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1. Subtract the elevated number in parts first subtract to the previous whole ten; then the rest .

2. First subtract the balls that are not in the ten-groups.

3. Subtract. The first problem in each box is a “helping problem” for the others.

4. a. Amy has $32. She bought a comic book for $7.         How much does she have now?

    b. Peter had $29. A toy train he wants costs $39.         Mom paid him $5 for working. How much more          does Peter now need to buy the train?

    c. A flower shop has 55 roses. Eight of them are white,         and the rest are red. How many are red?

5. Subtract in parts: Break the second number into its tens and ones.

d.   69 −   19

e.  67 −   36

f.  64 −  33

6. Subtract.

7. You had $50. You purchased two bouquets of roses for $13 each.     How much do you have left after the purchase?

8. What if you bought three bouquets of roses for $13 each with your $50?     How much would you have left after the purchase?

9. Fifteen children were playing on the playground. Seven of them left.     Then, ten more children came. How many are playing on the playground now?

10. A lion chased an antelope for 400 feet, then another 200 feet, and       lastly 200 feet more. Then the lion pounced on the antelope.       What was the total number of feet that the lion chased the antelope?

92 − 35 = ?

11. Add up to find the differences, or use some other strategy such as subtracting in parts.

12. Subtract mentally.

13. A subtraction challenge!

14. Another challenge!

100     

subtraction mental math strategies

Math Mammoth Add & Subtract 3

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Using Mental Math Tricks - Subtraction

subtraction mental math strategies

Knowing mental math tricks is a critical skill in math. Knowing how to do this you will be able to work out sums in your head more rapidly . Here are examples of some mental math strategies for subtraction.

Compatible Number Estimation

We use compatible numbers to estimate the answer. To use this estimation strategy, change the actual numbers to compatible numbers. For example:

Front-End Strategy

When there is no need to carry, you can use the front-end strategy by subtracting from left to right - subtract the hundreds, then the tens and then the ones. For example:

Front-end Estimation

For questions where there is no need for carrying in the highest two place values, simply subtract those place values for a quick estimation. For example:

Compatible Numbers

This works well for powers of 10. What number will make the power of 10? For example:

Equal Additions Strategy

This is a strategy that avoids regrouping. You add the same number to the subtrahend and the minuend for a “friendly” number for subtracting.  For example:

Compensation Strategy

Here you identify the “friendly” number first and then add the difference. For example:

Counting On

Think of the numbers on a number line. For example:

Counting On Estimation

The same number line strategy can be used for estimation. For example:

K5 Learning offers a number of free printable mental subtraction worksheets in its math worksheet center across grades 1 to 6. Here are the mental subtraction worksheets for grade 1 , grade 2 , grade 3 and grade 4 .

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Teaching with Kaylee B

5 Subtraction Mental Math Strategies Your Students Absolutely Need to Know

by | | 2nd Grade Math , Math Fact Fluency , Uncategorized

subtraction mental math strategies

Subtraction facts can be tricky for students to memorize. That is why subtraction mental math strategies are so important for students. Even if students forget the subtraction fact in the moment, they can use a mental math strategy to find the answer quickly and accurately. 

So I thought I would share 3 subtraction mental math strategies your students need to know. Plus, 2 bonus higher level subtraction mental math strategies at the end.

Subtraction Mental Math Strategies

Students have worked with the number ten a lot. The number ten is naturally in their lives. They can easily know what numbers make up ten. So it’s easy to subtract from ten. 

Students can use this to solve harder math facts. For example, if a student sees the equation 12-4, they can break apart the 4 into 2 and 2. Students know that 12-2=10 and 10-2=8. So they know 12-4 is 8.

It’s important for students to get a lot of practice with this subtraction mental strategy. I like to model for students and let them see it visually with ten frames. We fill in the first number, cross off until we get to ten, and then cross off the rest of the number we are subtracting. This helps students see how to break apart the number to get to ten easily.

Then I have students practice using this mental strategy using task cards. I laminate these task cards so that students can use dry erase markers on them. I have them work around the room with a partner. I also hang up an anchor chart showing this strategy so students have plenty of support. I walk around the room guiding students.

subtraction mental math strategies

Then for independent practice I have students do a Subtraction Make Ten worksheet. This helps me see how students are really understanding this strategy. It shows me which students need a little more practice. I will set out other worksheets or task cards as center activities. Find these Subtraction Make Ten task cards and worksheets here.

I like to keep reviewing this strategy with students. I do this with my Math Fact of The Day warm up activity. First, I display a subtraction math fact. Then I give students some time to think of the answer and how they got to the answer. Then I have students turn and talk and tell their neighbor how they figured out the answer. I call on a few students to share their reasoning with the class. I’ll write up on the board and as they explain. Find this Math Fact of the Day resource here.

Doubles and Near Doubles

We make doubles facts a big deal in my classroom. Whenever we come across a doubles fact in our regular math lesson I get really excited. We have a chant that goes with each doubles fact so I make my students say it with me.

For example, 7+7 is 14, let’s lean! I do this because I want students to get in the habit of recognizing doubles facts and using them to help them with subtraction mental math strategies. For more on teaching doubles facts, read this blog post here: What Are Doubles Facts

If students come across the math equation of 13-6, we can reason through it to find the answer. I would model this to students by saying. “Oh, I know 6+6 is 12, so 6+7 is 13. That means 13-6=7.” After modeling it so many times, students start using the same reasoning.

mental math strategies for subtraction

I also give my students lots of practice. I have them get with a partner and solve subtraction facts with the doubles and near doubles strategy together. I walk around the room and help give support to students. I also hang up an anchor chart for students to reference as well.

Then I’ll give them a Subtraction Doubles and Near Doubles worksheet as independent practice so I can really see where students are at with this mental strategy. Find the task cards, anchor chart, and worksheets I use with my students here.

I’ll continue to give students opportunities to use this mental strategy during our Math Fact of the Day warm up time, like mentioned above. Find my Math Fact of the Day resource here.

Use Addition to Subtract

It is easier for students to master addition facts than subtraction facts. But what if they could use their addition facts to help with subtraction?

When students figure out that they can use addition to solve subtraction facts quickly it is a game changer.

I help students do this with fact families. Fact families show how addition and subtraction are related. For example, if a student knows that 2 and 9 make 11. Then they can know that 11 take away 2 is 9.

I like to help my students master fact families with my fact family triangles resource. I laminate them so students can write on them with dry erase markers and I set them around the room. Then students work with a partner writing the 2 addition equations and the 2 subtraction equations that go with the related numbers.

subtraction mental math

This helps students see that if they memorize one addition equation they automatically know two subtraction equations, making this one of the most powerful mental math strategies for subtraction.

Find the fact family triangles I use in my classroom here. To learn more about teaching fact families to your students, read this blog post: 3 Reasons Why You Need to Teach Fact Families

Mental Math Strategies For Subtraction Grade 2

Now math facts are not the only subtraction that students do. For 2nd graders, they learn 2-digit subtraction and 3-digit subtraction. Students can use subtraction mental math strategies for these as well.

Break Apart Subtraction

For 2-digit subtraction I love break apart as a mental strategy. To help students understand this visually, I have them write out the equation and then draw a tens box and a ones box for the number they are subtracting. Then they can easily subtract the tens. 

For the ones, if they need to regroup they will need to break apart the ones again. You want them to break about the ones so that they can get down to the next tens number. Then they can subtract the other part to get their answer.

To better explain this, let’s look at an example. For the equation 85-28 you break the 28 apart into tens and ones. Then you subtraction your tens. 80-20 is 40. So you for a 4 for your tens number. Next you break apart your ones into 5 and 3. 5-5=0. So you put a 0 for your ones number. Now you are at 50. Then you subtract 3 more to get your answer which is 27. 

subtraction mental math strategies

Find my 2-digit break apart practice activities here. 

For more teaching tips for 2-digit subtraction strategies, read this blog post here: How to Teach Those Tricky 2-Digit Subtraction Strategies

For 3-digit subtraction I have students write out their equation like 436-217=. We look at the hundreds. 4-2=2. We look at the tens 3-1=2. Then we look at the ones, but if we have 6 ones we can’t take away 7. So we need to break apart 7 into easier numbers. We need to break it apart into 6 and 1. That way we can do 6-6=0. So the number is 220 and then we just need to take away 1 more, so the answer is 219.

mental math strategies for subtraction grade 2

Mental math strategies for subtraction help students get to the answer quickly and accurately. When you teach them explicitly to your students, let them get lots of practice, and then review them often, students can find success with them. Students will build their number sense and also their confidence in their mathematical abilities.

Getting students to math fact mastery can be hard work. I’m sharing what has helped my students best to reach math fact fluency here in this free workbook for 1st and 2nd grade teachers: The 7 Steps to Ensure Math Fact Fluency

subtraction mental math strategies

Download your free copy here.

Did you receive your free gift yet?

Download my free workbook: the 7 steps to ensure math fact fluency, download here.

subtraction mental math strategies

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Mental subtraction strategies 1: Use known facts; subtract in parts

We can solve 23 − 8 and 93 − 8 (and 63 − 8 etc.) by our knowledge of the basic subtraction fact that 13 − 8 = 5. Think of it this way: in 13 − 8, the answer goes "down" to the previous ten, and ends in 5. It works the same way for 63 − 8, for example: the answer is in the previous ten (in the 50s) and ends in 5.

Besides using the basic subtraction facts, here is another strategy for subtracting a single-digit or two-digit number from a two-digit number: subtract in parts.

For example, to subtract 52 − 5, first subtract enough that you go "down" to the previous ten, or to 50. That means we subtract 52 − 2. Then we still need to subtract 3 more. So, we go 50 − 3 = 47.

In the video below, we look at several subtraction problems (2-digit and 3-digit) where the most effective strategy is to think of the difference between the numbers. This strategy works best when the numbers to be subtracted are close to each other.

The last example we look at is the two-digit subtraction 72 − 37. I solve it by finding the difference between 37 and 72 — essentially "adding up" from 37 to 72, in three different parts. I show arrows with jumps — like using a number line without tick marks.

More mental subtraction strategies

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9 mental math strategies: Tips and Tricks for students

Mental math is an important skill for students of all ages. Applying mental math strategies can help you work faster and more accurately without a calculator.

In this article, we will list 9 strategies that will help you improve your skills. We’ll also include some tips and tricks to make mental math easier and faster!

From my 14+ years of teaching experience, I have observed that there are many students in high school that rely heavily on their calculators instead of using these mental math strategies.

By applying these tips and tricks they can work faster and apply these strategies to other topics such as Algebra and multiplying fractions.

What are mental math strategies?

Mental math strategies are simply methods or techniques that you can use to do math more quickly and accurately using your brain. These strategies can be used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and more!

Here are my favorite mental math strategies that you can use:

1. Bridge to ten

Bridge to ten is when we count on to the next 10 and then add what is left.

Having knowledge of ‘ friends of ten ‘ which is basically recalling number combinations that add to 10, is essential prior knowledge.

subtraction mental math strategies

The Bridge to ten strategy is great for simple additions such as 8+6.

You can change this to 8+ 2 + 4.

It is also great for questions such as 47 + 8.

Which can be bridged to ten as follows: 47 + 3 + 5.

Number lines are a helpful tool for this strategy.

subtraction mental math strategies

2. Commutative Property

This mental math strategy can be used with addition and multiplication. It states that you can change the order of the numbers being added or multiplied and get the same answer. For example, 2+3 = 3+2.

Let’s say you’re adding up a list of numbers:

subtraction mental math strategies

Instead of starting from left to right, try grouping them using ‘friends of ten’.

subtraction mental math strategies

So you can see the total is 20 + 30 + 4 = 54

This can help you keep track of the numbers more easily and calculate the addition faster using this mental math strategy.

3. Adding 9

This mental math strategy can be used for addition. To use this strategy, you simply need to add 10 and then subtract 1.

For example, let’s say you’re trying to add 56+9

You can add the numbers like this:

subtraction mental math strategies

Then, it becomes much easier to calculate the addition mentally because it is very easy to add 10 to a number.

4. Near doubles

Near doubles strategy is when you double a number and then adjust.

This is great when adding two consecutive numbers.

For example 7 + 8 is the same as double 7 plus 1, which equals 15.

Or you can adjust by doubling the larger number and subtracting 1.

For example 14+15 is the same as double 15 minus 1 , which equals 29.

5. Compensation strategy

The compensation strategy uses rounding up or down to make it easier to calculate an addition mentally.

First you want to round the second number up to the closest ten.

Then you compensate by subracting.

For example 47+19

subtraction mental math strategies

This works for subtraction too.

For example, 76- 29

subtraction mental math strategies

6. Doubling and halving

I LOVE this strategy! It is genius.

Doubling and halving is a mental math strategy for multiplication.

It works by halving one number (the larger one works best) and doubling the other number.

For example 48 x 5

subtraction mental math strategies

7. Distributive property

The distributive property states that when you are multiplying a number by a certain sum or difference, you can multiply the number by each term in the sum or difference and then add the products together.

For example:

10 x (24 + 16) = 10 x 24 + 10 x 16 = 240 + 160 =400

Algebraically the distributive law looks like this:

subtraction mental math strategies

This is a great mental math strategy to use for something like 99x 4

subtraction mental math strategies

8. Using landmark numbers

Landmark numbers, such as multiples of ten or a hundred, are familiar with students so they can be used as a mental math strategy when adding.

For example 97 + 68.

97 is so close to 100. So you could add 3 to 97 and then subtract 3 from 68.

subtraction mental math strategies

9. Repeated doubling to multiply by 4 and 8

Students often know how to double or multiply by 2 but their number facts for the 4 and 8 times tables are often not as strong.

Repeated doubling is a mental math strategy to help with this.

To multiply a number by four, double it twice.

For example, 12 x 4

subtraction mental math strategies

To multiply a number by 8, double it three times.

For example 25 x 8

subtraction mental math strategies

Final thoughts and my experience of using mental math strategies in the classroom

There are many more mental math strategies that I use regularly. These are just a few that I teach my high school mathematics students in our numeracy support sessions.

In my experience students need to be reminded of these strategies and given opportunities to practice them regularly.

As you can see, using mental math strategies can help you work faster and more accurately without a calculator. Try out these strategies the next time you’re doing your math homework.

What are some mental addition strategies?

Some mental addition strategies include bridge to ten, commutative property, using landmark numbers, adding 9, and near doubles. Examples of these mental math strategies are outlined in this article.

Related posts:

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subtraction mental math strategies

Mental Math Strategies – Addition and Subtraction

October 13, 2022

subtraction mental math strategies

Using Mental Math strategies means solving a math problem mentally using a conceptual understanding of the numbers. We teach mental math strategies like making 10, splitting, and regrouping in grades 1 and 2, however, I think it is important to teach strategies to older students as well. I noticed that once the students learn the algorithms of 2 (and up)-digit addition and subtraction they tend to avoid solving problems mentally, even if the solution is quite obvious. I recently gave my new students the expression 245+57 to solve. Almost all of them wrote the numbers one under the other (some incorrectly) and used the algorithm to solve the problem. Very few students solved it mentally. 245+55+2=302

Teaching Mental math Strategies to students in grades 3 and up is very important as it develops their flexible thinking and boosts their confidence in math. Being able to use the addition and subtraction properties to apply mental math strategies shows a deep conceptual understanding that will, later on, be applied to more advanced concepts.

Some students discover mental math strategies through practice, naturally, however, most of the students need to be taught the strategies and practice applying them to selected problems. There is a special joy in discovering a strategy, a “trick”. We can guide our students to “discover” a strategy by providing appropriate problems and discussing them.

Mental Math strategies come from using the properties of the numbers and operations in our favor, in a way that makes solving the problem “easier”. Make sure that your students understand the properties of addition and subtraction below.

subtraction mental math strategies

Visuals and Manipulatives

Using visuals and manipulatives reinforces the strategies and helps all students gain a deep understanding. We can solve problems like 35-9, 363+29, and 472-98 using manipulatives to demonstrate a strategy.

subtraction mental math strategies

Relations and connections

Using number relations and connections enables students to use already-known problems to solve new ones. For example, If 26+4=30 then 26+7 will be? If 14+36=50 then 14+35=? If 382+100= 482 then 382+99=? 14+36=50 then 14+35=?

Mental Math strategies as Math Talks

Mental Math strategies make great math talks. Present a problem and ask students how to solve it. Can we do it mentally? Present a solution and ask them to explain. Discuss the different solutions and find the connections. Introduce strategies through math talks and apply them to more problems. Ask questions like: Which mental math strategy is for this problem? Why? I always include mental math strategies in math talks and I find that it helps the students see beyond the algorithm and look for relations in numbers.

subtraction mental math strategies

I have created a collection of activity cards to practice mental math strategies for addition and subtraction with visuals, examples, and practice questions for the strategies:

  • Compensation 10s 100s addition, subtraction
  • Decomposing to create compatible numbers 10s 100s addition subtraction

The collection includes 30 slides or 30 print task cards and you can find them below.

Mental Math strategies for addition and subtraction. Compensation, decomposing, balancing, clustering. Google slides

Mental Math strategies for addition and subtraction. Compensation, decomposing, balancing, clustering. Print task cards

Mental Math strategies for addition and subtraction. Compensation, decomposing, balancing, clustering.worksheets

Bundle of both google slides and print task cards Mental math strategies addition-subtraction

subtraction mental math strategies

Find the multiplication and division mental math strategies posts below

Mental Math strategies-Multiplication

Mental Math Strategies Division

Bundle of all mental Math strategies, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division google slides

Bundle of all mental Math strategies, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Print Task Cards

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subtraction mental math strategies

6 Subtraction Strategies to Help Students with Mental Maths

  • Math Education

subtraction mental math strategies

Subtraction is a fundamental arithmetic skill that students use throughout their education. Developing strong mental math abilities can significantly ease the learning process in mathematics and related disciplines. Here are six effective subtraction strategies to help students improve their mental math skills:

1.Counting Back: This strategy is straightforward and involves counting back from the number being subtracted from. For example, if the problem is 15 – 3, the student counts back three numbers from 15, resulting in an answer of 12.

2.Using a Number Line: A number line is a visual tool that helps students understand the concept of subtraction as distance between numbers. Students can visually jump backward on the line to subtract.

3.Decomposing Numbers: This strategy involves breaking down numbers into parts that are easier to subtract. For example, to solve 36 – 17, decompose 17 into 10 and 7, subtract 10 to get 26, and then subtract 7 to arrive at the final answer of 19.

4.Subtracting in Steps: Large numbers can be made more manageable by subtracting in smaller chunks or steps. For instance, for 150 – 75, you could first subtract 50 (getting you to 100) and then subtract the remaining 25.

5.Doubling and Halving: When both numbers involved in the subtraction are even, you can halve them to make calculations simpler and then double the result of the subtraction to find the original difference. For example, with 20 – 8, halve them to get 10 – 4 (which is easier to calculate), then double your result of 6 to get back to the larger scale and an answer of 12.

6.Using Complements: Knowing number complements—the number needed to add up to a round figure like ten—can be extremely helpful. If a student needs to calculate something like 1000 – 432, it helps first to understand that the complement of 432 is 568, because both add up to a clean thousand.

Integrating these strategies into classroom practice can empower students not just with different methods of subtraction but also enhance their overall numerical fluency and confidence in handling math problems mentally.

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Arithmetic (all content)

Course: arithmetic (all content)   >   unit 2.

  • Relate place value to standard algorithm for multi-digit addition
  • Multi-digit addition with regrouping
  • Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping: 6798-3359
  • Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping: 7329-6278
  • Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping twice

Alternate mental subtraction method

  • Adding multi-digit numbers: 48,029+233,930
  • Multi-digit addition
  • Relate place value to standard algorithm for multi-digit subtraction
  • Multi-digit subtraction: 389,002-76,151
  • Multi-digit subtraction

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Video transcript

subtraction mental math strategies

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Teaching Trove

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8 Strategies That Will Make Subtraction Easy

Blog , Mathematics

Do you spend a lot of time teaching the addition strategies but a lot less time on subtraction?

No matter what country you teach in,  you will find a mathematics standard that says something like, ‘ Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental math strategies’ . This means we need kids to have automatic recall of both their addition and subtraction facts.

subtraction mental math strategies

Subtraction Strategies

The main strategy for teaching the subtraction facts is to have children relate them to known addition facts. Of course, this means that the addition facts must be well known before attempting to teach the subtraction facts. If you would like to read more about teaching the addition strategies you can do that  HERE .

When children understand the relationship between addition and subtraction they will find it easier to master their subtraction facts. We can do this by introducing children to the think addition strategy – “I know that 3 + 4 is 7 so 7 – 4 is 3.” Teaching children about number fact families is the perfect way to show this link.

But it’s important that children are not reliant on only one strategy and that we teach them a range of strategies that they can use.

Teaching a range of subtraction strategies is important if we want kids to have mastery over the subtraction facts to 20.

You will find that many facts will also have more that one strategy to use. 10 -3 is both a count back and take from ten facts; 7 – 4 is both a near doubles subtraction fact and a count up fact. Children should always use the strategy that is easiest for them and this might even just be using the think addition strategy.

Subtraction flip books help kids remember their strategies.

Games and Activities

Each time you teach a new strategy you’ll want to reinforce it with a range of games and interactive activities.

subtraction strategies for the subtraction facts

Give kids time to practice the strategies in fun and inviting ways. Games and fun activity sheets are a great way to increase kid’s confidence in performing simple calculations.

Subtraction games are great for learning the subtraction facts.

When you make math learning fun and engaging, you take away the myth that math is too hard! Kids feel empowered by their achievements and are more likely to have the confidence to try more complex equations.

Subtraction strategies are great for learning the subtraction facts.

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If you would like all the subtraction strategies you should teach in one easy to use pack, you can find it in my Teachers Pay Teachers store by clicking HERE or the image below.

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If you need to reteach the addition strategies to help your kids make the connection between addition and subtraction, grab the combined pack of addition and subtraction strategies HERE or by clicking the image below.

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Home / United States / Math Classes / 2nd Grade Math / Subtraction Strategies

Subtraction Strategies

We can subtract two numbers using different methods like using an open number line, compensation, modeling, and regroupi ng. Each strategy has different perks. We pick the strategy depending on the numbers involved in the subtraction operation. ...Read More Read Less

Table of Contents

subtraction mental math strategies

Introduction to Subtraction

Subtraction using an open number line, why do we need an open number line, compensation strategy, using the model strategy to subtract.

  • Solved examples
  • Frequently Asked Questions

Let’s understand the meaning of subtraction through an example. George has $ 7 . He goes to a shop and buys some candies for which he pays $ 6 . How much is  George left with?  We can find the change through the subtraction operation. The term “subtraction” refers to the process of subtracting or taking away a given number from another. In other words, it is used to figure out the difference between two numbers. Subtraction refers to calculating the difference between two quantities . Subtraction is the opposite of addition and is signified by the minus sign (-).

Subtraction can be made easier through four strategies:

1. Subtraction using an open number line

2. Compensation

3. Using models to subtract

4. Regrouping 

Let us discuss these strategies in detail:

A number line is a straight line with numbers placed at equal intervals or segments along its length. A number line can be drawn horizontally and can be extended in any direction indefinitely.

number line

We use a number line because it is a convenient/good  way to represent numbers using a visually understandable figure. It is also easy to visualize operations like subtraction and addition on a number line. Let us have a look at how we can subtract two numbers using a number line .

Subtracting tens using a number line:

number line

To subtract 10 from 64 using a number line, first we move backwards and start counting from one to ten. So, we will start counting from 64 , 63 , 62 , 61 ,……, 54 . The tenth position, which is 54 on the number line, will be the result.

Subtracting hundreds using a number line:

number line

To subtract 100 from 233 using a number line, first we move backwards and start counting from one to hundred. So, we will start counting from 233, 232, 231, 230,,……., 133. The hundredth position, which is 133 on the number line, will be the answer.

The compensation strategy of subtraction is the process in which we use an approximate number near the tens and then we subtract. Usually, we take approximations near tens, twenties, hundreds, etc.

Example: It is easy to do simple subtractions like 20 – 10 = 10 , but 21 – 7 might  seem tricky as we can’t calculate it quickly. So, we can approximate 7 by 10 through the compensation method. The equation following the compensation strategy will be: 21 – 7 = 11 .

Now add 3 to 11 as we earlier compensated the   3 . The final answer is 14.

By using compensation, we can do mental math to add or subtract greater numbers.

We compensate a number with figures from other numbers to make mental math easier.

We can use the equal addition method when we subtract numbers.

We add the same amount to each number so they are more compatible.

Example : Subtract 7 from 33 .

As we can see, 7 is the nearest to 10 . We will add 3 in 7 . After compensation, the new number will be 10 . So, we will subtract 10 from 33 (33 – 10 = 23) .

We get 23 as a result. As we incremented from 7 to 10 by adding 3 ,we will add 3 to the result and get the final answer which is 26 .

Example : Subtract 29 from 74 by compensation strategy.

As we can see, 29 is the nearest to 30 . We will add 1 to 29 . After compensation, the new number will be 30. So, we will subtract 30 from 74 (74 – 30 = 44) .

We get 44 as a result. As we incremented 29 to 30 by adding 1 , we will add   1 to the result and we will get the final answer which is 45 .

compensation strategy

The model method involves visualization. Firstly when we see the two numbers then easily we can visualize that this method we have to use  like place value, by regrouping etc. Sometimes when we see the pictures we are able to find the difference.

Here’s an example of the model strategy:

William has 7 oranges. He gives 2 oranges to Noah. How many oranges is William left with?

model strategy

We can take 2 oranges out of a total of 7. Then William will be left with 5 oranges.

model strategy

What is meant by regrouping in math?

Regrouping can be defined as the process of grouping numbers in tens . It is a method of subtracting numbers below a hundred. It makes math operations such as addition and subtraction easier.

Consider the following question: 11 + 9 = ?.

When we add 1 + 9 in the unit’s place, the result will be 10. In this case, we need to regroup. So, 1 will go to 1’s column and the sum will be 20 .

What is subtraction with regrouping?

In the process of regrouping for subtraction, each place value reaches its highest place individually. Regrouping is ideal for subtracting big numbers. 

For example, while subtracting 28 from 72 , we are met with the challenge that 8 is greater than 2 . We will use the regrouping method here.

First, write the equation in column form.

regrouping

From tens, 1 will go to 2. So the new number is 12. As a result, we will subtract 8 from 12 which equals 4. 

regrouping

Now, At Tens we have 6 Tens as earlier regroup 1 as 10 ones with 2.

regrouping

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Solved Examples on Subtraction Strategies

Example 1 : Use a number line to subtract 20 from 62 .

First, identify the numbers 20 and 62 on the number line.

number line

To subtract 20 from 62 using a number line, move backwards and start counting from one to 20. 20 is the same as the 20. After 20 ones, we get 42. Hence, 42 is the solution .

Example 2 : Use the compensation method to subtract.

compensation

It is easier to subtract 50 as compared to 46 from any number. Here we subtract a further 4 than we need to subtract and therefore, to get the right solution at last we have to add 4.

compensation method

Example 3 : Use a model to solve the following:

37 – 4.

37 and 4 can be written in the model form as:

model form

Now, from the unit place, subtract 4 from 7 . Count the tens and the ones that are left.

model form

From the above figure, we can conclude that we have 3 tens and 3 ones. Therefore, the result will be 30+3=33 .

model form

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What are the various strategies of subtraction?

The four strategies for subtraction include: using  models for subtraction, compensation, using open number lines, and regrouping.

In math, what is subtraction?

Subtraction is a mathematical operation that represents the removal of objects from a collection.

In subtraction, can regrouping be done with single digits?

Regrouping in subtraction is possible if a single digit is being subtracted from a double digit and for double-digit subtraction. Regrouping can be done in subtraction when the answer is greater.

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Mental Math Subtraction

What are the strategies to calculate mental math subtraction? The tricky strategies to calculate subtraction mentally in your head is an important part in mathematics.  Year-by-year practicing will help us to learn how to use mental math tricks or techniques in an appropriate way. Tips: practice whenever you get free time in school, at work, etc.,

There are some skills, which are used to solve the questions of subtraction easily and conveniently. Use mental math strategies to calculate subtraction to sharpen your mental maths skills.

Here are some easy examples in which mental subtraction skills are used.

Problems to calculate mental math tricks for subtraction:

1.  Subtract 27 from 73.

= 73 + 99 – 27 – 99

= 73 + 99 – 27 – 100 + 1

= 73 + (99 – 27) - 100 + 1

= 73 + 72 - 100 + 1

= (73 + 72) – 100 + 1

= 145 - 100 + 1

 = 45 + 1

Therefore, 73 – 27 = 46

For the solution we deduct 27 from the highest two-digit number.

2. Subtract 93 – 67

93 + (99 – 67) – 100 + 1

= 93 + 32 - 100 + 1

= (93 + 32) – 100 + 1

= 125 – 100 + 1

Therefore, 93 – 67 = 26

3. By backward counting subtract 5 from 19.

Solution: 

               19              -    5                14

= 19 –  I,     I,      I,      I,      I

         18,    17,   16,    15,    14

Therefore, 19 – 5 = 14

4. Find the difference of 53 – 29

         53           59     →    30      →                                          -  29           -29              -  6                                        30               24

Hence,          53

             –      29                      24       

The above tricky strategies will help us to calculate mental subtraction to sharpen the math skills to perform easily.

Related Concepts

● Mental Math Addition

● Mental Math Subtraction

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Mental Math Subtraction Strategies | Mental Math Tricks for Subtraction | How to do Mental Math Subtraction?

Are you facing any difficulty in doing subtractions mentally? Then you have landed on the correct page where you will find plenty of strategies in the subtraction process. This article includes the tricks to do the subtractions mentally in the head very fast. These tricks save time in the competitive exams which are very helpful for the students. You can also check the solved examples of mental math subtraction for a better understanding of the concept.

Also, refer:

  • Mental Math Addition

Mental Math Subtraction

Here we will discuss the tricks for doing the subtractions mentally. Practicing these tricks will help you in doing subtractions mentally very fast and accurately. Use these tricks to do subtraction and sharpen your skills in Mathematics.

Subtract in Two Parts

Subtract the previous whole ten, then the rest. Example: 55-9 Solution: subtract 9 in two parts. they are 5,4. =55-5-4 Subtract first 5 then 4. =50-4 =46

Subtract in Parts

Break the subtrahend into its tens and ones. subtract in parts. Example: 45-23 Solution: Break subtrahend i.e. second number into tens and ones. =45-20-3 Subtract tens and then ones =25-3 =22

Use Known Subtraction Facts

since 13-6=7, we know that 53-6 will end in 7. But it will be in the forties something. So it is 47. Since 15-9=6, we know that 45-9 will end in 6. But it will be in the thirties. So it is 36.

Add we can add backward. When the two numbers are close to each other this technique works well. Instead of subtracting, check how much you add to the subtrahend in order to get the minuend Example: 70-68=? Think 68+__=70 Add UP to find the Difference To find the difference, first, start at the small number and add up until you get to the larger number. Example: 85-48 48+2=50 50+30=80 80+5=85 we added 2,30,5 i.e. total of 37. 85-48=37.

Subtract an easy Number that is Closer and then Correct the Answer

First, subtract an easy and closer number and then correct the answer. Example: 34-18=? since 20 is closer to 18 and easy to subtract 34-20=14. But you subtracted two too many. So add 2 to the answer. i.e. 14+2=16.

Compatible Numbers

It will work well for powers of 10. Example: 100-34=? x+34=100 x=100-34 x=66

Equal Addition Strategy

You can add the same number to the subtrahend and minuend for subtracting. Example: 54-28 Add 2 to both numbers 54+2=56 28+2=30 56-30=26

Subtract from Left to Right

Start subtracting from left to right one digit at a time. Borrow numbers when necessary. Example: subtract 4311 from 9542 9   5    4   2 -4   3   1   1 5    2    3    1

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How to get better at mental math

Mental math is an important skill for children to have, but how do parents help develop it? Luckily, there are many mental math strategies to help us.

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  • Key takeaways
  • Mental math is the ability to perform calculations in your head without pen and paper.
  • There are tried and true strategies for getting better at mental math.
  • Practice makes perfect.

Table of contents

What is mental math.

Mental math is the ability to calculate math in your head without working it out on paper or needing memory aids, such as a multiplication chart. It requires basic number sense to complete calculations quickly.

The ability to perform mental math has been found to improve speed of thought and increase accuracy when completing math problems. Most importantly, it can improve a child’s confidence in their math skills .

The most common question asked by students is ‘ how to get fast at mental math ’, and there are lots of techniques that can help to boost their skills.

Improvement requires knowledge of helpful mental math strategies and frequent mental math practice .

There are many ways to help your child get better at mental math. Building confidence and practicing repetition remains at the center of all of them.

Use flashcards

One of the most important aspects of mental math practice is repetition, repetition, repetition! This is how many of us remember times tables, commonly used in mental math, into adulthood. Consolidation of multiplication takes time and flashcards are a great way to help.

Making flashcards with addition, subtraction, multiplication or division expressions on them is a great way to practice this skill. Best of all, flashcards can be easily transported and used on the go, making them ideal for use on trips!

You can add an extra challenge by timing how quickly you can get through your flash cards.

Master number bonds

Number bonds are the basis of how children work out most mental math problems, so encouraging young learners to practice them is a good way to increase their skills in mental math.

Ask them to think of all the addition combinations they can that make 10, such as ‘8 + 2’ and ‘6 + 4’. Doing this will help them to understand number bonds better. Then, once they feel comfortable with this, encourage them to move on to number bonds of 20, 50 or 100.

Apply math to everyday tasks

Developing logical thinking is vital for children as they get older, and one way to do this (while getting in their mental math practice!) is by using real-world situations to get them to tackle problems.

For example, when baking with them, ask them to double the recipe. Or, when you’re grocery shopping, ask them to divide groceries into three equal groups or to round up the prices at checkout.

Use DoodleMath

DoodleMath is a math practice app that’s specifically designed to help children to develop mental math skills.

Designed to be used for just 10 minutes a day, its interactive exercises and games keep learning fun and engaging, ensuring that children always look forward to math practice!

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Mental math strategies

As well as activities to aid your mental math practice, there are also mental math strategies you can use to help your child improve their mental math skills and confidence when completing mental math.

Splitting into hundreds, tens and ones

If your child is confronted with a large addition or subtraction sum, a great strategy to teach them is to break it into smaller parts.

It’s best to break the hundreds, tens, and ones up so that they can be added together separately and then totaled at the end.

For example, take a look at the following sum:

By breaking this down, the numbers can be more easily added together:

500 + 200 = 700, 40 + 30 = 70 and 1 + 5 = 6

These can then be put back together for a final number – 786!

Once your child has gotten the hang of this, they may find it easier to keep the tens and ones together and to separate the hundreds, as this makes it easier when the unit adds to over ten. For example, 418 + 513 (400 + 500 = 900, 18 + 13 = 31, meaning that the overall total is 931).

Rounding numbers for easier calculations

Mental math practice is all about finding patterns or breaking down trickier problems. One simple way to make addition or subtraction sums easier is to round up or down to a number that your child is more comfortable working with.

Children are more confident when adding or subtracting numbers that end in five or zero, so adjusting calculations to suit this and readjusting them at the end can help tackle more complex problems.

For example, think about the following sum:

By rounding the 492 up to 500, the calculation becomes much easier than before. So, to round up to 500, your child will need to add on 8. Be sure to remember this later!

500 + 180 is much easier to solve, and equals 680

And now comes the final calculation: remember to take away the 8 you added on earlier! This means that the total should be 672.

Flipping around the question

Most children find addition easier than subtraction, but many are not aware that they can flip difficult subtraction sums to help answer them.

For example, imagine your child or pupil is working on the following:

This can easily be flipped round to __ + 18 = 21.

If your child doesn’t struggle with subtraction sums, this method is also a great way to double-check quickly if the answer they have worked out is correct.

In summary,

Mental math practice takes both time and patience, but there are tried and true ways you can use to support your children. Remember: repetition is key to embedding required knowledge.

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Extension Activity

Make up a ten-question mental arithmetic exercise for a friend. For each question you should secretly write down your prediction of which strategy they will use. You should include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division questions and your ten predictions should all be different.

Strategies to Add Mentally

Don't wait until you have finished the exercise before you click on the 'Check' button. Click it often as you work through the questions to see if you are answering them correctly. You can double-click the 'Check' button to make it float at the bottom of your screen.

IMAGES

  1. 5 Subtraction Mental Math Strategies Your Students Absolutely Need to

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  2. Subtraction with Regrouping Strategies

    subtraction mental math strategies

  3. subtraction strategies poster Whimsy Workshop Teaching

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  4. Mental Subtraction Strategies Maths Mate :: Teacher Resources and

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  5. Subtraction Mental Math

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  6. Subtraction Mental Math Strategies

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VIDEO

  1. Lesson 1.9 Mental Math Strategies for Subtraction

  2. Using MENTAL MATH to Add and Subtract

  3. Review Mental Math Strategies ماث رابعة ابتدائى

  4. Subtraction by 9: Simple Strategies and #tricks

  5. Mental Math Strategies +

  6. Mental Maths Addition And Subtraction

COMMENTS

  1. Mental Subtraction Strategies

    Mental Subtraction Strategies This mental math lesson explains 6 different strategies you can use for mentally subtracting 2-digit numbers, meant for 2nd or 3rd grade. It contains the instruction, examples, lots of exercises, and word problems for students to complete. 1.

  2. Mental Math Subtraction Strategies

    The subtraction portion of the Mental Math Strategy Collection includes the following units: Counting Back & Counting Up sing Doubles & Building on Doubles Expanding the Subtrahend.

  3. Using Mental Math Tricks

    Here are examples of some mental math strategies for subtraction. Compatible Number Estimation We use compatible numbers to estimate the answer. To use this estimation strategy, change the actual numbers to compatible numbers. For example: Front-End Strategy

  4. 6 Subtraction Strategies to Help Students with Mental Maths

    Subtraction Strategies (1) Make Ten Remember what we said about kids who understand the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction? The Make Ten subtraction strategy makes use of that relationship by reminding students that any subtraction problem can be reformed as a missing addend problem.

  5. 6 Subtraction Strategies to Help Students Get Comfortable With Mental Math

    Subtraction Strategies Make Ten Remember what we said about kids who understand the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction? The Make Ten subtraction strategy makes use of that relationship by reminding students that any subtraction problem can be reformed as a missing addend problem.

  6. 5 Subtraction Mental Math Strategies Your Students Absolutely Need to

    Subtraction Mental Math Strategies Make Ten Students have worked with the number ten a lot. The number ten is naturally in their lives. They can easily know what numbers make up ten. So it's easy to subtract from ten. Students can use this to solve harder math facts.

  7. Strategies for mental subtraction

    Strategies for mental subtraction These two videos explain various basic strategies we can use to mentally subtract two-digit numbers. This first part covers two simple mental math strategies for subtracting a single-digit number from a two-digit number, such as 63 − 8 or 72 − 5. The first strategy is to subtract in parts (or part-by-part).

  8. Mental subtraction strategies 1: Use known facts; subtract in parts

    Besides using the basic subtraction facts, here is another strategy for subtracting a single-digit or two-digit number from a two-digit number: subtract in parts. For example, to subtract 52 − 5, first subtract enough that you go "down" to the previous ten, or to 50. That means we subtract 52 − 2. Then we still need to subtract 3 more.

  9. 9 mental math strategies: Tips and Tricks for students

    To use this strategy, you simply need to add 10 and then subtract 1. For example, let's say you're trying to add 56+9 You can add the numbers like this: Then, it becomes much easier to calculate the addition mentally because it is very easy to add 10 to a number. 4.

  10. Mental Math Strategies

    Mental Math strategies come from using the properties of the numbers and operations in our favor, in a way that makes solving the problem "easier". Make sure that your students understand the properties of addition and subtraction below. Advertisement Visuals and Manipulatives

  11. Strategies for mental subtraction, part 1 (grades 2-3)

    This first part covers two simple mental math strategies for subtracting a single-digit number from a two-digit number, such as 63 - 8 or 72 - 5.The first st...

  12. 6 Subtraction Strategies to Help Students with Mental Maths

    Here are six effective subtraction strategies to help students improve their mental math skills: 1.Counting Back: This strategy is straightforward and involves counting back from the number being subtracted from. For example, if the problem is 15 - 3, the student counts back three numbers from 15, resulting in an answer of 12.

  13. Alternate mental subtraction method (video)

    Relate place value to standard algorithm for multi-digit addition. Multi-digit addition with regrouping. Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping: 6798-3359. Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping: 7329-6278. Multi-digit subtraction with regrouping twice. Alternate mental subtraction method. Adding multi-digit numbers: 48,029+233,930.

  14. Math Tricks| Mental Math: Subtraction

    0:00 / 3:35 Intro Math Tricks| Mental Math: Subtraction | Grade 3 THE MATH PLANET 2.26K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed Like 28K views 3 years ago Grade 3 Meet Milo, the Minus sign, on...

  15. 8 Strategies That Will Make Subtraction Easy

    The main strategy for teaching the subtraction facts is to have children relate them to known addition facts. Of course, this means that the addition facts must be well known before attempting to teach the subtraction facts. If you would like to read more about teaching the addition strategies you can do that HERE.

  16. Subtraction Using Various Strategies & Methods (Different Subtraction

    Subtraction Strategies Subtraction using an open number line Why do we need an open number line? Compensation Strategy Using the model strategy to subtract Regrouping Solved examples Frequently Asked Questions Introduction to Subtraction Let's understand the meaning of subtraction through an example. George has $7.

  17. Mental Math Subtraction

    What are the strategies to calculate mental math subtraction? The tricky strategies to calculate subtraction mentally in your head is an important part in mathematics. Year-by-year practicing will help us to learn how to use mental math tricks or techniques in an appropriate way. Tips: practice whenever you get free time in school, at work, etc.,

  18. Mental Math Subtraction Strategies

    This article includes the tricks to do the subtractions mentally in the head very fast. These tricks save time in the competitive exams which are very helpful for the students. You can also check the solved examples of mental math subtraction for a better understanding of the concept. Also, refer: Mental Math Addition; Mental Math Subtraction

  19. PDF Mental Math Addition and Subtraction

    Mental Math Addition and Subtraction If any of your students don't know their addition and subtraction facts, teach them to add and ... using drills, games and flash cards. There are mental math strategies that make addition and subtraction easier: some effective strategies are taught in the next section. (Until your students know all their ...

  20. PDF Fourth Grade Addition & Subtraction Strategy Guide

    This guide is intended as a reference guide for the various mental math strategies that are best-suited to your particular grade level. It can be really confusing to teach math strategies. How do you integrate them? ... Grade Addition Station and The Fourth Grade Subtraction Station, which will reinforce all of the strategies that are outlined ...

  21. How to get better at mental math

    Mental math is the ability to calculate math in your head without working it out on paper or needing memory aids, such as a multiplication chart. It requires basic number sense to complete calculations quickly.. The ability to perform mental math has been found to improve speed of thought and increase accuracy when completing math problems. Most importantly, it can improve a child's ...

  22. Mental Strategies

    Level 2 - Mental strategies for subtraction. Level 3 - Mental strategies for multiplication. Level 4 - Mental strategies for division. More Mental Methods including lesson Starters, visual aids, investigations and self-marking exercises. Answers to this exercise are available lower down this page when you are logged in to your Transum account ...

  23. Mental Maths Strategies

    This set of Mental Maths posters covers a range of mental Maths strategies that can be used for addition, multiplication and subtraction questions. Show more Related Searches mental maths mental maths strategies mental subtraction maths mental maths grade 2 subtraction strategies Ratings & Reviews Curriculum Links Make a Request Resource Updates

  24. Mental Maths Strategies

    This set of Mental Maths Posters cover a range of mental Maths strategies that can be used for addition, multiplication and subtraction questions. Strategies include counting on, counting back and number pairs to 10, and more! All with their own dedicated poster that can be hung as part of a mental maths display. Here's some of the mental Maths strategies included in these posters ...