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Pass arrays to a function in C

In C programming, you can pass an entire array to functions. Before we learn that, let's see how you can pass individual elements of an array to functions.

Pass Individual Array Elements

Passing array elements to a function is similar to passing variables to a function .

Example 1: Pass Individual Array Elements

Here, we have passed array parameters to the display() function in the same way we pass variables to a function.

We can see this in the function definition, where the function parameters are individual variables:

Example 2: Pass Arrays to Functions

To pass an entire array to a function, only the name of the array is passed as an argument.

However, notice the use of [] in the function definition.

This informs the compiler that you are passing a one-dimensional array to the function.

Pass Multidimensional Arrays to a Function

To pass multidimensional arrays to a function, only the name of the array is passed to the function (similar to one-dimensional arrays).

Example 3: Pass two-dimensional arrays

Notice the parameter int num[2][2] in the function prototype and function definition:

This signifies that the function takes a two-dimensional array as an argument. We can also pass arrays with more than 2 dimensions as a function argument.

When passing two-dimensional arrays, it is not mandatory to specify the number of rows in the array. However, the number of columns should always be specified.

For example,

Recommended Reading: Call by Reference in C

Table of Contents

  • Passing array elements to a function
  • Passing one-dimensional arrays
  • Passing multidimensional arrays

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Arrays in C

In simple English, an array is a collection.

In C also, it is a collection of similar type of data which can be either of int, float, double, char (String), etc. All the data types must be same. For example, we can't have an array in which some of the data are integer and some are float.

array in c

Suppose we need to store marks of 50 students in a class and calculate the average marks. So, declaring 50 separate variables will do the job but no programmer would like to do so. And there comes array in action.

How to declare an array

datatype   array_name [ array_size ] ;

For example, take an array of integers 'n'.

n[ ] is used to denote an array 'n'. It means that 'n' is an array.

array of integers in C

We need to give the size of the array because the complier needs to allocate space in the memory which is not possible without knowing the size. Compiler determines the size required for an array with the help of the number of elements of an array and the size of the data type present in the array.

Here 'int n[6]' will allocate space to 6 integers.

We can also declare an array by another method.

int n[ ] = {2, 3, 15, 8, 48, 13};

In this case, we are declaring and assigning values to the array at the same time. Here, there is no need to specify the array size because compiler gets it from { 2,3,15,8,48,13 } .

Index of an Array

Every element of an array has its index. We access any element of an array using its index.

Pictorial view of the above mentioned array is:

0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are indices. It is like they are identity of 6 different elements of an array. Index always starts from 0. So, the first element of an array has a index of 0.

We access any element of an array using its index and the syntax to do so is:

array_name[index]

For example, if the name of an array is 'n', then to access the first element (which is at 0 index), we write n[0] .

Here, n[0] is 2 n[1] is 3 n[2] is 15 n[3] is 8 n[4] is 48 n[5] is 13

elements of array in C

n[0] , n[1] , etc. are like any other variables we were using till now i.e., we can set there value as n[0] = 5; like we do with any other variables ( x = 5; , y = 6; , etc.).

Assigning Values to Array

By writing int n[ ]={ 2,4,8 }; , we are declaring and assigning values to the array at the same time, thus initializing it.

But when we declare an array like int n[3]; , we need to assign values to it separately. Because 'int n[3];' will definitely allocate space of 3 integers in memory but there are no integers in that space.

To initialize it, assign a value to each of the elements of the array.

n[0] = 2; n[1] = 4; n[2] = 8;

It is just like we are declaring some variables and then assigning values to them.

int x,y,z; x=2; y=4; z=8;

Thus, the first way of assigning values to the elements of an array is by doing so at the time of its declaration.

int n[ ]={ 2,4,8 };

And the second method is declaring the array first and then assigning values to its elements.

int n[3]; n[0] = 2; n[1] = 4; n[2] = 8;

You can understand this by treating n[0] , n[1] and n[2] as similar to different variables you used before.

Just like variable, array can be of any other data type also.

float f[ ]= { 1.1, 1.4, 1.5};

Here, 'f' is an array of floats.

First, let's see the example to calculate the average of the marks of 3 students. Here, marks[0] represents the marks of the first student, marks[1] represents marks of the second and marks[2] represents marks of the third student.

Here you just saw a working example of array, we treated elements of the array in an exactly similar way as we had treated normal variables. &marks[0], &marks[1] and &marks[2] represent the addresses of marks[0], marks[1] and marks[2] respectively.

We can also use for loop as done in the next example.

The above code was just to make you familiar with using loops with an array because you will be doing this many times later.

The code is simple, 'i' and 'j' start from 0 because the index of an array starts from 0 and goes up to 9 (for 10 elements). So, 'i' and 'j' goes up to 9 and not 10 ( i<10 and j<10 ). So, in the code n[i] will be n[1], n[2], ...., n[9] and things will go accordingly.

Suppose we declare and initialize an array as

int n[5] = { 12, 13, 5 };

This means that n[0]=12, n[1]=13 and n[2]=5 and rest all elements are zero i.e. n[3]=0 and n[4]=0.

int n[5]; n[0] = 12; n[1] = 13; n[2] = 5;

In the above code, n[0], n[1] and n[2] are initialized to 12, 13 and 5 respectively. Therefore, n[4] and n[5] are both 0.

Pointer to Arrays

Till now, we have seen how to declare and initialize an array. Now, we will see how we can have pointers to arrays too. But before starting, we are assuming that you have gone through Pointers from the topic Point Me . If not, then first read the topic Pointers and practice some problems from the Practice section .

As we all know that pointer is a variable whose value is the address of some other variable i.e., if a variable 'y' points to another variable 'x', it means that the value of the variable 'y' is the address of 'x'.

Similarly, if we say that a variable 'y' points to an array 'n', it would mean that the value of 'y' is the address of the first element of the array i.e. n[0]. It means that the pointer of an array is the pointer of its first element.

If 'p' is a pointer to array 'age', means that p (or age) points to age[0].

int age[50]; int *p; p = age;

The above code assigns 'p' the address of the first element of the array 'age'.

address of an array in C

Now, since 'p' points to the first element of array 'age', '*p' is the value of the first element of the array.

So, *p is age[0], *(p+1) is age[1], *(p+2) is age[2].

Similarly, *age is age[0] (value at age), *(age+1) is age[1] (value at age+1), *(age+2) is age[2] (value at age+2) and so on.

That's all in pointer to arrays.

Now let's see some examples.

As 'p' is pointing to the first element of array, so, *p or *(p+0) represents the value at p[0] or the value at the first element of 'p'. Similarly, *(p+1) represents value at p[1]. And *(p+3) and *(p+4) represents p[3] and p[4] respectively. So accordingly, things were printed.

The above example sums up the above concepts. Now, let's print the address of the array and also individual elements of the array.

As you have noticed that the address of the first element of n and p are same and this means I was not lying! You can print other elements' addresses by using (p+1), (p+2) and (p+3) also.

Let's pass whole Array in Function

In C, we can pass an element of an array or the full array as an argument to a function.

Let's first pass a single array element to function.

Passing an entire Array in a Function

We can also pass the entire array to a function by passing array name as the argument. Yes, the trick is that we will pass the address of an array, that is the address of the first element of the array. Thus by having the pointer of the first element, we can get the entire array as we have done in examples above.

passing array to function

Let's see an example to understand it.

average(float a[]) → It is the function that is taking an array of float. And rest of the body of the function is performing accordingly.

b = average(n) → One thing you should note here is that we passed 'n'. And as discussed earlier, 'n' is the pointer to the first element or pointer to the array n[] . So, we have actually passed the pointer.

In the above example in which we calculated the average of the values of the elements of an array, we already knew the size of the array i.e. 8.

Suppose we are taking the size of the array from the user. In that case, the size of the array is not fixed. Here, we need to pass the size of array as the second argument to the function.

The code is similar to the previous one except that we passed the size of array explicitly - float average(float a[], int size ) .

We can also pass an array to a function using pointers. Let's see how.

In the above example, the address of the array i.e. address of n[0] is passed to the formal parameters of the function.

display(int *p) → This means that function 'display' is taking a pointer to an integer.

Now we passed the pointer of an integer i.e. pointer of the array n[] - 'n' as per the demand of our function 'display'.

Since 'p' is the address of the array n[] in the function 'display' i.e., address of the first element of the array (n[0]), therefore *p represents the value of n[0]. In the for loop in function, p++ increases the value of p by 1. So, when i=0, the value of *p gets printed. Then p++ increases *p to *(p+1) and in the second loop, the value of *(p+1) i.e. n[1] also gets printed. This loop continues till i=7 when the value of *(p+7) i.e. n[7] gets printed.

passing array to function

What if arrays are 2 dimensional?

Yes, 2-dimensional arrays also exist and are generally known as matrix . These consist of rows and columns.

Before going into its application, let's first see how to declare and initialize a 2D array.

Declaration of 2D Array

Similar to one-dimensional array, we define a 2-dimensional array as below.

int a[2][4];

Here, 'a' is a 2D array of integers which consists of 2 rows and 4 columns .

Now let's see how to initialize a 2-dimensional array.

Assigning Values to a 2 D Array

Same as in one-dimensional array, we can assign values to the elements of a 2-dimensional array in 2 ways as well.

In the first method, just assign a value to the elements of the array. If no value is assigned to any element, then its value is assumed to be zero.

Suppose we declared a 2-dimensional array a[2][2] . Now, we need to assign values to its elements.

int a[2][2]; a[0][0]=1; a[0][1]=2; a[1][0]=3; a[1][1]=4;

The second way is to declare and assign values at the same time as we did in one-dimensional array.

int a[2][3] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

Here, value of a[0][0] is 1, a[0][1] is 2, a[0][2] is 3, a[1][0] is 4, a[1][1] is 5 and a[1][2] is 6.

We can also write the above code as:

int a[2][3] = {       {1, 2, 3},       {4, 5, 6 }     };

Let's consider different cases of assigning values to an array at the time of declaration.

int a[2][2] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; /* valid */ int a[ ][2] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; /* valid */ int a[2][ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; /* invalid */ int a[ ][ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; /* invalid */

Why use of 2 D Array

Suppose we have 3 students each studying 2 subjects (subject 1 and subject 2) and we have to display the marks in both the subjects of the 3 students. Let's input the marks from the user.

This is something like

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C program to copy one array to another using pointers

Write a C program to copy one array elements to another array using pointers. How to copy array elements from one array to another array using pointers. Logic to copy one array to another array using pointers in C programming.

Required knowledge

Basic C programming , Array , Pointers , Array and Pointers

Logic to copy one array to another array using pointers

Step by step descriptive logic to copy one array to another using pointers.

  • Input size and elements in first array, store it in some variable say size and source_array .
  • Declare another array say dest_array to store copy of source_array .
  • Declare a pointer to source_array say *source_ptr = source_array and one more pointer to dest_array say *dest_ptr = dest_array .
  • Copy elements from source_ptr to desc_ptr using *desc_ptr = *source_ptr .
  • Increment pointers source_ptr and desc_ptr by 1.
  • Repeat step 3 and 4 till source_ptr exists in source_arr memory range.

Program to copy one array to another using pointers

Note: You can also write the above while loop as

Note: You can also write the above while loop as while(source_ptr <= end_ptr) *(dest_ptr++) = *(source_ptr++);

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How to copy elements of one array to another in C++

c assign array to another

This is a very simple and easy to understand topic where we will learn how to copy elements of one array to another in C++ .

We all know about arrays. Those who don’t know about it. Arrays are just a collection of similar data types grouped. Like the names of your dogs or the names of flowers in your garden. No other data type can be accommodated in that specific array, for example, if you insert the name of your dogs in the array you were inserting the names of flowers, would it make any sense? Similarly, we cannot copy elements of one array into a different array. Suppose we create an array that contains integers, the array you would want to copy it’s elements should also be an integer array.

Both the arrays should:

  • be of the same type.
  • have the same length or the array in which you’ll copy should be larger.

Illustration :

If one of your arrays contains A={1,4,5,6,3,3,2,3,4,4} then the array you’ll copy should have B={1,4,5,6,3,3,2,3,4,4} after copying.

Procedure to copy elements of one array to another in C++

  • Create an empty array.
  • Insert the elements .
  • Create a duplicate empty array of the same size.
  • Start for i=0 to i=array length.
  • newarray[i]=oldarray[i]

C++ program:

Run this program online The output of the above code:

copy elements of one array to another in C++

This is a very simple program. I tried my best to do it in the easiest way possible. Hope you like it. If you have any doubts, please comment below.

3 responses to “How to copy elements of one array to another in C++”

What I am trying to do is I am making a program that has an array of books[100] and I need to enter in information on each book(the title, the author, the date it was published, and how many pages it is) and I need the information from this to be stored into one element and passed to the book array as a single book. How would I go about this?

how to let the program to accept only 5 elements and copy them into another array!!

I want to know why you put 100 size in both arrays as you input size of array from user?

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How to: Assign One Array to Another Array (Visual Basic)

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Because arrays are objects, you can use them in assignment statements like other object types. An array variable holds a pointer to the data constituting the array elements and the rank and length information, and an assignment copies only this pointer.

To assign one array to another array

Ensure that the two arrays have the same rank (number of dimensions) and compatible element data types.

Use a standard assignment statement to assign the source array to the destination array. Do not follow either array name with parentheses.

When you assign one array to another, the following rules apply:

Equal Ranks. The rank (number of dimensions) of the destination array must be the same as that of the source array.

Provided the ranks of the two arrays are equal, the dimensions do not need to be equal. The number of elements in a given dimension can change during assignment.

Element Types. Either both arrays must have reference type elements or both arrays must have value type elements. For more information, see Value Types and Reference Types .

If both arrays have value type elements, the element data types must be exactly the same. The only exception to this is that you can assign an array of Enum elements to an array of the base type of that Enum .

If both arrays have reference type elements, the source element type must derive from the destination element type. When this is the case, the two arrays have the same inheritance relationship as their elements. This is called array covariance .

The compiler reports an error if the above rules are violated, for example if the data types are not compatible or the ranks are unequal. You can add error handling to your code to make sure that the arrays are compatible before attempting an assignment. You can also use the TryCast Operator keyword if you want to avoid throwing an exception.

  • Troubleshooting Arrays
  • Enum Statement
  • Array Conversions

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  Assigning an array to another array?

c assign array to another

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vector :: assign() in C++ STL

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vector:: assign() is an STL in C++ which assigns new values to the vector elements by replacing old ones. It can also modify the size of the vector if necessary.

The syntax for assigning constant values: 

Program 1: The program below shows how to assign constant values to a vector 

The syntax for assigning values from an array or list: 

Program 2: The program below shows how to assign values from an array or list 

The syntax for modifying values from a vector  

Program 3: The program below shows how to modify the vector 

Time Complexity – Linear O(N)

Syntax for assigning values with initializer list:

Program 4:The program below shows how to assign a vector with an initializer list.

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  1. C Program To Copy Elements of One Array To Another

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  2. C Program: Copy the elements of one array into another array

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COMMENTS

  1. Why can't I assign an array to another array in C

    10 #include<stdio.h> int main(){ int a[] = {1,2,3}; int b[] = {4,5,6}; b = a; return 0; } Result in this error: array type 'int [3]' is not assignable I know arrays are lvalues and are not assignable but in this case, all the compiler has to do is reassign a pointer. b should just point to the address of a. Why isn't this doable? arrays

  2. C Program to Copy All the Elements of One Array to Another Array

    Approach 1: Simple copying of elements from one array to another C #include <stdio.h> int main () { int a [5] = { 3, 6, 9, 2, 5 }, n = 5; int b [n], i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { b [i] = a [i]; } printf("The first array is :"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%d ", a [i]); } printf("\nThe second array is :"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

  3. C Arrays (With Examples)

    Arrays in C An array is a variable that can store multiple values. For example, if you want to store 100 integers, you can create an array for it. int data[100]; How to declare an array? dataType arrayName[arraySize]; For example, float mark[5]; Here, we declared an array, mark, of floating-point type. And its size is 5.

  4. Pass arrays to a function in C

    Output. Result = 162.50. To pass an entire array to a function, only the name of the array is passed as an argument. result = calculateSum (num); However, notice the use of [] in the function definition. float calculateSum(float num []) { ... .. } This informs the compiler that you are passing a one-dimensional array to the function.

  5. Arrays in C

    int n [ ] = {2, 3, 15, 8, 48, 13}; In this case, we are declaring and assigning values to the array at the same time. Here, there is no need to specify the array size because compiler gets it from { 2,3,15,8,48,13 } . Index of an Array Every element of an array has its index. We access any element of an array using its index.

  6. C program to copy all elements of one array to another

    Write a C program to input elements in array and copy all elements of first array into second array. How to copy array elements to another array in C programming. Logic to copy array elements in C program using loop. Example Input Input array1 elements: 10 1 95 30 45 12 60 89 40 -4 Output

  7. C program to copy one array to another using pointers

    Step by step descriptive logic to copy one array to another using pointers. source_array. Declare another array say dest_array to store copy of source_array. desc_ptr*desc_ptr = *source_ptr. Increment pointers desc_ptr. Repeat step 3 and 4 till source_ptr exists in source_arr memory range.

  8. C Program to Copy an Array to another

    C Program to Copy an Array to another array This C program allows the user to enter the size of an Array and then elements of an array. Using For Loop, we are going to copy each element to the second array. #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i, Size, a[20], b[20]; printf("\n Please Enter the Array Size \n"); scanf("%d", &Size);

  9. Assigning one array to another array c++

    1 The weird rules about arrays are inherited from 1970's C programming and nobody has ever changed them because too much existing code would break. Instead, you are discourage from using arrays in C++; instead use std::vector which has the behaviour that arrays do in most high-level languages. - M.M May 24, 2014 at 23:44

  10. [Help] Why can't you assign an array to another array? : r/C ...

    This is because my language manipulates arrays by value; C doesn't do that. As soon as an array value, say 'a', threatens to appear in an expression, it gets converted to a pointer, the equivalent of treating it as &a [0]. Your last example in C: int* b; b = a; Is really just: b = &a [0];

  11. Different ways to Initialize all members of an array to the same value in C

    Below are some of the different ways in which all elements of an array can be initialized to the same value: Initializer List: To initialize an array in C with the same value, the naive way is to provide an initializer list. We use this with small arrays. int num [5] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}; This will initialize the num array with value 1 at all index.

  12. C Program To Copy Elements of One Array To Another

    https://technotip.com/8861/c-program-to-copy-elements-of-one-array-to-another/Lets write a c program to copy all the elements of one array to another array o...

  13. Assign one array to another array

    9,208 ExpertMod8TB. You can't say b=a because the name of an array is the address of element 0. The compiler will not let you chnage the address of a local variable. You will need to copy one array to the other element by element. Your problem has nothing to to with wchar_t but everything to do with arrays.

  14. How to copy elements of one array to another in C++

    Procedure to copy elements of one array to another in C++. Create an empty array. Insert the elements. Create a duplicate empty array of the same size. Start for i=0 to i=array length. newarray [i]=oldarray [i] end for.

  15. How to assign array values to another arrays in C? [duplicate]

    char array [5]; array [0] = 'F'; array [1] = '5'; array [2] = ' '; array [3] = 'D'; array [4] = '3'; printf ("%s", array); printf ("\n"); char aa [2] [2]; char aaa [2]; aa [0] [0] = array [0]; aa [0] [1] = array [1]; aa [1] [0] = array [3]; aa [1] [1] = array [4]; aaa [0] = array [0]; aaa [1] = array [1]; printf ("aa [0] %s\n", aa [0]); pr...

  16. How to: Assign One Array to Another Array

    9 contributors Feedback Because arrays are objects, you can use them in assignment statements like other object types. An array variable holds a pointer to the data constituting the array elements and the rank and length information, and an assignment copies only this pointer. To assign one array to another array

  17. C program to copy all elements of one array into another array

    1. C program to copy all elements of one array into another array . In this program, we need to copy all the elements of one array into another. This can be accomplished by looping through the first array and store the elements of the first array into the second array at the corresponding position. ARRAY 1. ARRAY 2. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: START

  18. c++

    How to reassign an array to another array? Ask Question Asked 6 years, 6 months ago Modified 4 years, 1 month ago Viewed 15k times 0 Is it possible to reassign an array to another array? Like this: This is the function e02:

  19. Assigning an array to another array?

    Assigning an array to another array? Mar 29, 2011 at 1:16am boxerfangg (6) Why can't you assign an array to another array, but you can use arrays as parameters and arguments? Lets take this example: Say this is a function prototype: int readArray (int myArray []); And I have this array in main: int theArray [] = {1,2,3};

  20. c++

    6 Answers Sorted by: 36 Arrays have a variety of ugly behavior owing to C++'s backward compatibility with C. One of those behaviors is that arrays are not assignable. Use std::array or std::vector instead. #include <array> ... std::array<int,5> numbers = {1,2,3}; std::array<int,5> values = {}; values = numbers;

  21. vector :: assign() in C++ STL

    The syntax for assigning values from an array or list: vectorname.assign (arr, arr + size) Parameters: arr - the array which is to be assigned to a vector size - number of elements from the beginning which has to be assigned. Program 2: The program below shows how to assign values from an array or list CPP #include <bits/stdc++.h>