociate it from instances as you require. It's allocated to your account until you choose to release it. For more information about Elastic IP addresses and how to use them, see Elastic IP addresses .

We do not support Elastic IP addresses for IPv6.

You can optionally associate an IPv6 CIDR block with your VPC and associate IPv6 CIDR blocks with your subnets. The IPv6 CIDR block for your VPC is automatically assigned from Amazon's pool of IPv6 addresses; you cannot choose the range yourself. For more information, see the following topics in the Amazon VPC User Guide :

IP addressing for your VPCs and subnets

Add an IPv6 CIDR block to your VPC

Add an IPv6 CIDR block to your subnet

IPv6 addresses are globally unique and can be configured to remain private or reachable over the Internet. Your instance receives an IPv6 address if an IPv6 CIDR block is associated with your VPC and subnet, and if one of the following is true:

Your subnet is configured to automatically assign an IPv6 address to an instance during launch. For more information, see Modify the IPv6 addressing attribute for your subnet .

You assign an IPv6 address to your instance during launch.

You assign an IPv6 address to the primary network interface of your instance after launch.

You assign an IPv6 address to a network interface in the same subnet, and attach the network interface to your instance after launch.

When your instance receives an IPv6 address during launch, the address is associated with the primary network interface (eth0) of the instance. You can manage the IPv6 addresses for your instances primary network interface (eth0) in the following ways:

Assign and unassign IPv6 addresses from the network interface. The number of IPv6 addresses you can assign to a network interface and the number of network interfaces you can attach to an instance varies per instance type. For more information, see IP addresses per network interface per instance type .

Enable a primary IPv6 address. A primary IPv6 address enables you to avoid disrupting traffic to instances or ENIs. For more information, see Create a network interface or Manage IP addresses .

An IPv6 address persists when you stop and start, or hibernate and start, your instance, and is released when you terminate your instance. You cannot reassign an IPv6 address while it's assigned to another network interface—you must first unassign it.

You can control whether instances are reachable via their IPv6 addresses by controlling the routing for your subnet or by using security group and network ACL rules. For more information, see Internetwork traffic privacy in the Amazon VPC User Guide .

For more information about reserved IPv6 address ranges, see IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry and RFC4291 .

You can assign a public IPv4 address to your instance when you launch it. You can view the IPv4 addresses for your instance in the console through either the Instances page or the Network Interfaces page.

View the IPv4 addresses

Assign a public ipv4 address during instance launch.

You can use the Amazon EC2 console to view the public and private IPv4 addresses of your instances. You can also determine the public IPv4 and private IPv4 addresses of your instance from within your instance by using instance metadata. For more information, see Instance metadata and user data .

The public IPv4 address is displayed as a property of the network interface in the console, but it's mapped to the primary private IPv4 address through NAT. Therefore, if you inspect the properties of your network interface on your instance, for example, through ifconfig (Linux) or ipconfig (Windows), the public IPv4 address is not displayed. To determine your instance's public IPv4 address from an instance, use instance metadata.

To view the IPv4 addresses for an instance using the console

Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/ .

In the navigation pane, choose Instances and select your instance.

The following information is available on the Networking tab:

Public IPv4 address — The public IPv4 address. If you associated an Elastic IP address with the instance or the primary network interface, this is the Elastic IP address.

Private IPv4 addresses — The private IPv4 address.

Secondary private IPv4 addresses — Any secondary private IPv4 addresses.

To view more detailed information, on the Networking tab, choose the ID of the primary network interface to open the Network interfaces page, and then choose the ID of the network interface to open its details page.

To view the IPv4 addresses for an instance using the command line

You can use one of the following commands. For more information about these command line interfaces, see Access Amazon EC2 .

describe-instances (AWS CLI)

Get-EC2Instance (AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell).

To determine your instance's IPv4 addresses using instance metadata

Connect to your instance. For more information, see Connect to your Linux instance .

Use the following command to access the private IP address:

Use the following command to access the public IP address:

If an Elastic IP address is associated with the instance, the value returned is that of the Elastic IP address.

Each subnet has an attribute that determines whether instances launched into that subnet are assigned a public IP address. By default, nondefault subnets have this attribute set to false, and default subnets have this attribute set to true. When you launch an instance, a public IPv4 addressing feature is also available for you to control whether your instance is assigned a public IPv4 address; you can override the default behavior of the subnet's IP addressing attribute. The public IPv4 address is assigned from Amazon's pool of public IPv4 addresses, and is assigned to the network interface with the device index of eth0. This feature depends on certain conditions at the time you launch your instance.

Considerations

You can't manually disassociate the public IP address from your instance after launch. Instead, it's automatically released in certain cases, after which you cannot reuse it. For more information, see Public IPv4 addresses . If you require a persistent public IP address that you can associate or disassociate at will, assign an Elastic IP address to the instance after launch instead. For more information, see Elastic IP addresses .

You cannot auto-assign a public IP address if you specify more than one network interface. Additionally, you cannot override the subnet setting using the auto-assign public IP feature if you specify an existing network interface for eth0.

The public IP addressing feature is only available during launch. However, whether you assign a public IP address to your instance during launch or not, you can associate an Elastic IP address with your instance after it's launched. For more information, see Elastic IP addresses . You can also modify your subnet's public IPv4 addressing behavior. For more information, see Modify the public IPv4 addressing attribute for your subnet .

To assign a public IPv4 address during instance launch using the console

Follow the procedure to launch an instance , and when you configure Network Settings , choose the option to Auto-assign Public IP .

To enable or disable the public IP addressing feature using the command line

Use the --associate-public-ip-address or the --no-associate-public-ip-address option with the run-instances command (AWS CLI)

Use the -AssociatePublicIp parameter with the New-EC2Instance command (AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell)

You can view the IPv6 addresses assigned to your instance, assign a public IPv6 address to your instance, or unassign an IPv6 address from your instance. You can view these addresses in the console through either the Instances page or the Network Interfaces page.

View the IPv6 addresses

Assign an ipv6 address to an instance, unassign an ipv6 address from an instance.

You can use the Amazon EC2 console, AWS CLI, and instance metadata to view the IPv6 addresses for your instances.

To view the IPv6 addresses for an instance using the console

In the navigation pane, choose Instances .

Select the instance.

On the Networking tab, locate IPv6 addresses .

To view the IPv6 addresses for an instance using the command line

To view the ipv6 addresses for an instance using instance metadata.

Use the following command to view the IPv6 address (you can get the MAC address from http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/network/interfaces/macs/ ).

If your VPC and subnet have IPv6 CIDR blocks associated with them, you can assign an IPv6 address to your instance during or after launch. The IPv6 address is assigned from the IPv6 address range of the subnet, and is assigned to the network interface with the device index of eth0.

To assign an IPv6 address during instance launch

Follow the procedure to launch an instance , and when you configure Network Settings , choose the option to Auto-assign IPv6 IP .

To assign an IPv6 address after launch

Select your instance, and choose Actions , Networking , Manage IP addresses .

Expand the network interface. Under IPv6 addresses , choose Assign new IP address . Enter an IPv6 address from the range of the subnet or leave the field blank to let Amazon choose an IPv6 address for you.

Choose Save .

To assign an IPv6 address using the command line

Use the --ipv6-addresses option with the run-instances command (AWS CLI)

Use the Ipv6Addresses property for -NetworkInterface in the New-EC2Instance command (AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell)

assign-ipv6-addresses (AWS CLI)

Register-EC2Ipv6AddressList (AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell)

You can unassign an IPv6 address from an instance at any time.

To unassign an IPv6 address from an instance using the console

Expand the network interface. Under IPv6 addresses , choose Unassign next to the IPv6 address.

To unassign an IPv6 address from an instance using the command line

unassign-ipv6-addresses (AWS CLI)

Unregister-EC2Ipv6AddressList (AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell).

When you create an EC2 instance, AWS creates a hostname for that instance. For more information on the types of hostnames and how they're provisioned by AWS, see Amazon EC2 instance hostname types . Amazon provides a DNS server that resolves Amazon-provided hostnames to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. The Amazon DNS server is located at the base of your VPC network range plus two. For more information, see DNS attributes for your VPC in the Amazon VPC User Guide .

Link-local addresses are well-known, non-routable IP addresses. Amazon EC2 uses addresses from the link-local address space to provide services that are accessible only from an EC2 instance. These services do not run on the instance, they run on the underlying host. When you access the link-local addresses for these services, you're communicating with either the Xen hypervisor or the Nitro controller.

Link-local address ranges

IPv4 – 169.254.0.0/16 (169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255)

IPv6 – fe80::/10

Services that you access using link-local addresses

Instance Metadata Service

Amazon Route 53 Resolver (also known as the Amazon DNS server)

Amazon Time Sync Service

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How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform

How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform

Dear Reader, I hope you are doing great. In my previous posts, we talked about Elastic IP and its significance with respect to EC2 instances. We also saw how to attach an elastic IP to an EC2 instance using AWS console and CloudFormation .

In this post, you will learn how to attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform. We’ll allocate an elastic IP to our AWS account and then attach that EIP to one of the EC2 instances using Terraform.

So, are you ready?

Important Note:  I assume that you already know  terraform . You also know how to create resources using terraform on AWS. If not, I highly recommend you to check my previous post:  Getting Started With Terraform on AWS in Right Way . I also recommend a  course  that I took in my early days of terraform to get my journey kickstarted. Check it out on  Udemy

Prerequisite

  • An active AWS account: See  How to Setup Free Tier Account in AWS in Right Way
  • An IAM user with permission
  • Terraform installed on your system
  • Basic knowledge of Terraform

Overview of Elastic IP with respect to EC2

As you might already know, if you launch an EC2 instanc e in your default VPC, a public IP gets automatically assigned to your instance. You use that to connect to(SSH) your EC2 instance remotely or to access an application on your instance online via public IP or public DNS.

This sounds good.

But the problem which you might already be aware of is public IPs are dynamic in nature. This means when you stop your instance and start it again , your instance’s public IP changes . Needless to say, you no more can access your instance using your previous public IP.

It becomes even more difficult when you have an  “A”  record in route 53 that maps to your instance’s public IP. It simply doesn’t make sense to update your  A  record every time your instance changes the IP. Does it?

Talking about the solutions, one of the ways (not the best-mind it) in such cases is to assign an elastic IP to your instance which is a static public IP and will not change on the stop and start of your instance. Read my previous post to understand it in even more detail (Link below).

Suggested Read:  How to Assign an Elastic IP to your EC2 Instance in AWS

What’s so Special About Elastic IP That you need to Know

I think by now, this should be clear. However, just to sum things up, I will reinstate these points again.

  • Elastic IPs are public IPs that are static and associated with your AWS account.
  • Unlike public IP, EIP do not change for your instance when you stop and start your EC2 instance
  • You can check EIP pricing on AWS documentation .

Steps to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform

  • Initialize the Provider
  • Create an EC2 Instance
  • Create an EIP or Elastic IP
  • Associate EIP to EC2 Instance
  • Validate EIP Association

Let’s get started with the steps…

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Step 1: Initialize the Provider

Create a directory for your terraform files. Once done, create a new .tf file that will contain the required resources.

First of all, we’ll add the provider declaration to let Terraform know that we’ll be working with the AWS provider.

If you want to create your resource in any other region then your profile is set up, pass region value as well in provider declaration.

For example-

Once done, run terraform init to download provider-specific codes/plugins. This is how it looks like when you run terraform init .

How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform 1

Step 2: Create an EC2 Instance

We have declared the provider in the previous section. Let’s add an EC2 resource to create one.

As you can see, we have added two variables for AMI and key. You can change it based on your need. You can find AMI for your region by going to the AWS EC2 dashboard.

We will gradually add other resources to our configuration file.

Run terraform apply to create the EC2 resource. Enter yes when prompted as shown below and an EC2 resource is created for you as can be seen in the screenshot.

Create an EC2 using Terraform

Step 3: Create an EIP

Add a resource to allocate an EIP for your AWS account.

 vpc = true indicates that this EIP is for use in VPC ( vpc ).

After adding an EIP resource and running terraform apply you can see that an EIP resource is created.

attach an EIP to Ec2

Step 4: Associate EIP to EC2 Instance

There are two ways in which you can do it.

Using the instance property of the aws_eip resource or by using the aws_eip_association resource.

1. Using the instance attribute of aws_eip

2.By using aws_eip_association resource

For example, as you can see in the screenshot below, once we have added the instance property to aws_eip , the resource is modified and EIP is associated to the mentioned instance.

How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform 4

Note : aws_eip_association  is useful in scenarios where EIPs are either pre-existing or distributed to customers or users and therefore cannot be changed. (Copied from HashiCorp docs)

Step 5: Validate EIP Association

Login to AWS Management Console and navigate to the EC2 dashboard. Select your EC2 instance and click on it to go to the instance details screen.

You can see that public IP and elastic IP is shown as same as you would expect.

How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform 6

For your satisfaction, stop and start your Ec2 instance. This time you will notice that public IP doesn’t change and is always equal to elastic IP.

If you are doing this tutorial just for learning purposes, consider deleting the resource that you have created so that you don’t get charged for it. And you can sleep peacefully.

Run terraform destroy command. And once you say yes to the prompt, all the created resources are deleted and you get a success message like below.

destroy all resources and clean up

Related: How to Create Cost Budget in AWS to Avoid Billing Shock

Final Terraform Configuration to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform

For your convenience, I am putting the final consolidated configuration again so that you can take and create it.

This post taught us how to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform.

Let’s summarize what we did in this post.

  • We learnt about Elastic IP and their need.
  • Created an EC2 instance and Elastic IP.
  • Associated Elastic IP with EC2 Instance using Terraform.
  • Validated the EC2 and EIP association in the AWS console.
  • Cleaned up resources to avoid billing shock.

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Suggested Read:

  • How to Enable Ping on an EC2 Instance
  • How to Launch an EC2 Instance in AWS Step by Step
  • Understand IAM PassRole to Secure your AWS Infrastructure
  • Attach an IAM Role to an EC2 Instance using CloudFormation
  • How to Attach an IAM role to EC2 instance using Terraform
  • AWS EC2 instance Purchasing Options: All you need to know
  • Install Apache Web Server on a EC2 instance in AWS

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AWS re:Post

How can I associate a static public IP address with my EC2 Windows or Linux instance or network interface?

The auto-assigned public IP address associated with my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance changes every time I stop and start the instance.

Short description

An Elastic IP address is a static public IPv4 address associated with your AWS account in a specific Region. Unlike an auto-assigned public IP address, an Elastic IP address is preserved after you stop and start your instance in a virtual private cloud (VPC).

You can use these tools to associate an Elastic IP address with your EC2 instance:

  • The Amazon EC2 console
  • The AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
  • AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

Note: If you receive errors when you run AWS CLI commands, see Troubleshoot AWS CLI errors . Also, make sure that you're using the most recent AWS CLI version .

Static IP addresses have these limitations:

  • You can't use an auto-assigned public IP address to retain or reserve the current public IP address assigned to the instance.
  • You can't convert an auto-assigned public IP address to an Elastic IP address.

Note: The default quota for Elastic IP addresses is 5 per Region per AWS account. For more information about quotas and how to request an increase, see Elastic IP address quota .

To allocate and associate an Elastic IP address with your EC2 Windows or Linux instance or network interface, follow these steps:

  • Allocate an Elastic IP address from either Amazon's pool of public IPv4 addresses or bring your own IP addresses (BYOIP) to your AWS account.
  • Associate the Elastic IP address with an instance or network interface.

You can also disassociate an Elastic IP address, and then re-associate it with a different instance.

Related information

How can I assign a static IP address to my Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

Elastic IP addresses

Amazon EC2 instance IP addressing

Stop and start your instance

Related videos

Watch Aditi's video to learn more (4:48)

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How To Create An EC2 Instance With Terraform

Step-by-step guide on how to create an ec2 instance on aws with terraform.

Kevin Vogel

Kevin Vogel

Level Up Coding

In addition to my other article Why You Should Use Terraform , I going to show you how to get started with Terraform. If you didn’t read this article, I recommend doing so before you continue here.

In this guide, we going to launch an EC2 Instance (Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS) on AWS with Terraform. Also, we going to set up a VPC, creating a key pair by Terraform automatically, to connect to your EC2 instance by SSH and we going to install NGINX on our server. And we do all that just by code! Sounds good, right?

If you don’t have Terraform installed yet, please follow the official installation guide . This article is based on Terraform version 1.1.7.

I have uploaded this project to Github .

Create IAM User

But, there is one little thing we need to deal with on AWS manually. We need to create a new IAM user for Terraform , which has permissions to create all these cool things we going to code with Terraform. But, no worries, that’s quickly done, just follow me along.

Login to your AWS console and go to your IAM dashboard and create a new User. Here are the important settings:

  • Access Type: Programmatic
  • Permissions: AdminstratorAccess

Selecting AdminstratorAccess is not recommended at all. You should never do that. But for sake of simplicity, that’s the way we go. Just keep in mind to grant your Terraform user only the necessary permissions in the future, especially on production AWS accounts.

Here is my summary of creating a new user. It should look similar on your side.

Continue and then save/download the Access Key and Secret Access Key , we going to need them very soon.

Terraform Project

That’s it, now we can start to code with Terraform.

Create Project

Project structure.

As usual in my guides, I going to continue with the final file structure.

You might have no idea what this filename means, but just stick with me, I going to explain them soon enough.

But what you should know is, that we don’t need to import/export files in Terraform. Terraform is smart enough to handle this for us.

Your product structure should look like this:

Preparing Variables, Locals, and Providers

First, we going to code are (environment) variables, locals, and configure AWS as a provider inside our root directory.

Environment Variables

Here is where we store our Access Key and Secret Access Key of the user we just created on the IAM dashboard. Just insert them between the quotes.

This file will be automatically used by Terraform to handle its input as variables inside our Terraform code.

terraform.tfvars This file handles usually sensitive values . Add this file always to your .gitignore if you using Git.

Let’s add some code to terraform.tfvars

access_ip will specify later from which IP we can connect/visit our server from the web (HTTP/SSH). 0.0.0.0/0 means, that everybody can connect and visit our server.

So as I just said, Environment Variables will be handled as variables , so we have to declare them once more but keep in my, we have defined the most sensitive ones already in the terraform.tfvars file already.

Additionally, we add 1 more variable here called aws_region

Some people would argue, that this variable could be also sensitive, but for sake of demonstration, we define it inside this file with a default value eu-central-1 . Replace this value with your preferred region. You’ll find a list of all regions here . Take whatever suits you most based on your location.

Let’s add code to variables.tf

Since we going to work with AWS, we need to register and configure AWS as the provider . As you can from lines 10 to 12 , we going to use our (environment) variables already.

Let’s add code to providers.tf

Locals are similar to variables, but 1 pattern we use sometimes is to use locals as programmatically-derived values based on (possibly missing or uncoupled) variables.

Here, we going to specify the CIDR of the VPC and the security groups for the EC2 instance. We let everyone give access to our server by SSH, HTTP, and HTTPS. For security reasons, it’s not recommended to give anyone access to SSH. The recommended way is to grant only IP address access who need to have access, such as yourself and other system administrators.

But you know, for sake of simplicity …

Let’s add code to locals.tf

Create a VPC

Now we going to configure the first of two modules we going to have.

The VPC module will receive variables later, so we need to prepare for that by defining these given variables.

Let’s add code to network/variables.tf

Data Sources

Data sources allow Terraform to use the information defined outside of Terraform, for example, defined by registered providers such as AWS.

In this specific case, we going to get all AWS availability zones based on our AWS region as a list of strings.

In my particular case: eu-central-1a eu-central-1b eu-central-1c

The return of this data source will be different on your side if you defined a different AWS region. But don’t bother too much with this, since it’s auto-generated based on your defined region.

Let’s add code to network/data.tf

The file main.tf is usually the heart of any module we define. Here is where we set up the VPC in this particular case as resources . But besides configuring the VPC we need to do way more. We need to configure Subnets, Route Tables, which we have to associate with each other, configure Security Groups, and so on. I assume you are familiar with these.

The specialty in this file is the very last resource aws_security_group . We using a Dynamic Block here. I recommend reading the documentation to understand how this keyword works.

Let’s add code to network/main.tf

After setting up our VPC, Security Groups, and so on, we going to return some data as outputs . So we can use this data in other modules. Since we going to set up an EC2 instance, we need for instance the Security Group ID.

Let’s add code to network/outputs.tf

Add VPC as Module

Now, we need to add this whole VPC configuration as a module. Remember, I said, we need to give the VPC configuration later some variables, now we going to do that.

Watch out, we are in the root directory now!

Let’s add code to main.tf

Testing the VPC

If you want to test the VPC configuration already, then you can do that. Scroll down to the Command section of this article. But this is very optional. I going to explain the commands after setting up the EC2 instance.

EC2 Instance

Now, let’s continue with the configuration of our EC2 instance. We won’t face too many new keywords here, so this is quickly done.

This file is interesting. Because we going to receive the output variables from the VPC module later, so we have to define them for the EC2 module.

Let’s add code to ec2/variables.tf

In this file, we specify the configuration script which runs during the first time launch of the EC2 instance. That’s where we install NGINX and everything else we want to have installed on the EC2 instance.

Let’s add code to ec2/userdata.tpl

So this file is very important. Here, we configure our EC2 instance. So what we do here is create a Key Pair, which we also download into our root directory. We need that Key Pair to connect to our EC2 instance later. Also, we set up the EC2 instance and associate an Elastic IP to the server.

Let’s add code to ec2/main.tf

And again, we have some outputs we want to return.

Let’s add code to ec2/outputs.tf

Add EC2 as Module

Now, we need to add the EC2 configuration as a module. As I said, we going to add some variables since it requires some variables.

Let’s change the file main.tf inside our root directory from

General Outputs

Remember, we defined some outputs on the EC2 module, we want these outputs to be shown in our terminal after we committed and applied our changes to AWS. So we find easily the IP of our EC2 instance instead of looking through the whole Terraform State file. That’s simplifying things heavily.

Good news! We are done coding.

Now, everything is ready to go. So there are several commands to use now. I highly recommend, as usual, reading the official documentation of each command to understand everything.

When do use each command?

After you have done the changes, run terraform init , terraform validate , terraform plan , and terraform apply to apply the changes you have done.

If you want to destroy your whole configuration, then you need to run terraform destory .

Execute the commands below in your terminal.

The init is used to initialize a working directory containing Terraform configuration files. Whenever you clone a Terraform repository or add a new module, just run init.

The validate command verifies and validates your configuration. Run this command before you apply your changes.

The plan command creates an execution plan, which lets you preview the changes that Terraform plans to make to your infrastructure. Watch out, the output will be very long. Run this command before you apply your changes.

The apply command executes the actions proposed in a Terraform plan. That means, we going to commit and apply our changes/updates to AWS, in other words, this command creates the VPC and EC2 instance.

The apply command executes the actions proposed in a Terraform plan. That means, we going to commit and apply our changes to AWS, in other words, this command creates the VPC and EC2 instance. This command takes a while to execute.

Destroy (Don’t run it now!)

The destroy command destroys our whole configuration. Don’t run it now.

So again, run terraform init , terraform validate , terraform plan , and if everything is good, then run terraform apply .

Skip terraform destroy for now!

Great! Your EC2 instance is running. At the bottom of this screenshot, you can see the output we’ve just defined. Give it 1–2 minutes to give the server time to start up completely, it also takes a few seconds to install NGINX. Then we can visit the EC2 Public IP we output.

In my case, I can visit http://52.59.1.145 in my web browser. This link won’t work for you, replace it with your IP which you get from your Terminal.

Here is what I get back:

Our NGINX is working. Additionally, let’s connect to our server by SSH. There are only 2 further steps.

Remember, Terraform creates a Key Pair which we also download into our project root directory, but first we need to make it readable.

Important: After changing the permissions with the chmod command, Terraform could have trouble overwriting this file in case you destroy and reapply your configuration on Terraform. So, to prevent this, delete, move or rename this file manually, if you run terraform destory !

And now let’s connect to the EC2 instance, just replace YOUR_SERVER_IP with the IP from your output inside your terminal.

Congratulations! Everything works as expected. Thanks for reading my article about how to create an EC2 Instance with Terraform. I hope, you could learn something new. Terraform is a great tool in DevOps, and there is way more possible than you just see.

I hope you enjoyed reading this. If you’d like to support me as a writer, consider signing up to become a Medium member . It’s just $5 a month and you get unlimited access to Medium.

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Charles Uneze

Posted on Mar 6, 2023 • Updated on Mar 8, 2023

Create an Instance with an Elastic IP Attached using Terraform

On my journey to explore the Kubernetes networking ecosystem, I decided to take my first step by completing the AWS Networking course outline using Terraform. I am attempting to gain an understanding of how things work at this layer.

Image description

Laying the Ground Work for My Code

The first thing I did was to install Terraform using this tutorial .

Defining the Backend for Storing Infrastructure Information

The next thing I did was to create a "Terraform.tf" file so I can set up the backend where all the information about this infrastructure will be stored. The information is mapped to the real infrastructure on AWS. I use a local backend, meaning the information is stored on my computer. This information is in JSON format.

The above code in this file specifies that I am using a local backend, and also that I am using an “AWS provider.” The provider is a plugin for interacting with the AWS APIs so the infrastructure can be built.

Specifying the Cloud Provider

Next I created a "main.tf" file where I will specify the cloud provider and also the architecture as code.

Algorithm of the Architecture

Create a vpc, specify the default nacl, specify the default security group, create an internet gateway.

  • Specify the default route table, and add a new route to the Internet Gateway.

Create a subnet

  • Create an instance

Create an elastic IP address

VPC = 10.0.0.0/16

When a VPC is created, AWS uses an overlay network to offer multi-tenancy for implementation. I wrote some words about this on my substack .

Specify the default route table, and add a new route to the Internet Gateway

Create an instance.

After applying the configuration, check for the public IP address of the script via the command below terraform state show aws_eip.VPC_A_EIP Then do a ping to the public IP address, make sure it is successful.

Do make a comment if you experience any issue in the code or article.

Follow my AWS Advanced Networking Journey on Github

AWS Advanced Networking https://github.com/Its-All-About-the-Journey/AWS-Advanced-Networking

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[aws] enable auto-assign public IP within subnets #263

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Assign Public IP (not Elastic IP) after instance launched

When I launch instance in AWS console I can set "Auto-assign Public IP" to true and newly created instance will be assigned with public IP address from pool.

Now assume I have launched instance with this setting set to false and want to assign public IP to this instance. The same public IP as in first case, not Elastic IP.

PS I know I can launch new instance and shut down old one. I'm particularly interested in assigning to one already running.

Yaroslav Admin's user avatar

6 Answers 6

The instance that you launched without a public IP will stay without one as it is only assignable when you launch the instance. Even having a subnet with auto assign public IP switched on will not assign a public IP to your instance if, when you launched the instance you chose not to have a public IP.

The only way I know is to select assign a public IP before launching the instance or having the subnet set up to auto assign public IPs which will do that only when you launch a new instance.

So to summarize: It is not possible to assign a public IP after launching that instance unless you use EIPs.

womble's user avatar

  • 39 Sorry for being emotional, Amazon sucks indeed with all these things you can't change afterwards. It's plain everywhere -- can't rename, can't remove, can't assign. Do they use their own system, anyway? :) –  Alex Fortuna May 18, 2016 at 18:53
  • 2 Now it is possible with AWS new dashboard. Nischal S answer works for me –  Maduka Jayalath Dec 18, 2019 at 19:01

To correct it afterwards, spin down your original server, spin up a new with auto assign public IP enabled and the existing volumes attached.

You can then discard the original instance.

David Doleman's user avatar

  • 8 "Launch more like this" eases duplication. –  xddsg Dec 6, 2016 at 11:07
  • 1 Thanks for the "launch more like this tip"! Note that it doesn't retain root volume sizes, though, so you'll have to set those again. –  Brandon Dec 21, 2018 at 1:07
  • detach the original volume from the original instance and attach it to the newly-provisioned instance (detaching and deleting the volume you provisioned with it, I'd recommend the low default 8GB gp2 drive they suggest at the time of this writing). –  danno Apr 5, 2023 at 19:55

If you are using ELB and Autoscaling, creating instance on fly and to stress test the instance is difficult. One solution during this scenario:

Select EC2 instance> Actions>Networking> Manage Ip Addresses. Then use option "To add or edit an IPv4 public IP Allocate an Elastic IP to this instance or network interface".

  • Create an elastic IP
  • Navigate to Elastic IP address link> click Associate IP
  • Select the instance to associate IP and save.

Now you will have EC2 instance with public IP without restarting/deleting EC2 instance.

Andrew Schulman's user avatar

  • 2 This works as long as you have available elastic IPs for the region (only 5 are typically available). –  kashiraja Jan 9, 2020 at 3:20
  • This is a soft limitation so it is possible to request additional elastic IPs for your account –  Eralper Jan 12, 2021 at 6:14
  • 2 EIPs are only free while your instance is running. If your instance is in the stopped state, they cost about the same hourly as running a tiny instance. –  colllin Feb 10, 2021 at 18:40

Assuming your instance is running in a VPC you can create an Elastic Network Interfaces (ENI) that has a public IP assigned to it then associate that ENI with your instance without needs to create a new one.

JaredHatfield's user avatar

  • 1 But not as the primary interface. –  Michael - sqlbot Jul 18, 2015 at 2:12
  • Just tried your suggestion with no luck. When I create new ENI in the web console it doesn't have an option to enable "Public IP". The defaults from the VPC subnet are ignored as well. Any ideas? –  Yaroslav Admin Jul 18, 2015 at 8:01
  • If all you want to do is assign an public IP to the server you could use an EIP. Create one through the GUI and then assign it to the server. I may have misunderstood the original requirements with my original response. –  JaredHatfield Jul 19, 2015 at 0:47
  • Yes, I know that I can use EIP. But as I stated in question, I'm particularly interested in possibility to assign dynamic public IP. The same as I get, when check Auto-assign Public IP when launch new instance. –  Yaroslav Admin Jul 20, 2015 at 9:36

This was not possible back in 2016 but now of course AWS allows it:

enter image description here

  • 1 the title: Assign Public IP (not Elastic IP) –  manix Mar 16, 2022 at 2:54

To assign a public IP to instance at run time:

  • Click on instance and select Networking-->Manage IP Addresses from action dropdown
  • Select Allocate elastic from "To add or edit an IPv4 public IP Allocate an Elastic IP to this instance or network interface." line then it will create a public IP for you
  • A window will appear asking to assign IP created in step 3 to instance and to private IP. Provide the required value.
  • Now try to ssh via putty. It worked for me. Hope it will help. Best of luck.

kubanczyk's user avatar

  • This doesn't answer the question, the OP specifically asked about assigning a NON-elastic public IP. –  shonky linux user Jan 7, 2019 at 23:17
  • I know this is not the answer to the question, but it helps others "like me" to search for a solution on google. Thanks –  Andres Felipe Mar 18, 2020 at 0:00
  • @AndresFelipe I'm searching for a solution for the original question on google and your "not the answer" doesn't help me. –  homm May 31, 2023 at 10:53

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assign public ip to ec2 instance terraform

IMAGES

  1. How to Add Elastic IP to EC2 instance?

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  2. AWS

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  3. Terraform AWS Example

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  4. Terraform AWS EC2 Instance Example

    assign public ip to ec2 instance terraform

  5. Using Terraform to Create EC2 and RDS Instances Inside a Custom VPC on

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  6. Easy methods to Connect Elastic IP to EC2 Occasion utilizing Terraform

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  2. Terraform to create AWS VPC peering cross regions

  3. 🔴 How to create AWS EC2 Windows Server 2019 with Terraform

  4. Deploy AWS Cloud Infrastructure With Terraform

  5. AWS VPC PEERING| TERRAFORM| PART 10

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COMMENTS

  1. aws_instance

    aws documentation. aws provider. Guides. ACM (Certificate Manager) ACM PCA (Certificate Manager Private Certificate Authority) AMP (Managed Prometheus) API Gateway. API Gateway V2. Account Management.

  2. Ec2 instance creation using terraform assigns public IP

    1 Answer Sorted by: 9 There is an Boolean option to disable to assign public ip address with an instance. https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/aws/r/instance.html#associate_public_ip_address associate_public_ip_address - (Optional) Associate a public ip address with an instance in a VPC. Boolean value. So your code can be updated to

  3. Terraform Registry

    <div class="navbar header-navbar"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-brand"> <a href="/" id="ember34" class="navbar-brand-link active ember-view"> <span id ...

  4. Want to launch ec2 instance with static public ip using terraform script

    1 Answer Sorted by: 3 The eip_association module can be utilized for that. Use it like this: resource "aws_eip_association" "eip_assoc" { instance_id = "$ {aws_instance.web.id}" allocation_id = "EIP ID" } resource "aws_instance" "web" { ami = "ami-21f78e11" availability_zone = "us-west-2a" instance_type = "t1.micro" }

  5. Create Amazon EC2 using Terraform

    1. An Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). 2. A subnet in the VPC. 3. A route table in the VPC associated with the subnet. 4. An internet gateway in the VPC. 5. A route in the route table to allow network traffic from the Amazon EC2 instance to the internet. 6. A security group.

  6. Amazon EC2 instance IP addressing

    Contents Private IPv4 addresses Public IPv4 addresses Elastic IP addresses (IPv4) IPv6 addresses Work with the IPv4 addresses for your instances Work with the IPv6 addresses for your instances Multiple IP addresses EC2 instance hostnames Link-local addresses Private IPv4 addresses

  7. How to Create AWS EC2 Instance Using Terraform

    SSH key pair: To access a Linux-based EC2 instance via SSH, you'll need an SSH key pair. Run the following command to generate a new SSH key pair: ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096. This will create a new RSA key pair with a length of 4096 bits. You will be prompted to enter a file name to save the key pair.

  8. How to Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance using Terraform

    AWS CLI Basic knowledge of Terraform Overview of Elastic IP with respect to EC2 As you might already know, if you launch an EC2 instanc e in your default VPC, a public IP gets automatically assigned to your instance.

  9. Deploying EC2 with Private and Public Subnet Using Terraform in AWS

    2 subnet being deployed, 1 is public subnet and 1 is private subnet. For the public subnet I set the map_public_ip_on_launch = "true" which mean every EC2 launch in this subnet will be auto assign the public IP. Both of the subnet will only be create after the VPC is completely created using the syntax of depends_on= [aws_vpc.demovpc].

  10. Associate a static public IP address with your EC2 instance

    To allocate and associate an Elastic IP address with your EC2 Windows or Linux instance or network interface, follow these steps: Allocate an Elastic IP address from either Amazon's pool of public IPv4 addresses or bring your own IP addresses (BYOIP) to your AWS account. Associate the Elastic IP address with an instance or network interface.

  11. Create An EC2 Instance With Terraform (2022)

    access_ip will specify later from which IP we can connect/visit our server from the web (HTTP/SSH)..../ means, that everybody can connect and visit our server.. Variables. So as I just said, Environment Variables will be handled as variables, so we have to declare them once more but keep in my, we have defined the most sensitive ones already in the terraform.tfvars file already.

  12. Terraform AWS Example

    Create EC2 instance with Terraform - Terraform EC2. Step1: Creating a Configuration file for Terraform AWS. The Terraform AWS Example configuration file. Step2: Initialize Terraform. Step3: Pre-Validate the change - A pilot run. Step4: Go ahead and Apply it with Terraform apply. How to Create EC2 instance with user_data - Custom Startup Script.

  13. Using Terraform to Create AWS VPC, EC2, and RDS Instances

    Tip: Use Elastic IP on EC2 instances where you need to have a static public IP address Creating the Key Pair. ... ssh -i "tutorial_kp.pem" ubuntu@$(terraform output -raw web_public_dns)

  14. Create an Instance with an Elastic IP Attached using Terraform

    Create an Instance with an Elastic IP Attached using Terraform - DEV Community Charles Uneze Posted on Mar 6, 2023 • Updated on Mar 8, 2023 Create an Instance with an Elastic IP Attached using Terraform # cloud # terraform # aws # networkengineer

  15. [aws] enable auto-assign public IP within subnets #263

    This option is visible in the subnet status, but only modifiable from another API call. Should we make it an attribute or another resource? resource "aws_subnet" "main" { vpc_id = "$ {aws_vpc.main.id}" cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24" map_publi...

  16. Assign Public IP (not Elastic IP) after instance launched

    Select EC2 instance> Actions>Networking> Manage Ip Addresses. Then use option "To add or edit an IPv4 public IP Allocate an Elastic IP to this instance or network interface". Create an elastic IP. Navigate to Elastic IP address link> click Associate IP. Select the instance to associate IP and save. Now you will have EC2 instance with public IP ...

  17. Terraform Registry

    EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) EC2 Image Builder. ECR (Elastic Container Registry) ECR Public. ECS (Elastic Container) EFS (Elastic File System) EKS (Elastic Kubernetes) ELB (Elastic Load Balancing) ELB Classic.

  18. Deploying Jenkins using Terraform

    Bootstrap the EC2 instance with a script that will install and start Jenkins. Create and assign a Security Group to the Jenkins Security Group that allows traffic on port 22 from your IP and allows traffic from port 8080. Create a S3 bucket for the Jenkins Artifacts that is not open to the public.

  19. Assign fixed private IP for ec2 instance in terraform

    1 What's wrong with the current code? - Marcin Nov 14, 2022 at 5:00 1 Did you try it with an IP address ( 10.0.4.1) instead of a CIDR range ( 10.0.4.1/32 )? The documentation shows it as: private_ips = ["172.16.10.100"] - John Rotenstein Nov 14, 2022 at 5:24

  20. terraform

    I would like to create multiple EC2 instances using Terraform and write the private IP addresses of the instances to /etc/hosts on every instance. Currently I am trying the following code but it's not working: