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Models for Efficient Utilization of Resources for Upgrading Android Mobile Technology

The need of the customers to be connected to the network at all times has led to the evolution of mobile technology. Operating systems play a vitol role when we talk of technology. Nowadays, Android is one of the popularly used operating system in mobile phones. Authors have analysed three stable versions of Android, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. Incorporating a change in the version after it is released requires a lot of rework and thus huge amount of costs are incurred. In this paper, the aim is to reduce this rework by identifying certain parts of a version during early phase of development which need careful attention. Machine learning prediction models are developed to identify the parts which are more prone to changes. The accuracy of such models should be high as the developers heavily rely on them. The high dimensionality of the dataset may hamper the accuracy of the models. Thus, the authors explore four dimensionality reduction techniques, which are unexplored in the field of network and communication. The results concluded that the accuracy improves after reducing the features.

Integrated maintenance planning approach to optimize budget allocation for subway operating systems

Performance analysis of real-time and general-purpose operating systems for path planning of the multi-robot systems.

In general, modern operating systems can be divided into two essential parts, real-time operating systems (RTOS) and general-purpose operating systems (GPOS). The main difference between GPOS and RTOS is the system istime-critical or not. It means that; in GPOS, a high-priority thread cannot preempt a kernel call. But, in RTOS, a low-priority task is preempted by a high-priority task if necessary, even if it’s executing a kernel call. Most Linux distributions can be used as both GPOS and RTOS with kernel modifications. In this study, two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were analyzed and their performances were compared both as GPOS and RTOS for path planning of the multi-robot systems. Robot groups with different numbers of members were used to perform the path tracking tasks using both Ubuntu and Pardus as GPOS and RTOS. In this way, both the performance of two different Linux distributions in robotic applications were observed and compared in two forms, GPOS, and RTOS.

A Comparative Study on Webpage Browsing Performance between Proprietary and Open Source Operating Systems on Wireless Networks

This experimental research study determined and compared the webpage browsing performance of proprietary and open source operating systems on wireless networks. It was intended to reveal the significant differences in the webpage browsing performance between proprietary and open source operating systems on wireless networks when classified as to hardware specifications and type’s web content. The researchers used the JavaScript Console of the Google Chrome web browser application to determine the time of the webpage to fully load. Operating system was the independent variable. Hardware specifications which were classified as old system and new system and types of web content which was also classified as static and dynamic webpages were the intervening variables. Webpages browsing performance was the dependent variable. The statistical tools used were arithmetic mean, and t-test. It also revealed that there were significant differences in the webpage browsing performance between proprietary and open source operating system on wireless networks when classified as to hardware specification and web content. The proprietary and open source operating systems were statistically different when classified as to hardware specifications and type of web content.

Understanding Users’ Behavior towards Applications Privacy Policies

Recently, smartphone usage has increased tremendously, and smartphones are being used as a requirement of daily life, equally by all age groups. Smartphone operating systems such as Android and iOS have made it possible for anyone with development skills to create apps for smartphones. This has enabled smartphone users to download and install applications from stores such as Google Play, App Store, and several other third-party sites. During installation, these applications request resource access permissions from users. The resources include hardware and software like contact, memory, location, managing phone calls, device state, messages, camera, etc. As per Google’s permission policy, it is the responsibility of the user to allow or deny any permissions requested by an app. This leads to serious privacy violation issues when an app gets illegal permission granted by a user (e.g., an app might request for granted map permission and there is no need for map permission in the app, and someone can thereby access your location by this app). This study investigates the behavior of the user when it comes to safeguarding their privacy while installing apps from Google Play. In this research, first, seven different applications with irrelevant permission requests were developed and uploaded to two different Play Store accounts. The apps were live for more than 12 months and data were collected through Play Store analytics as well as the apps’ policy page. The preliminary data analysis shows that only 20% of users showed concern regarding their privacy and security either through interaction with the development team through email exchange or through commenting on the platform and other means accordingly.

INFLUENCE OF LOG LENGTH ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WOOD HARVESTING AND TRANSPORTATION

The selection of machines and the development of operating systems are the major challenge for reducing costs in harvesting and forest transportation. This work aimed to carry out a technical analysis of harvesting and forest transport activities in two different log lengths (6 and 7m). The operational cycles of the Harvester, Forwarder and combined road train vehicle in mechanized harvest areas were evaluated. The technical analysis was performed through studies of times and movements, determining the operational efficiency and productivity of the machines. According to the results, processing consumed most of the harvester's operational cycle, while in the forwarder, the most time was consumed  35,2 and 45,2 m³·he-1 and 42,84 and 75,42 m³.he-¹. The larger log size led to an increase in the productivity of the harvester by 28% and the forwarder by 48%. Among the studied models of road train vehicles, the one that showed the best results both in the analysis made with a length of 6 m and 7 m, was the dimensions with 2.35 m in width and 2.85 in height. These vehicles had a total gross weight of 63.52 tonnes for logs with a length of 6m and 69.17 tons for logs of 7m, with an 8.17% higher performance compared to 6m logs. With the obtained results it can be concluded that the increase in the length of the logs increased the productivity and the performance of the harvest and the forest transport.

Benchmarking of mobile apps on heart failure

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the mobile apps on heart failure available in the main operating systems and their usability. Methods: benchmarking of mobile applications, systematic research, comprising 38 mobile applications for analysis of general information, functionalities and usability. Usability was assessed using System Usability Scale and Smartphone Usability Questionnaire, followed by the calculation of the agreement index and the exact binomial distribution test, with a significance level of p> 0.05 and a proportion of 0.90. Results: mobile applications had English as the predominant language (73.7%), were directed to patients (71.1%) and the predominant theme was disease knowledge (34.2%). Functionalities ranged from general features to the need for an internet connection. In assessing usability, heart failure was shown to be 92.1% -94.7% and p <0.05. Final considerations: the mobile apps on heart failure have varied content and adequate usability. However, there is a need to develop more comprehensive mobile applications.

The Influence of Pop Up Notification on Visual Attention and Learning

The tutorial videos contain an explanation of a learning material taught to students. The use of tutorial videos is common during the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation makes the teachers change the learning model into a video conferences or tutorial videos. However, the use of tutorial videos is often accompanied by opening other applications in parallel causing pop-up notifications to appear. The pop-up notification makes students not focus on the material explained in the tutorial videos. This raises the question of whether it will affect the learning process in understanding the learning material. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the influence of pop-up notifications on tutorial videos. Eye movements of all participants (N = 50) were recorded when viewing tutorial videos on various operating systems with or without the pop-up notification. Based on the results, after being shown a tutorial videos with a pop-up notification, participants paid attention to the pop-up notification. However, there were no significant differences in learning outcomes of students after viewing tutorial videos with or without pop-up notification.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS IN LOW AND MEDIUM POWER BOILERS. PART 2. ALGORITHMIC SOFTWARE

The efficiency of the functioning of boiler units depends on the availability of reliable information on the progress of technological processes. The lack of control and measuring systems for the composition of the exhaust gases leads to low efficiency of the boiler unit, in particular, due to poor-quality fuel combustion. Therefore, in modern operating conditions of boiler units, it is relevant to develop technological solutions focused on finding and minimizing the causes and mechanisms of the formation of harmful substances in exhaust gases. Due to the fact that replacement of outdated boiler units with new ones requires significant capital investments, a promising direction is the modernization of existing boiler units. It is a low-cost and efficient way of rational use of fuel while simultaneously reducing the level of harmful substances in exhaust gases. It remains relevant to ensure the functioning of the control systems for the composition of the air-fuel mixture (AFM) with a given speed and high reliability of maintaining the excess air ratio (EAR) at the stoichiometric level. In the article the high-quality algorithm is proposed for the operation of an automatic control system for the combustion of fuel in boilers of medium and low power by regulating the ratio of the components of the AFM for the burner with feedback according to the signals of the oxygen sensor. The algorithms for the operation of the frequency regulator of the ratio of the components of the AFM in various operating modes are considered. The developed algorithms allowed maintaining the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in the boiler furnace, reducing the level of toxic emissions into the atmosphere and increasing the boiler efficiency by optimizing the fuel combustion process. The AFM ratio programmer is made in the LM Programmer technical programming environment and works with Windows operating systems (XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10) and oxygen sensors manufactured by Bosch. The visualization of the control process of the fuel combustion process is made in the technical programming environment LogWorks 3 and operates in the environment of Windows operating systems.

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Musings on Operating Systems Research

Rather than burying the lineup after a heap of verbiage, I thought it made more sense to put the lineup right up front. Then I will get busy with musing about research as well as learning about operating systems.

  • Cory Lueninghoener, working with a vast cast of past LISA chairs, steering committee members, and USENIX staff, put together a history of the LISA conference. With pictures!
  • Laura Nolan reviews Marianne Bellotti's recently published book Kill It With Fire, that addresses modernizing legacy systems with an unusual twist.
  • Jacob Scott discusses some of the 'failure modes' that can happen when Service Level Objectives (SLOs) are imposed in a top-down fashion, in response to an earlier article by Laura Nolan.
  • Thomas Depierre, also responding to Laura Nolan's article about SLOs, argues that SRE can bridge the gap between high-level metrics that management requires and the contextual service-specific knowledge that engineering teams have.
  • Rik Farrow interviews Vasily Tarasov, who explains his journey from Russia and Linux kernel work, to Stony Brook where he changed his focus to file systems and storage, and to working for IBM.
  • Hugo Lefeuvre, Gaulthier Gain, Daniel Dinca, Alexander Jung, Simon Kuenzer, Vlad Bădoiu, Răzvan Deaconescu , Laurent Mathy, Costin Raiciu, Pierre Olivier, Felipe Huici write about the Unikraft project. Sponsered by the Linux Foundation, Unikraft is toolset for building mostly-Linux API compatible unikernels, suitable for running as virtual machines and featuring faster startup and performance and stronger security.
  • Rik Farrow reviews Gabriel Gambetta's Computer Graphics from Scratch, a book that really explain how modern graphics programming works starting with the simplest possible function that writes one pixel in color.
  • Ghada Almashaqbeh revisits old ideas about peer-assisted models for resource trading, the author investigates the use of cryptocurrencies for building decentralized services.

The Trouble with Operating Systems Research

That brings us to the next point, that Linux has taken over OS research. Roscoe points out that it is very difficult to get OS research published, and if you want to get a research paper past program committee members you better build on Linux. He then provides examples, using all three OS papers at two years of Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). That's right, three papers on OS design, all based on improvements to Linux. In OSDI'21, a quarter of the conference was devoted to machine learning and only six percent (two papers) to OS design.

ETH Zurich uses an NXP system-on-chip (SoC) for their operating system class, one with a plethora of different processors on board. Just looking at the chip layout, I found it hard to imagine where to even start writing an OS. But the server world provides a clue: the board management controller (BMC) handles testing, booting, and maintenance tasks on server board, and BMCs currently run Linux. Not that you usually had any access to this core running Linux as a Linux system, but it is key to booting your servers.

Roscoe does a much better job than I am at calling for OS research and providing reasons for doing so than I can. I'm happy he stuck his neck out to make these points, and I wanted to both thank him as well as draw attention to what he has done. But I also wanted to throw my own thoughts into the ring.

Linux, like Windows, is a one-size-fits-all operating system, something that runs on Rasberry Pi's and supercomputers (noting that Windows doesn't have the same span, but the same OS kernel runs on laptops and servers). Running a complex OS on an IoT device makes no sense at all, but it is often the easiest thing to do when one is familiar with that OS. Sort of like using a jackhammer for tacking up a photograph, because you are unfamiliar with the use of a tack hammer. Linux or Windows do provide the programmer with familiar APIs, and that's the reason they get used: not because they are the best fit, but because they are familiar.

Perhaps what we need instead of today's monolithic, monstrous, operating systems is some basic scaffolding, something that students, researchers, and programmers can use to actually build a better fitting operating system upon. I've often written about microkernels as one design space, and Roscoe even mentions using seL4 to replace Linux in the BMC. That's a great idea, but I think it's just a start.

After all, we do need some place to start from. Right now, supercomputers work like this, with each processing unit having simple network communication, some memory to work in, and an 'OS' that consists of a program that receives the instructions to execute, data to work on, starts the instructions, then sends back the results. No 350 system call API and device drivers for just about any IO device ever made — just the basics.

As a post-graduate, I took an operating systems class. The lab used PDP 11/45s, with a system architecture that did look a lot like the PDP 6. I thought I was supposed to write an operating system that semester, and was flumoxxed to see other students in the lab with two boxes of punchcards (yes punchcards!) indicating that they already had close to 4000 lines of working code. I didn't know that they had been working on the immense project of creating a very simple OS, something akin to CP/M, over multiple semesters. For comparison, the first release of Linux was a little over 10K lines of code, but is over 25.5 million lines of code today.

Today, I find it hard to imagine even learning how Linux works in a single semester, or writing an operating system that does as much as we were asked to do on the PDP 11/45: write device drivers for the terminal and disk controller, write a file system, and execute code loaded from that file system. The PDP 11/45, as I remember it, was a model of simplicity. For example, the disk controller included DMA support and all the programmer needed to do is to provide a memory address, a physical disk address (cylinder, sector, head triplet), and a command. The terminal interface was an interrupt handler, just a few lines of code. Still, for someone whose interface to a computer had been handing a card deck to an operator, this was still immensely confusing. I wonder how well the ETH OS students do with the NXP SoC? I think a version of my lab today would mean using a network interface instead of a disk device, and the NXP SoC does provide a network interface.

operating system research papers

Rik Farrow has been a consultant for 40 years. He has written two books, as well as worked as the technical editor for two editions of a popular operating system book. He also taught UNIX system administration and Internet security during the 90s, and worked as a volunteer for USENIX program and steering committees. Rik has been the editor of ;login: since 2005.

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While the plan was that the, nitpick: pdp-7, not pdp-6., norm is right: it was a pdp-7, s/i can imaging/i can image/, thanks. i fixed the typo,.

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CS 161: Operating Systems (2021)

This is an in-depth course in operating systems design and implementation, focusing on multicore operating systems kernels. Operating systems are some of the most complex software artifacts that exist. Kernels abstract the features provided by computer hardware, making those features safer and more convenient to use. This means that OS designers have to understand how hardware works (at least at the level of specifications) and how software works. OS programmers also must become comfortable with navigating in, and contributing to, code bases too large to wholly understand. Most of us can pick up this important skill.

The course uses Chickadee , an operating system based on CS 61 WeensyOS . Chickadee takes advantage of newer hardware, language, and OS design features than many teaching operating systems.

Lecture: Monday/Wednesday, 1:30–2:45pm; see the Canvas site for the lecture Zoom links. Section: Biweekly mandatory sections ( see schedule ).

Class participation is mandatory.

Problem sets . There will be five; the links below will become active as each pset is released.

  • Warmup and virtual memory.
  • More memory and scheduling.
  • VFS and pipes.
  • File systems.
  • Threads and a final project.

These labs will use the Chickadee framework. For some labs, you will also need to engage with (meaning, read code from) other operating systems, such as Linux. Each student has a total of 4 late days, with a maximum of 2 late days being applicable to any single assignment.

Students may partner up. However, each student will turn in individual labs . Don’t stress out; see “Policies.”

Papers . In some sections we will discuss OS research papers. You’ll need to read the papers before class and engage in paper discussion on Ed.

Exams . There will be an in-class midterm and an in-class final.

Grading schema . A student’s final numerical grade will be calculated using this formula:

Problem set 1 : 8%

Problem set 2 : 15%

Problem set 3 : 15%

Problem set 4 : 15%

Problem set 5 : 22%

Midterm 1 : 8%

Midterm 2 : 12%

Participation : 5%

Final letter grades will be assigned using numerical grade bands that span at least 10 points. For example, if your final numerical grade is between 100 and 90, you are guaranteed to get an A or an A-; if your final numerical grade is between 89.9999 and 80, then you are guaranteed to get some kind of B. Grading bands may be more lenient than 10 points, depending on the overall performance of all students. For example, depending on the overall performance of all students, the grades of A and A- might be mapped to the range [100, 87).

CS 161 labs may be completed in groups, but we expect every student to turn in a separate code repository—even if partners’ code is very similar. Here’s what that means and why we’re doing it.

Partner/group work is an important part of CS 161. Students benefit from talking through their code with partners. There’s less stress and loneliness and easier debugging.

But partner dynamics can hurt too. We want every student to understand the work of every problem set. In partner classes, though, sometimes students shirk work, or trade off (“you do pset 4 and I’ll do pset 5”), which isn’t fair to others and reliably causes problems later. CS 161 has even broken up some relationships! And partner issues force us to put more grading weight on exams.

We seek a happy medium. We want to allow partners but avoid the pathologies of group turnin. So, we ask every student to turn in separate code for each lab. Partners may create this code together, but the code partners turn in must not be wholly identical . A good way to ensure this would be for partners to discuss ideas and code and help each other debug, but type their code individually.

All coursework other than labs must be completed individually.

Collaboration is encouraged on all aspects of the course except exams. You are welcome to communicate with your classmates about strategies for solutions and about specific bugs, and you are welcome to use Internet resources for general information. However:

  • You must not ask questions on Stack Overflow, paper.camp, or any similar site. (Of course, if you search for some C++ problem, Stack Overflow answers may come up—just don’t ask questions yourself.)
  • You must not use solutions from past (or future) years.
  • Cite help. If a classmate, other collaborator, or online resource helps you, acknowledge it in your assignment. (You do not need to cite help from course staff or resources directly linked from this site.)

Do not post your solutions in a public place.

Textbooks and resources

The class will use Ed, not Piazza, to host the discussion board. Go the Canvas page for CS 161 to find the sign-up link for the Ed board!

There are no mandatory texts for CS 161, but we can recommend some helpful texts if you like that sort of thing. They can be rented for Kindle.

  • Operating Systems In Depth: Design and Programming , by Thomas W. Doeppner. This was a required text in prior years.
  • Understanding the Linux Kernel , by Daniel P. Bovet. Though this describes a somewhat-old version of Linux, it’s well written and clear.

There are also extensive online resources on kernel design, architecture, and operating systems development.

  • Linux kernel documentation

And also many online resources (of varying quality and age) on C++. Here are some good ones.

  • C++ Super-FAQ
  • cppreference.com

Course staff

Lecturer: James Mickens : [email protected] Office hours: Monday/Wednesday 2:45pm–3:15pm; Thursday noon–1pm TFs: Eric Zhang: [email protected] Office hours: Wednesday 7pm–9pm Milan Bhandari: [email protected] Office hours: Sunday 11am–noon; Friday 3pm–5pm Justin Zhu: [email protected] Office hours: Sunday noon–2pm James Conant: [email protected] Office hours: Monday 7pm–8 pm; Friday 3pm–5pm Hong-Long (Kit) Nguyen: [email protected] Office hours: Tuesday 3:30–5:30pm

Advanced Operating Systems

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