How to declare global variables in PHP

by Nathan Sebhastian

Posted on Aug 11, 2022

Reading time: 3 minutes

php assign global variable in function

PHP global variables refer to any variables you declared outside of a function.

Here’s an example of declaring a global variable in PHP:

PHP global variables are directly accessible from any part of the PHP script as long as it’s outside of a function .

For example, suppose you split the code above into two PHP files related using the include keyword:

The b.php script can still access the $first_name and $last_name variables as long as you include or require the script as shown above.

Access PHP global variables from a function

Global variables are not directly available inside a PHP function.

When you access a global variable from a function, the undefined variable warning will appear:

There are two ways you can access PHP global variables from a function:

  • Declare the variables using the global keyword
  • Access the $GLOBALS array

Let’s learn about these methods next.

Access PHP global variables using the global keyword

The global keyword is used to reference variables from the global scope inside PHP functions.

Here’s an example of using the global keyword:

In the code above, the $name is declared global inside the function, so the $name from outside of the function is imported into the function.

The global keyword points to the global variable without copying the value.

When you change the $name value inside the function, the actual $name value will change as well:

Keep this in mind when you’re accessing the variable from many functions, as the variable may have been changed when you access it.

To access global variables from many functions, you can use the global keyword in each function as follows:

But as you can see, the code becomes quite repetitive.

To avoid having to declare global in each function, you can use the $GLOBALS variable instead.

Access PHP global variables using the $GLOBALS array

The $GLOBALS is an associative array containing references to all global variables available in your PHP script.

You can access the global variables by passing the variable name as the array key like this:

Using the $GLOBALS array is more convenient when you need to access the global variable from many functions.

You don’t need to refer to the variable using the import keyword in each function:

When you modify the $GLOBALS element, the actual variable value will be changed as well:

And that’s how you access the global variables using the $GLOBALS array.

Should you use global variables in PHP?

Global variables can reduce the amount of code you need to write, but it’s also considered bad practice because it’s harder to debug your code when something goes wrong.

When you’re accessing a variable local to the function, you can easily check the function to see if you did something wrong with it.

But if the variable is global, you need to check all the lines where you call that variable and see if the code goes wrong in one of the lines.

To conclude, you are free to use global variables in PHP when it helps. But you also need to consider the difficulty in maintaining and debugging global variables in a complex web application.

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How to declare a global variable in PHP?

  • Using global keyword
  • Using array GLOBALS[var_name]: It stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[var_name]. Var_name is the name of the variable. This array is also accessible from within functions and can be used to perform operations on global variables directly.

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  • How to declare a global variable in PHP

I n this tutorial, we are going to see how to declare a global variable in PHP. Global variables refer to any variable defined outside the function. Global variables are accessible from any part of the script, i.e. inside and outside the function.

There are two ways to access a global variable inside a function:

  • Using the global keyword
  • Using the array GLOBALS[var_name] : It stores all global variables in an array called GLOBALS[var_name]. var_name is the name of the variable. This array is also accessible from functions and can be used to perform operations on global variables directly.

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In PHP, you can declare a variable as global to make it accessible throughout your code, inside or outside functions. To declare a variable as global , you need to use the global keyword followed by the variable name. Here's an example:

By using the global keyword, the variable $globalVar is available within the myFunction() function. You can also modify the value of the global variable within the function, and the change will be reflected outside the function.

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What happens if you declare a variable as global in PHP but don't assign it a value?

If you declare a variable as global in PHP but don't assign it a value, the variable will be assigned a default value depending on its data type.

For example, if you declare a global variable without assigning a value, a default value of null will be assigned to it if it is of a scalar type (like int, float, string, etc.). If the variable is an array or an object, it will be assigned a default value of an empty array or an empty object, respectively.

Here's an example to illustrate this behavior:

In the above example, since $globalVar was declared as a global variable but not assigned any value, it has a default value of null .

Can global variables be accessed from within anonymous functions in PHP?

Yes, global variables can be accessed from within anonymous functions in PHP. However, in order to access a global variable within an anonymous function, the variable needs to be explicitly imported or passed into the function using the use keyword. Here's an example:

In the above example, the anonymous function imports the $globalVariable using the use keyword. This allows the function to access and use the value of the global variable inside the anonymous function.

How do you pass the value of a global variable to a function in PHP?

To pass the value of a global variable to a function in PHP, you can use one of the following methods:

  • Using the global keyword : Declare the global variable inside the function using the global keyword. This allows you to access the global variable directly inside the function.
  • Using the function parameter : Pass the value of the global variable as a parameter to the function.

Both methods achieve the same result, but using the global keyword allows you to directly access the variable inside the function without having to pass it explicitly. However, using function parameters can be more flexible when dealing with multiple variables.

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How do you declare a variable as global in PHP?

To declare a variable as global in PHP, you can use the global keyword followed by the variable name within a function or outside of any function:

In the above example, the global keyword is used inside the function myFunction() to access the $globalVar variable declared outside of the function.

You can also declare a global variable outside of any function so that it can be accessed globally:

In this case, the $globalVar variable can be accessed and modified within any function or section of the PHP code.

Can global variables be used across different sessions in PHP?

No, global variables in PHP cannot be used across different sessions. Each session in PHP is independent and has its own set of variables. Global variables are only accessible within the same session in which they were defined. If you want to share data across different sessions, you would need to use other methods such as storing the data in a database or using session variables.

What are the alternatives to using global variables in PHP?

There are several alternatives to using global variables in PHP, including:

  • Encapsulating code into classes and using class properties : By creating objects and encapsulating your code into classes, you can use class properties instead of global variables. This allows you to maintain data within the scope of the class only, reducing the chances of naming conflicts and improving code readability and reusability.
  • Using function parameters and return values : Instead of relying on global variables, you can pass variables as parameters to functions and retrieve results through return values. This encourages modular and reusable code, making it easier to track and manage data flow between functions.
  • Implementing dependency injection : Dependency injection involves passing an object or value from a higher level of the application to a lower level as a constructor parameter, method argument, or property. This approach can help avoid global variables and promote loose coupling between different parts of your codebase.
  • Utilizing constants : Constants are predefined values that cannot be changed during program execution. You can use constants to store configuration settings or any other values that you need to access globally without the risk of them being modified.
  • Using session variables or cookies : If you need to store and access variables across multiple requests or pages, you can utilize session variables or cookies. Session variables are stored on the server, while cookies are stored on the client's browser. These can be used as alternatives to global variables when you need to persist data between different parts of your application.

Remember that each alternative has its own benefits and trade-offs based on your specific use case. It is essential to choose the approach that best suits your needs and promotes clean and maintainable code.

Can you declare multiple variables as global in PHP with a single statement?

No, you cannot declare multiple variables as global in PHP with a single statement. Each variable must be declared as global individually using the global keyword. For example:

Each variable must be declared on a separate line.

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PHP - Global Variables

Scope can be defined as the range of availability a variable has to the program in which it is declared. PHP variables can be one of four scope types −

  • Local variables
  • Function parameters
  • Global variables
  • Static variables.

Global Variables

In contrast to local variables, a global variable can be accessed in any part of the program. However, in order to be modified, a global variable must be explicitly declared to be global in the function in which it is to be modified. This is accomplished, conveniently enough, by placing the keyword GLOBAL in front of the variable that should be recognized as global. Placing this keyword in front of an already existing variable tells PHP to use the variable having that name. Consider an example −

This will produce the following result −

IMAGES

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COMMENTS

  1. How to declare a global variable in php?

    10 Answers Sorted by: 296 The $GLOBALS array can be used instead: $GLOBALS ['a'] = 'localhost'; function body () { echo $GLOBALS ['a']; } From the Manual: An associative array containing references to all variables which are currently defined in the global scope of the script. The variable names are the keys of the array.

  2. Access a global variable in a PHP function

    Access a global variable in a PHP function Ask Question Asked 10 years, 10 months ago Modified 1 month ago Viewed 162k times Part of PHP Collective 106 According to the most programming languages scope rules, I can access variables that are defined outside of functions inside them, but why doesn't this code work?

  3. PHP: Variable scope

    In PHP global variables must be declared global inside a function if they are going to be used in that function. The global keyword ¶ First, an example use of global : Example #1 Using global <?php $a = 1; $b = 2; function Sum()

  4. PHP $GLOBALS

    To use a global variable inside a function you have to either define them as global with the global keyword, or refer to them by using the $GLOBALS syntax. Example Refer to the global variable $x inside a function: $x = 75; function myfunction () { echo $GLOBALS ['x']; } myfunction () Try it Yourself »

  5. scope

    By declaring the variable as 'global' within the function, you essentially inform PHP that you want to use the global instance of that variable within the function's scope. However, it's worth mentioning that relying heavily on global variables can make your code less manageable and harder to debug in the long run.

  6. Access a global variable in a PHP function

    In PHP, you can access a global variable within a function by using the global keyword. Books. Learn HTML Learn CSS Learn Git Learn Javascript Learn PHP Learn python Learn Java. Exercises. ... Access a global variable in a PHP function. In PHP, you can access a global variable within a function by using the global keyword. For example:

  7. How to declare global variables in PHP

    Access PHP global variables from a function. Global variables are not directly available inside a PHP function. When you access a global variable from a function, the undefined variable warning will appear:

  8. How to declare a global variable in PHP?

    Example 1: <?php $x = "Geeks"; $y = "for"; $z = "Geeks"; echo $x.$y.$z; ?> Output: GeeksforGeeks Accessing global variable inside function: The ways to access the global variable inside functions are: Using global keyword Using array GLOBALS [var_name]: It stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS [var_name].

  9. How to Declare Global Variable in PHP

    Use the define () Function to Define a Constant Global Variable in PHP We will introduce a method to declare a global variable in PHP using the global keyword. This method will set the global scope of the variable declared outside of a function to the local scope to use the variable inside the function.

  10. How to assign global variable value in a function in php?

    1 1 1 3 You could return a value from the function, pass by reference, or set the variable to global. - showdev Sep 9, 2016 at 20:23 What you're doing is, passing a copy of the variable to the function assignNewValue (). Instead, just do this: function assignNewValue () { global $var; $var = "New value"; } - Rajdeep Paul Sep 9, 2016 at 20:26

  11. PHP: $GLOBALS

    $GLOBALS (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8) $GLOBALS — References all variables available in global scope Description ¶ An associative array containing references to all variables which are currently defined in the global scope of the script. The variable names are the keys of the array. Examples ¶ Example #1 $GLOBALS example <?php function test() {

  12. How to declare a global variable in PHP

    How to declare a global variable in PHP <?php $a = 1; $b = 2; function fun() { global $a, $b; $b = $a + $b; } fun(); echo $b; ?> Output: 3 MCQ Practice competitive and technical Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs) with simple and logical explanations to prepare for tests and interviews. Read More

  13. PHP: Variable functions

    PHP supports the concept of variable functions. This means that if a variable name has parentheses appended to it, PHP will look for a function with the same name as whatever the variable evaluates to, and will attempt to execute it. Among other things, this can be used to implement callbacks, function tables, and so forth.

  14. Understanding PHP Global Variables: A Comprehensive Guide

    Understanding PHP global variables is essential for any PHP developer, as they play a crucial role in sharing data between different parts of a program. ... To modify the value of a global variable within a function, you can directly assign a new value to IT. Consider the following example: ... Can global variables be accessed outside of ...

  15. php

    5 Answers Sorted by: 77 A. Use the global keyword to import from the application scope. $var = "01-01-10"; function checkdate () { global $var; if ("Condition") { $var = "01-01-11"; } } checkdate (); B. Use the $GLOBALS array. $var = "01-01-10"; function checkdate () { if ("Condition") { $GLOBALS ['var'] = "01-01-11"; } } checkdate ();

  16. urls

    2 Answers Sorted by: 9 You can turn your snippet into a function that returns the post thumbnail URL of a post: function wpse81577_get_small_thumb_url ( $post_id ) { $thumbSmall = wp_get_attachment_image_src ( get_post_thumbnail_id ( $post_id ), 'small' ); return $thumbSmall ['0']; } Usage, supplying the ID of a post:

  17. How to Declare A Variable In PHP As Global in 2024?

    In PHP, you can declare a variable as global to make it accessible throughout your code, inside or outside functions. To declare a variable as global, you need to use the global keyword followed by the variable name. Here's an example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  18. PHP Variables Scope

    PHP Variables Scope. In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script. ... The global keyword is used to access a global variable from within a function. To do this, use the global keyword before the variables (inside the function): Example ... Create a variable named txt and assign the value "Hello". = "";

  19. PHP Global Variable: Use the Variables Without Considering Their Scope

    Using $GLOBALS: - Coding Example for PHP Declare Global Variable PHP Global Variable in Function: How To Use It - Coding Example for Using Global Variables in Functions Global Variable in PHP: Access Information PHP Global Variable: $_SERVER: PHP Create Global Variable: $_GET and $_POST - "$_GET": Global Variable in PHP:

  20. PHP

    Global Variables. In contrast to local variables, a global variable can be accessed in any part of the program. However, in order to be modified, a global variable must be explicitly declared to be global in the function in which it is to be modified. This is accomplished, conveniently enough, by placing the keyword GLOBAL in front of the ...

  21. How to assign value to global variable in PHP

    2 Answers Sorted by: 3 There is no combined "declare global and assign value" statement in php. You'd have to do that in two steps, e.g. <?php function foo ($str) { global $ {"check" . $str}; $ {"check" . $str} = "some value"; } foo ('bar'); echo $checkbar; ...but what you really should do is: avoid globals. Share Improve this answer Follow