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Should Animals Be Used for Research: an Argumentative Perspective

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animal research argumentative essay

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  • J Prev Med Hyg
  • v.63(2 Suppl 3); 2022 Jun

Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation

Aysha karim kiani.

1 Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan

2 MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy

DEREK PHEBY

3 Society and Health, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, UK

GARY HENEHAN

4 School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

RICHARD BROWN

5 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

PAUL SIEVING

6 Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

PETER SYKORA

7 Department of Philosophy and Applied Philosophy, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia

ROBERT MARKS

8 Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

BENEDETTO FALSINI

9 Institute of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy

NATALE CAPODICASA

10 MAGI BALKANS, Tirana, Albania

STANISLAV MIERTUS

11 Department of Biotechnology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia

12 International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia

LORENZO LORUSSO

13 UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Lecco, Merate, Italy

DANIELE DONDOSSOLA

14 Center for Preclincal Research and General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

15 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

GIANLUCA MARTINO TARTAGLIA

16 Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

17 UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN

18 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus

MUNIS DUNDAR

19 Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey

SANDRO MICHELINI

20 Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy

DANIELE MALACARNE

21 MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy

GABRIELE BONETTI

Astrit dautaj, kevin donato, maria chiara medori, tommaso beccari.

22 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

MICHELE SAMAJA

23 MAGI GROUP, San Felice del Benaco (BS), Italy

STEPHEN THADDEUS CONNELLY

24 San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

DONALD MARTIN

25 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, SyNaBi, Grenoble, France

ASSUNTA MORRESI

26 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

ARIOLA BACU

27 Department of Biotechnology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

KAREN L. HERBST

28 Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills California and Tucson Arizona, USA

MYKHAYLO KAPUSTIN

29 Federation of the Jewish Communities of Slovakia

LIBORIO STUPPIA

30 Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy

LUDOVICA LUMER

31 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK

GIAMPIETRO FARRONATO

Matteo bertelli.

32 MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA

Animal experimentation is widely used around the world for the identification of the root causes of various diseases in humans and animals and for exploring treatment options. Among the several animal species, rats, mice and purpose-bred birds comprise almost 90% of the animals that are used for research purpose. However, growing awareness of the sentience of animals and their experience of pain and suffering has led to strong opposition to animal research among many scientists and the general public. In addition, the usefulness of extrapolating animal data to humans has been questioned. This has led to Ethical Committees’ adoption of the ‘four Rs’ principles (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement and Responsibility) as a guide when making decisions regarding animal experimentation. Some of the essential considerations for humane animal experimentation are presented in this review along with the requirement for investigator training. Due to the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in experimentation, their use is declining in those research areas where alternative in vitro or in silico methods are available. However, so far it has not been possible to dispense with experimental animals completely and further research is needed to provide a road map to robust alternatives before their use can be fully discontinued.

How to cite this article: Kiani AK, Pheby D, Henehan G, Brown R, Sieving P, Sykora P, Marks R, Falsini B, Capodicasa N, Miertus S, Lorusso L, Dondossola D, Tartaglia GM, Ergoren MC, Dundar M, Michelini S, Malacarne D, Bonetti G, Dautaj A, Donato K, Medori MC, Beccari T, Samaja M, Connelly ST, Martin D, Morresi A, Bacu A, Herbst KL, Kapustin M, Stuppia L, Lumer L, Farronato G, Bertelli M. Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation. J Prev Med Hyg 2022;63(suppl.3):E255-E266. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2768

Introduction

Animal model-based research has been performed for a very long time. Ever since the 5 th century B.C., reports of experiments involving animals have been documented, but an increase in the frequency of their utilization has been observed since the 19 th century [ 1 ]. Most institutions for medical research around the world use non-human animals as experimental subjects [ 2 ]. Such animals might be used for research experimentations to gain a better understanding of human diseases or for exploring potential treatment options [ 2 ]. Even those animals that are evolutionarily quite distant from humans, such as Drosophila melanogaster , Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and Caenorhabditis elegans , share physiological and genetic similarities with human beings [ 2 ]; therefore animal experimentation can be of great help for the advancement of medical science [ 2 ].

For animal experimentation, the major assumption is that the animal research will be of benefit to humans. There are many reasons that highlight the significance of animal use in biomedical research. One of the major reasons is that animals and humans share the same biological processes. In addition, vertebrates have many anatomical similarities (all vertebrates have lungs, a heart, kidneys, liver and other organs) [ 3 ]. Therefore, these similarities make certain animals more suitable for experiments and for providing basic training to young researchers and students in different fields of biological and biomedical sciences [ 3 ]. Certain animals are susceptible to various health problems that are similar to human diseases such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease [ 4 ]. Furthermore, there are genetically modified animals that are used to obtain pathological phenotypes [ 5 ]. A significant benefit of animal experimentation is that test species can be chosen that have a much shorter life cycle than humans. Therefore, animal models can be studied throughout their life span and for several successive generations, an essential element for the understanding of disease progression along with its interaction with the whole organism throughout its lifetime [ 6 ].

Animal models often play a critical role in helping researchers who are exploring the efficacy and safety of potential medical treatments and drugs. They help to identify any dangerous or undesired side effects, such as birth defects, infertility, toxicity, liver damage or any potential carcinogenic effects [ 7 ]. Currently, U.S. Federal law, for example, requires that non-human animal research is used to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of any new treatment options before proceeding to trials on humans [ 8 ]. Of course, it is not only humans benefit from this research and testing, since many of the drugs and treatments that are developed for humans are routinely used in veterinary clinics, which help animals live longer and healthier lives [ 4 ].

COVID-19 AND THE NEED FOR ANIMAL MODELS

When COVID-19 struck, there was a desperate need for research on the disease, its effects on the brain and body and on the development of new treatments for patients with the disease. Early in the disease it was noticed that those with the disease suffered a loss of smell and taste, as well as neurological and psychiatric symptoms, some of which lasted long after the patients had “survived” the disease [ 9-15 ]. As soon as the pandemic started, there was a search for appropriate animal models in which to study this unknown disease [ 16 , 17 ]. While genetically modified mice and rats are the basic animal models for neurological and immunological research [ 18 , 19 ] the need to understand COVID-19 led to a range of animal models; from fruit flies [ 20 ] and Zebrafish [ 21 ] to large mammals [ 22 , 23 ] and primates [ 24 , 25 ]. And it was just not one animal model that was needed, but many, because different aspects of the disease are best studied in different animal models [ 16 , 25 , 26 ]. There is also a need to study the transmission pathways of the zoonosis: where does it come from, what are the animal hosts and how is it transferred to humans [ 27 ]?

There has been a need for animal models for understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 [ 28 ], for studying the mechanisms of transmission of the disease [ 16 ], for studying its neurobiology [ 29 , 30 ] and for developing new vaccines [ 31 ]. The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fact that animal research is necessary, and that the curtailment of such research has serious consequences for the health of both humans and animals, both wild and domestic [ 32 ] As highlighted by Adhikary et al. [ 22 ] and Genzel et al. [ 33 ] the coronavirus has made clear the necessity for animal research and the danger in surviving future such pandemics if animal research is not fully supported. Genzel et al. [ 33 ], in particular, take issue with the proposal for a European ban on animal testing. Finally, there is a danger in bypassing animal research in developing new vaccines for diseases such as COVID-19 [ 34 ]. The purpose of this paper is to show that, while animal research is necessary for the health of both humans and animals, there is a need to carry out such experimentation in a controlled and humane manner. The use of alternatives to animal research such as cultured human cells and computer modeling may be a useful adjunct to animal studies but will require that such methods are more readily accessible to researchers and are not a replacement for animal experimentation.

Pros and cons of animal experimentation

Arguments against animal experimentation.

A fundamental question surrounding this debate is to ask whether it is appropriate to use animals for medical research. Is our acceptance that animals have a morally lower value or standard of life just a case of speciesism [ 35 ]? Nowadays, most people agree that animals have a moral status and that needlessly hurting or abusing pets or other animals is unacceptable. This represents something of a change from the historical point of view where animals did not have any moral status and the treatment of animals was mostly subservient to maintaining the health and dignity of humans [ 36 ].

Animal rights advocates strongly argue that the moral status of non-human animals is similar to that of humans, and that animals are entitled to equality of treatment. In this view, animals should be treated with the same level of respect as humans, and no one should have the right to force them into any service or to kill them or use them for their own goals. One aspect of this argument claims that moral status depends upon the capacity to suffer or enjoy life [ 37 ].

In terms of suffering and the capacity of enjoying life, many animals are not very different from human beings, as they can feel pain and experience pleasure [ 38 ]. Hence, they should be given the same moral status as humans and deserve equivalent treatment. Supporters of this argument point out that according animals a lower moral status than humans is a type of prejudice known as “speciesism” [ 38 ]. Among humans, it is widely accepted that being a part of a specific race or of a specific gender does not provide the right to ascribe a lower moral status to the outsiders. Many advocates of animal rights deploy the same argument, that being human does not give us sufficient grounds declare animals as being morally less significant [ 36 ].

ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

Those who support animal experimentation have frequently made the argument that animals cannot be elevated to be seen as morally equal to humans [ 39 ]. Their main argument is that the use of the terms “moral status” or “morality” is debatable. They emphasize that we must not make the error of defining a quality or capacity associated with an animal by using the same adjectives used for humans [ 39 ]. Since, for the most part, animals do not possess humans’ cognitive capabilities and lack full autonomy (animals do not appear to rationally pursue specific goals in life), it is argued that therefore, they cannot be included in the moral community [ 39 ]. It follows from this line of argument that, if animals do not possess the same rights as human beings, their use in research experimentation can be considered appropriate [ 40 ]. The European and the American legislation support this kind of approach as much as their welfare is respected.

Another aspect of this argument is that the benefits to human beings of animal experimentation compensate for the harm caused to animals by these experiments.

In other words, animal harm is morally insignificant compared to the potential benefits to humans. Essentially, supporters of animal experimentation claim that human beings have a higher moral status than animals and that animals lack certain fundamental rights accorded to humans. The potential violations of animal rights during animal research are, in this way, justified by the greater benefits to mankind [ 40 , 41 ]. A way to evaluate when the experiments are morally justified was published in 1986 by Bateson, which developed the Bateson’s Cube [ 42 ]. The Cube has three axes: suffering, certainty of benefit and quality of research. If the research is high-quality, beneficial, and not inflicting suffering, it will be acceptable. At the contrary, painful, low-quality research with lower likelihood of success will not be acceptable [ 42 , 43 ].

Impact of experimentations on animals

Ability to feel pain and distress.

Like humans, animal have certain physical as well as psychological characteristics that make their use for experimentation controversial [ 44 ].

In the last few decades, many studies have increased knowledge of animal awareness and sentience: they indicate that animals have greater potential to experience damage than previously appreciated and that current rights and protections need to be reconsidered [ 45 ]. In recent times, scientists as well as ethicists have broadly acknowledged that animals can also experience distress and pain [ 46 ]. Potential sources of such harm arising from their use in research include disease, basic physiological needs deprivation and invasive procedures [ 46 ]. Moreover, social deprivation and lack of the ability to carry out their natural behaviors are other causes of animal harm [ 46 ]. Several studies have shown that, even in response to very gentle handling and management, animals can show marked alterations in their physiological and hormonal stress markers [ 47 ].

In spite of the fact that suffering and pain are personalized experiences, several multi-disciplinary studies have provided clear evidence of animals experiencing pain and distress. In particular, some animal species have the ability to express pain similarly to human due to common psychological, neuroanatomical and genetic characteristics [ 48 ]. Similarly, animals share a resemblance to humans in their developmental, genetic and environmental risk factors for psychopathology. For instance, in many species, it has been shown that fear operates within a less organized subcortical neural circuit than pain [ 49 , 50 ]. Various types of depression and anxiety disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder have also been reported in mammals [ 51 ].

PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES OF ANIMALS

Some researchers have suggested that besides their ability to experience physical and psychological pain and distress, some animals also exhibit empathy, self-awareness and language-like capabilities. They also demonstrate tools-linked cognizance, pleasure-seeking and advanced problem-solving skills [ 52 ]. Moreover, mammals and birds exhibit playful behavior, an indicator of the capacity to experience pleasure. Other taxa such as reptiles, cephalopods and fishes have also been observed to display playful behavior, therefore the current legislation prescribes the use of environmental enrichers [ 53 ]. The presence of self-awareness ability, as assessed by mirror self-recognition, has been reported in magpies, chimpanzees and other apes, and certain cetaceans [ 54 ]. Recently, another study has revealed that crows have the ability to create and use tools that involve episodic-like memory formation and its retrieval. From these findings, it may be suggested that crows as well as related species show evidence of flexible learning strategies, causal reasoning, prospection and imagination that are similar to behavior observed in great apes [ 55 ]. In the context of resolving the ethical dilemmas about animal experimentation, these observations serve to highlight the challenges involved [ 56 , 57 ].

Ethics, principles and legislation in animal experimentation

Ethics in animal experimentation.

Legislation around animal research is based on the idea of the moral acceptability of the proposed experiments under specific conditions [ 58 ]. The significance of research ethics that ensures proper treatment of experimental animals [ 58 ]. To avoid undue suffering of animals, it is important to follow ethical considerations during animal studies [ 1 ]. It is important to provide best human care to these animals from the ethical and scientific point of view [ 1 ]. Poor animal care can lead to experimental outcomes [ 1 ]. Thus, if experimental animals mistreated, the scientific knowledge and conclusions obtained from experiments may be compromised and may be difficult to replicate, a hallmark of scientific research [ 1 ]. At present, most ethical guidelines work on the assumption that animal experimentation is justified because of the significant potential benefits to human beings. These guidelines are often permissive of animal experimentation regardless of the damage to the animal as long as human benefits are achieved [ 59 ].

PRINCIPLE OF THE 4 RS

Although animal experimentation has resulted in many discoveries and helped in the understanding numerous aspects of biological science, its use in various sectors is strictly controlled. In practice, the proposed set of animal experiments is usually considered by a multidisciplinary Ethics Committee before work can commence [ 60 ]. This committee will review the research protocol and make a judgment as to its sustainability. National and international laws govern the utilization of animal experimentation during research and these laws are mostly based on the universal doctrine presented by Russell and Burch (1959) known as principle of the 3 Rs. The 3Rs referred to are Reduction, Refinement and Replacement, and are applied to protocols surrounding the use of animals in research. Some researchers have proposed another “R”, of responsibility for the experimental animal as well as for the social and scientific status of the animal experiments [ 61 ]. Thus, animal ethics committees commonly review research projects with reference to the 4 Rs principles [ 62 ].

The first “R”, Reduction means that the experimental design is examined to ensure that researchers have reduced the number of experimental animals in a research project to the minimum required for reliable data [ 59 ]. Methods used for this purpose include improved experimental design, extensive literature search to avoid duplication of experiments [ 35 ], use of advanced imaging techniques, sharing resources and data, and appropriate statistical data analysis that reduce the number of animals needed for statistically significant results [ 2 , 63 ].

The second “R”, Refinement involves improvements in procedure that minimize the harmful effects of the proposed experiments on the animals involved, such as reducing pain, distress and suffering in a manner that leads to a general improvement in animal welfare. This might include for example improved living conditions for research animals, proper training of people handling animals, application of anesthesia and analgesia when required and the need for euthanasia of the animals at the end of the experiment to curtail their suffering [ 63 ].

The third “R”, Replacement refers to approaches that replace or avoid the use of experimental animals altogether. These approaches involve use of in silico methods/computerized techniques/software and in vitro methods like cell and tissue culture testing, as well as relative replacement methods by use of invertebrates like nematode worms, fruit flies and microorganisms in place of vertebrates and higher animals [ 1 ]. Examples of proper application of these first “3R2 principles are the use of alternative sources of blood, the exploitation of commercially used animals for scientific research, a proper training without use of animals and the use of specimen from previous experiments for further researches [ 64-67 ].

The fourth “R”, Responsibility refers to concerns around promoting animal welfare by improvements in experimental animals’ social life, development of advanced scientific methods for objectively determining sentience, consciousness, experience of pain and intelligence in the animal kingdom, as well as effective involvement in the professionalization of the public discussion on animal ethics [ 68 ].

OTHER ASPECTS OF ANIMAL RESEARCH ETHICS

Other research ethics considerations include having a clear rationale and reasoning for the use of animals in a research project. Researchers must have reasonable expectation of generating useful data from the proposed experiment. Moreover, the research study should be designed in such a way that it should involve the lowest possible sample size of experimental animals while producing statistically significant results [ 35 ].

All individual researchers that handle experimental animals should be properly trained for handling the particular species involved in the research study. The animal’s pain, suffering and discomfort should be minimized [ 69 ]. Animals should be given proper anesthesia when required and surgical procedures should not be repeated on same animal whenever possible [ 69 ]. The procedure of humane handling and care of experimental animals should be explicitly detailed in the research study protocol. Moreover, whenever required, aseptic techniques should be properly followed [ 70 ]. During the research, anesthetization and surgical procedures on experimental animals should only be performed by professionally skilled individuals [ 69 ].

The Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines that are issued by the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) are designed to improve the documentation surrounding research involving experimental animals [ 70 ]. The checklist provided includes the information required in the various sections of the manuscript i.e. study design, ethical statements, experimental procedures, experimental animals and their housing and husbandry, and more [ 70 ].

It is critical to follow the highest ethical standards while performing animal experiments. Indeed, most of the journals refuse to publish any research data that lack proper ethical considerations [ 35 ].

INVESTIGATORS’ ETHICS

Since animals have sensitivity level similar to the human beings in terms of pain, anguish, survival instinct and memory, it is the responsibility of the investigator to closely monitor the animals that are used and identify any sign of distress [ 71 ]. No justification can rationalize the absence of anesthesia or analgesia in animals that undergo invasive surgery during the research [ 72 ]. Investigators are also responsible for giving high-quality care to the experimental animals, including the supply of a nutritious diet, easy water access, prevention of and relief from any pain, disease and injury, and appropriate housing facilities for the animal species [ 73 ]. A research experiment is not permitted if the damage caused to the animal exceeds the value of knowledge gained by that experiment. No scientific advancement based on the destruction and sufferings of another living being could be justified. Besides ensuring the welfare of animals involved, investigators must also follow the applicable legislation [ 74 , 75 ].

To promote the comfort of experimental animals in England, an animal protection society named: ‘The Society for the Preservation of Cruelty to Animals’ (now the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) was established (1824) that aims to prevent cruelty to animal [ 76 ].

ANIMAL WELFARE LAWS

Legislation for animal protection during research has long been established. In 1876 the British Parliament sanctioned the ‘Cruelty to Animals Act’ for animal protection. Russell and Burch (1959) presented the ‘3 Rs’ principles: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, for use of animals during research [ 61 ]. Almost seven years later, the U.S.A also adopted regulations for the protection of experimental animals by enacting the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966 [ 60 ]. In Brazil, the Arouca Law (Law No. 11,794/08) regulates the animal use in scientific research experiments [ 76 ].

These laws define the breeding conditions, and regulate the use of animals for scientific research and teaching purposes. Such legal provisions control the use of anesthesia, analgesia or sedation in experiments that could cause distress or pain to experimental animals [ 59 , 76 ]. These laws also stress the need for euthanasia when an experiment is finished, or even during the experiment if there is any intense suffering for the experimental animal [ 76 ].

Several national and international organizations have been established to develop alternative techniques so that animal experimentation can be avoided, such as the UK-based National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) ( www.caat.jhsph.edu ), the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) [ 77 ], the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) ( www.ufaw.org.uk ), The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) [ 78 ], and The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) ( www.caat.jhsph.edu ). The Brazilian ‘Arouca Law’ also constitutes a milestone, as it has created the ‘National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation’ (CONCEA) that deals with the legal and ethical issues related to the use of experimental animals during scientific research [ 76 ].

Although national as well as international laws and guidelines have provided basic protections for experimental animals, the current regulations have some significant discrepancies. In the U.S., the Animal Welfare Act excludes rats, mice and purpose-bred birds, even though these species comprise almost 90% of the animals that are used for research purpose [ 79 ]. On the other hand, certain cats and dogs are getting special attention along with extra protection. While the U.S. Animal Welfare Act ignores birds, mice and rats, the U.S. guidelines that control research performed using federal funding ensure protections for all vertebrates [ 79 , 80 ].

Living conditions of animals

Choice of the animal model.

Based on all the above laws and regulations and in line with the deliberations of ethical committees, every researcher must follow certain rules when dealing with animal models.

Before starting any experimental work, thorough research should be carried out during the study design phase so that the unnecessary use of experimental animals is avoided. Nevertheless, certain research studies may have compelling reasons for the use of animal models, such as the investigation of human diseases and toxicity tests. Moreover, animals are also widely used in the training of health professionals as well as in training doctors in surgical skills [ 1 , 81 ].

Researcher should be well aware of the specific traits of the animal species they intend to use in the experiment, such as its developmental stages, physiology, nutritional needs, reproductive characteristics and specific behaviors. Animal models should be selected on the basis of the study design and the biological relevance of the animal [ 1 ].

Typically, in early research, non-mammalian models are used to get rapid insights into research problems such as the identification of gene function or the recognition of novel therapeutic options. Thus, in biomedical and biological research, among the most commonly used model organisms are the Zebrafish, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The main advantage of these non-mammalian animal models is their prolific reproducibility along with their much shorter generation time. They can be easily grown in any laboratory setting, are less expensive than the murine animal models and are somewhat more powerful than the tissue and cell culture approaches [ 82 ].

Caenorhabditis elegans is a small-sized nematode with a short life cycle and that exists in large populations and is relatively inexpensive to cultivate. Scientists have gathered extensive knowledge of the genomics and genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans ; but Caenorhabditis elegans models, while very useful in some respects, are unable to represent all signaling pathways found in humans. Furthermore, due to its short life cycle, scientists are unable to investigate long term effects of test compounds or to analyze primary versus secondary effects [ 6 ].

Similarly, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has played a key role in numerous biomedical discoveries. It is small in size, has a short life cycle and large population size, is relatively inexpensive to breed, and extensive genomics and genetics information is available [ 6 ]. However, its respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems differ considerably from human beings. In addition, its immune system is less developed when compared to vertebrates, which is why effectiveness of a drug in Drosophila melanogaster may not be easily extrapolated to humans [ 83 ].

The Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is a small freshwater teleost, with transparent embryos, providing easy access for the observation of organogenesis and its manipulation. Therefore, Zebrafish embryos are considered good animal models for different human diseases like tuberculosis and fetal alcohol syndrome and are useful as neurodevelopmental research models. However, Zebrafish has very few mutant strains available, and its genome has numerous duplicate genes making it impossible to create knockout strains, since disrupting one copy of the gene will not disrupt the second copy of that gene. This feature limits the use of Zebrafish as animal models to study human diseases. Additionally they are rather expensive, have long life cycle, and genomics and genetics studies are still in progress [ 82 , 84 ].

Thus, experimentation on these three animals might not be equivalent to experimentation on mammals. Mammalian animal model are most similar to human beings, so targeted gene replacement is possible. Traditionally, mammals like monkey and mice have been the preferred animal models for biomedical research because of their evolutionary closeness to humans. Rodents, particularly mice and rats, are the most frequently used animal models for scientific research. Rats are the most suitable animal model for the study of obesity, shock, peritonitis, sepsis, cancer, intestinal operations, spleen, gastric ulcers, mononuclear phagocytic system, organ transplantations and wound healing. Mice are more suitable for studying burns, megacolon, shock, cancer, obesity, and sepsis as mentioned previously [ 85 ].

Similarly, pigs are mostly used for stomach, liver and transplantation studies, while rabbits are suitable for the study of immunology, inflammation, vascular biology, shock, colitis and transplantations. Thus, the choice of experimental animal mainly depends upon the field of scientific research under consideration [ 1 ].

HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT

Researchers should be aware of the environment and conditions in which laboratory animals are kept during research, and they also need to be familiar with the metabolism of the animals kept in vivarium, since their metabolism can easily be altered by different factors such as pain, stress, confinement, lack of sunlight, etc. Housing conditions alter animal behavior, and this can in turn affect experimental results. By contrast, handling procedures that feature environmental enrichment and enhancement help to decrease stress and positively affect the welfare of the animals and the reliability of research data [ 74 , 75 ].

In animals, distress- and agony-causing factors should be controlled or eliminated to overcome any interference with data collection as well as with interpretation of the results, since impaired animal welfare leads to more animal usage during experiment, decreased reliability and increased discrepancies in results along with the unnecessary consumption of animal lives [ 86 ].

To reduce the variation or discrepancies in experimental data caused by various environmental factors, experimental animals must be kept in an appropriate and safe place. In addition, it is necessary to keep all variables like humidity, airflow and temperature at levels suitable for those species, as any abrupt variation in these factors could cause stress, reduced resistance and increased susceptibility to infections [ 74 ].

The space allotted to experimental animals should permit them free movement, proper sleep and where feasible allow for interaction with other animals of the same species. Mice and rats are quite sociable animals and must, therefore, be housed in groups for the expression of their normal behavior. Usually, laboratory cages are not appropriate for the behavioral needs of the animals. Therefore, environmental enrichment is an important feature for the expression of their natural behavior that will subsequently affect their defense mechanisms and physiology [ 87 ].

The features of environmental enrichment must satisfy the animals’ sense of curiosity, offer them fun activities, and also permit them to fulfill their behavioral and physiological needs. These needs include exploring, hiding, building nests and gnawing. For this purpose, different things can be used in their environment, such as PVC tubes, cardboard, igloos, paper towel, cotton, disposable masks and paper strips [ 87 ].

The environment used for housing of animals must be continuously controlled by appropriate disinfection, hygiene protocols, sterilization and sanitation processes. These steps lead to a reduction in the occurrence of various infectious agents that often found in vivarium, such as Sendai virus, cestoda and Mycoplasma pulmonis [ 88 ].

Euthanasia is a term derived from Greek, and it means a death without any suffering. According to the Brazilian Arouca Law (Article 14, Chapter IV, Paragraphs 1 and 2), an animal should undergo euthanasia, in strict compliance with the requirements of each species, when the experiment ends or during any phase of the experiment, wherever this procedure is recommended and/or whenever serious suffering occurs. If the animal does not undergo euthanasia after the intervention it may leave the vivarium and be assigned to suitable people or to the animal protection bodies, duly legalized [ 1 ].

Euthanasia procedures must result in instant loss of consciousness which leads to respiratory or cardiac arrest as well as to complete brain function impairment. Another important aspect of this procedure is calm handling of the animal while taking it out of its enclosure, to reduce its distress, suffering, anxiety and fear. In every research project, the study design should include the details of the appropriate endpoints of these experimental animals, and also the methods that will be adopted. It is important to determine the appropriate method of euthanasia for the animal being used. Another important point is that, after completing the euthanasia procedure, the animal’s death should be absolutely confirmed before discarding their bodies [ 87 , 89 ].

Relevance of animal experimentations and possible alternatives

Relevance of animal experiments and their adverse effects on human health.

One important concern is whether human diseases, when inflicted on experimental animals, adequately mimic the progressions of the disease and the treatment responses observed in humans. Several research articles have made comparisons between human and animal data, and indicated that the results of animals’ research could not always be reliably replicated in clinical research among humans. The latest systematic reviews about the treatment of different clinical conditions including neurology, vascular diseases and others, have established that the results of animal studies cannot properly predict human outcomes [ 59 , 90 ].

At present, the reliability of animal experiments for extrapolation to human health is questionable. Harmful effects may occur in humans because of misleading results from research conducted on animals. For instance, during the late fifties, a sedative drug, thalidomide, was prescribed for pregnant women, but some of the women using that drug gave birth to babies lacking limbs or with foreshortened limbs, a condition called phocomelia. When thalidomide had been tested on almost all animal models such as rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, cats, hamsters, armadillos, ferrets, swine, guinea pig, etc., this teratogenic effect was observed only occasionally [ 91 ]. Similarly, in 2006, the compound TGN 1412 was designed as an immunomodulatory drug, but when it was injected into six human volunteer, serious adverse reactions were observed resulting from a deadly cytokine storm that in turn led to disastrous systemic organ failure. TGN 1412 had been tested successfully in rats, mice, rabbits, and non-human primates [ 92 ]. Moreover, Bailey (2008) reported 90 HIV vaccines that had successful trial results in animals but which failed in human beings [ 93 ]. Moreover, in Parkinson disease, many therapeutic options that have shown promising results in rats and non-human primate models have proved harmful in humans. Hence, to analyze the relevance of animal research to human health, the efficacy of animal experimentation should be examined systematically [ 94 , 95 ]. At the same time, the development of hyperoxaluria and renal failure (up to dialysis) after ileal-jejunal bypass was unexpected because this procedure was not preliminarily evaluated on an animal model [ 96 ].

Several factors play a role in the extrapolation of animal-derived data to humans, such as environmental conditions and physiological parameters related to stress, age of the experimental animals, etc. These factors could switch on or off genes in the animal models that are specific to species and/or strains. All these observations challenge the reliability and suitability of animal experimentation as well as its objectives with respect to human health [ 76 , 92 ].

ALTERNATIVE TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS AND TECHNIQUES TO AVOID ANIMAL SACRIFICE IN RESEARCH

Certainly, in vivo animal experimentation has significantly contributed to the development of biological and biomedical research. However it has the limitations of strict ethical issues and high production cost. Some scientists consider animal testing an ineffective and immoral practice and therefore prefer alternative techniques to be used instead of animal experimentation. These alternative methods involve in vitro experiments and ex vivo models like cell and tissue cultures, use of plants and vegetables, non-invasive human clinical studies, use of corpses for studies, use of microorganisms or other simpler organism like shrimps and water flea larvae, physicochemical techniques, educational software, computer simulations, mathematical models and nanotechnology [ 97 ]. These methods and techniques are cost-effective and could efficiently replace animal models. They could therefore, contribute to animal welfare and to the development of new therapies that can identify the therapeutics and related complications at an early stage [ 1 ].

The National Research Council (UK) suggested a shift from the animal models toward computational models, as well as high-content and high-throughput in vitro methods. Their reports highlighted that these alternative methods could produce predictive data more affordably, accurately and quickly than the traditional in vivo or experimental animal methods [ 98 ].

Increasingly, scientists and the review boards have to assess whether addressing a research question using the applied techniques of advanced genetics, molecular, computational and cell biology, and biochemistry could be used to replace animal experiments [ 59 ]. It must be remembered that each alternative method must be first validated and then registered in dedicated databases.

An additional relevant concern is how precisely animal data can mirror relevant epigenetic changes and human genetic variability. Langley and his colleagues have highlighted some of the examples of existing and some emerging non-animal based research methods in the advanced fields of neurology, orthodontics, infectious diseases, immunology, endocrine, pulmonology, obstetrics, metabolism and cardiology [ 99 ].

IN SILICO SIMULATIONS AND INFORMATICS

Several computer models have been built to study cardiovascular risk and atherosclerotic plaque build-up, to model human metabolism, to evaluate drug toxicity and to address other questions that were previously approached by testing in animals [ 100 ].

Computer simulations can potentially decrease the number of experiments required for a research project, however simulations cannot completely replace laboratory experiments. Unfortunately, not all the principles regulating biological systems are known, and computer simulation provide only an estimation of possible effects due to the limitations of computer models in comparison with complex human tissues. However, simulation and bio-informatics are now considered essential in all fields of science for their efficiency in using the existing knowledge for further experimental designs [ 76 ].

At present, biological macromolecules are regularly simulated at various levels of detail, to predict their response and behavior under certain physical conditions, chemical exposures and stimulations. Computational and bioinformatic simulations have significantly reduced the number of animals sacrificed during drug discovery by short listing potential candidate molecules for a drug. Likewise, computer simulations have decreased the number of animal experiments required in other areas of biological science by efficiently using the existing knowledge. Moreover, the development of high definition 3D computer models for anatomy with enhanced level of detail, it may make it possible to reduce or eliminate the need for animal dissection during teaching [ 101 , 102 ].

3D CELL-CULTURE MODELS AND ORGANS-ON-CHIPS

In the current scenario of rapid advancement in the life sciences, certain tissue models can be built using 3D cell culture technology. Indeed, there are some organs on micro-scale chip models used for mimicking the human body environment. 3D models of multiple organ systems such as heart, liver, skin, muscle, testis, brain, gut, bone marrow, lungs and kidney, in addition to individual organs, have been created in microfluidic channels, re-creating the physiological chemical and physical microenvironments of the body [ 103 ]. These emerging techniques, such as the biomedical/biological microelectromechanical system (Bio-MEMS) or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (lTAS) will, in the future, be a useful substitute for animal experimentation in commercial laboratories in the biotechnology, environmental safety, chemistry and pharmaceutical industries. For 3D cell culture modeling, cells are grown in 3D spheroids or aggregates with the help of a scaffold or matrix, or sometimes using a scaffold-free method. The 3D cell culture modeling conditions can be altered to add proteins and other factors that are found in a tumor microenvironment, for example, or in particular tissues. These matrices contain extracellular matrix components such as proteins, glycoconjugates and glycosaminoglycans that allow for cell communication, cell to cell contact and the activation of signaling pathways in such a way that the morphological and functional differentiation of these cells can accurately mimic their environment in vivo . This methodology, in time, will bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro drug screening, decreasing the utilization of animal models during research [ 104 ].

ALTERNATIVES TO MICROBIAL CULTURE MEDIA AND SERUM-FREE ANIMAL CELL CULTURES

There are moves to reduce the use of animal derived products in many areas of biotechnology. Microbial culture media peptones are mostly made by the proteolysis of farmed animal meat. However, nowadays, various suppliers provide peptones extracted from yeast and plants. Although the costs of these plant-extracted peptones are the same as those of animal peptones, plant peptones are more environmentally favorable since less plant material and water are required for them to grow, compared with the food grain and fodder needed for cattle that are slaughtered for animal peptone production [ 105 ].

Human cell culture is often carried out in a medium that contains fetal calf serum, the production of which involves animal (cow) sacrifice or suffering. In fact, living pregnant cows are used and their fetuses removed to harvest the serum from the fetal blood. Fetal calf serum is used because it is a natural medium rich in all the required nutrients and significantly increases the chances of successful cell growth in culture. Scientists are striving to identify the factors and nutrients required for the growth of various types of cells, with a view to eliminating the use of calf serum. At present, most cell lines could be cultured in a chemically-synthesized medium without using animal products. Furthermore, data from chemically-synthesized media experiments may have better reproducibility than those using animal serum media, since the composition of animal serum does change from batch to batch on the basis of animals’ gender, age, health and genetic background [ 76 ].

ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL-DERIVED ANTIBODIES

Animal friendly affinity reagents may act as an alternative to antibodies produced, thereby removing the need for animal immunization. Typically, these antibodies are obtained in vitro by yeast, phage or ribosome display. In a recent review, a comparative analysis between animal friendly affinity reagents and animal derived-antibodies showed that the affinity reagents have superior quality, are relatively less time consuming, have more reproducibility and are more reliable and are cost-effective [ 106 , 107 ].

Conclusions

Animal experimentation led to great advancement in biological and biomedical sciences and contributed to the discovery of many drugs and treatment options. However, such experimentation may cause harm, pain and distress to the animals involved. Therefore, to perform animal experimentations, certain ethical rules and laws must be strictly followed and there should be proper justification for using animals in research projects. Furthermore, during animal experimentation the 4 Rs principles of reduction, refinement, replacement and responsibility must be followed by the researchers. Moreover, before beginning a research project, experiments should be thoroughly planned and well-designed, and should avoid unnecessary use of animals. The reliability and reproducibility of animal experiments should also be considered. Whenever possible, alternative methods to animal experimentation should be adopted, such as in vitro experimentation, cadaveric studies, and computer simulations.

While much progress has been made on reducing animal experimentation there is a need for greater awareness of alternatives to animal experiments among scientists and easier access to advanced modeling technologies. Greater research is needed to define a roadmap that will lead to the elimination of all unnecessary animal experimentation and provide a framework for adoption of reliable alternative methodologies in biomedical research.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano in the framework of LP 15/2020 (dgp 3174/2021).

Conflicts of interest statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author's contributions

MB: study conception, editing and critical revision of the manuscript; AKK, DP, GH, RB, Paul S, Peter S, RM, BF, NC, SM, LL, DD, GMT, MCE, MD, SM, Daniele M, GB, AD, KD, MCM, TB, MS, STC, Donald M, AM, AB, KLH, MK, LS, LL, GF: literature search, editing and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Contributor Information

INTERNATIONAL BIOETHICS STUDY GROUP : Derek Pheby , Gary Henehan , Richard Brown , Paul Sieving , Peter Sykora , Robert Marks , Benedetto Falsini , Natale Capodicasa , Stanislav Miertus , Lorenzo Lorusso , Gianluca Martino Tartaglia , Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren , Munis Dundar , Sandro Michelini , Daniele Malacarne , Tommaso Beccari , Michele Samaja , Matteo Bertelli , Donald Martin , Assunta Morresi , Ariola Bacu , Karen L. Herbst , Mykhaylo Kapustin , Liborio Stuppia , Ludovica Lumer , and Giampietro Farronato

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Argumentative Essay Topics About Animals: 20+ Ideas (For 2023)

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by  Antony W

May 2, 2023

argumentative essay topics about animals

The guide to writing an argumentative essay about animals doesn’t change. You’ll use the same structure, which has an introduction, a body section, and a conclusion. You’ll outline your ideas and thoughts in a logical order and present reasonable evidence to support your claim based on your stance.

Before you start working on the essay, though, you’ll need to come up with the right topic to investigate. The most common approach to finding the best topic to explore is to brainstorm ideas. However, this can be time consuming and tedious, especially if you have to involve friends and other students in the brainstorming process.

To make things easy for you, we’ve put together a list of 30+ debatable topic ideas on animals. Now all you have to do is look through the list and choose a topic you’re confident you can explore within the respective timeframe.

Best Argumentative Essay Topics on Animals

The following is a list of 30 argumentative essay topics on animals. All you have to do is to go through the list and choose a topic you feel is worth exploring.

General Argumentative Essay Topics on Animals

  • Can humans improve the lives of captive animals?
  • Is it lawful to keep ocean marine in captivity?
  • Can humans fully protect the endangered species?
  • Animal fashion should be illegalized.
  • Is animal dissection a useful learning tool for students?
  • Can the cross breeding of animal be a sustainable business in the long-term?
  • Whaling should be outlawed globally.
  • Should people have exotic pets?
  • Is taking animals to a zoo an inhumane act?
  • The punishment for poaching wild animals should be increased.
  • Should animal keepers encourage the genetic modification of livestock
  • Is the genetic modification of domestic animals potentially dangerous for humans?
  • Are factory farms responsible for the active spread of influenza diseases among chicken and other domestic animals?
  • Is it right to use animal for medical studies and scientific experiments?
  • People should not use animals for the purpose of entertainment
  • Animals don’t have feelings
  • Do humans have the responsibility to protect the animals they use for medical or experimental tests?
  • Are companion animal good for people who are lonely?
  • Is it right to breed foxes into companion animals?
  • Can medics justify the concept of animal testing?
  • Is the tether of dogs outside an act of neglects and therefore inhumane?
  • Can aquarists keep fish in goldfish bowls without temperature controls or filters?
  • Animal dissection should be illegal
  • Is the factory farm treatment of animals an inhumane act?
  • Can you keep animals caught in the wild as pets?
  • You can wear leather or fur provided the animals were raised in humane conditions.
  • Is it right or acceptable to use higher animals like chimpanzees and monkeys in laboratory research?
  • Scientists should not use primates and sophisticated vertebrates in lab research
  • It’s unethical to do medical tests on human creatures
  • We should never take medicine if we must save animals from medical experiments

From general issues and cruelty to behavior and overall rights, you can write quite a lot about animals.

Sadly, the research process isn’t often as easy. So if you want to get the paper completed on time, but you’re already running late on the deadline, our argumentative essay writing service can be of good help. 

Our writers focus on custom writing, with the goal being to give you the best value by ensuring you have a complete draft that you can easily refine and transform into your own voice. You can order an essay here and we will help you get it written fast.

Argumentative Essay Topics on Animal Cruelty

  • Do animals spread infections once subjected to chemical tests in laboratory experiments?
  • Do lab technicians subject animals to inhumane treatment in laboratory experiments?
  • Is chemical application on animals the reason for their quick extinction?
  • International convention on animals are completely irrelevant
  • Biotechnology poses serious threats to animals
  • Should we enforce rules to protect animals against inhumane cruelty on legal grounds?
  • Tribal people harm animals more for their personal needs
  • People who don’t follow the rules created to save animals from human cruelty should be punished
  • Are developed countries less cruel towards animals compared to the underdeveloped states?
  • Should we propose alternatives to animal experiments?

Argumentative Essay Topics on Animal Behavior

  • Can the behavior of animals towards humans change if people treat them with love and passion for a long time?
  • Animal behavior towards human change due to the excessive exploitation done to them by humans.
  • Can humans receive compassion from animals in exchange for treating them well?
  • Are all animals harmless unless they get an instinct of a possible eminent danger towards them?
  • Do animals have a negative perception about human beings?

Argumentative Essay Topics on Animal Rights

  • There are no international laws that protect animals from harmful activities by humans
  • Are animal rights only valid in documents?
  • Developed countries respect animal rights more than developing countries do
  • Are the people responsible for making animal rights law the same individuals involved in putting animal lives in danger?
  • Many anima specie succumb to unnatural deaths on the hands of humans
  • Should there be a provision of proper care for the wounded animals?
  • Should we advocate for the banning of traditional practices
  • Are animal conventions taking enough action against the rich people who take part in exploiting animals?

Argumentative Essay Topics on Animal

  • The actions taken in the favor of animal species a mere show off.
  • Only the endangered species receive attention in the conservation of animals
  • Experts’ effort to converse and protect animal species are not successful by any means
  • The authorities are must on the exploitation of animal species that are about to be extinct
  • Are artificial habitats safe enough for the conservation of animal species in the endangered categories?
  • An animal species cannot breed in an artificial environment
  • Can we save almost extinct animal species from extinction by means of natural habitats?
  • Giving animals food and habitat is not enough to camping for their conservation

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Final Words

There you have it, a list of 30+ argumentative essay topics about animals that you can start to explore right away.

We’ve spent a lot of time brainstorming and looking these up so that you don’t have to spend your time doing the same.

We hope the list help you get the overall best topic to focus on if you choose to write an essay that argue about animals.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

Animal Testing Argumentative Essay: Guidelines

Argumentative Essay on Animal Testing

How to Write a Great Animal Testing Argumentative Essay?

Animal testing sample.

According to the statistical data, testing in the US is conducted on 26 million animals. Those animals are used for research in the field of commercial products and various scientific advancements. Besides, animals are used to test the latest medical treatment, check on the toxicity of drugs, and verify the level of safety that the products aimed at people will have. Animal testing is also in demand in the commercial industry and the area of health care. Since it is an issue of intense arguments whether it is ethically correct to use the animals in experiments, an animal testing argumentative essay is among the most popular topics at schools, colleges, and universities.

The idea to use animals in experiments is not new. Actually, it is a practice that dates back to 500 BC; and even at that time, there were those who supported this idea and those who were against it. The latter claim that it is cruel and inhumane to test the products using animals, and they call for the development of the new alternative techniques which will eliminate the need for animal testing.

Such organizations as PETA campaign in order to increase the range of relevant research and make the process of developing alternative testing methods faster and more efficient. It is reasonable that an animal testing essay of a student who supports this point of view will state the requirement to alleviate testing on animals. It will also contain an argument that animal testing does not ensure absolutely valid results as tests conducted on animals are different from those done to humans; that is why the question is whether animal testing has any practical sense at all.

Good Argumentative Essay Topics

On the other hand, an argumentative essay on animal testing can be written from the point of view of the advantages of the use of animals in medicine. It is wrong to hurt living beings, but it is necessary to test the safety of new products before using them for the benefit of people. Typically, rats are the first animals used for research. In case the tests prove to be effective, monkeys are the next subjects for a series of tests. Only if these experiments are successful, the product can be given to people.

An animal testing argumentative essay always mentions the benefit of reducing the number of errors and fatal mistakes owing to a round of tests on animals. It also mentions that the number of saved people’s lives is enormous owing to the sacrificed lives of animals. Actually, there is hardly any effective alternative to animal testing. Furthermore, it is subject to following strict regulations to ensure the prevention of all kinds of animal mistreatment.

In general, the debates over the use of animals in testing for medical research testing have been historically known for centuries. After the animal testing essay introduction, it is typical to present the claims of the proponents. They imply that there is no intentional harm in animal testing; moreover, the animals are well kept, fed, and treated nicely. Besides, they state that the absence of effective alternatives makes it impossible to eliminate this practice. They also emphasize the benefit of saving lives owing to animal testing. Nevertheless, certain environmental organizations aimed at the protection of animals call for no more animals in research and testing because of the cruel and inhumane practices.

Writing an animal testing argumentative essay outline , one should take into consideration that animal testing is a matter of various discussions. Thus, it is important to choose a certain position and focus the whole assignment on this point of view. A common task for the students is to work on an argumentative paper; thus, it is essential to determine and specify a definite position and then develop a thesis statement with the supporting arguments appropriately. For instance, if you make up your mind to look at the animal testing from the angle of supporting position, it is recommended to use the following arguments or similar ones.

Writing Prompts for Animal Testing Essays

Writing Prompts for Argumentative Essay on Animal Testing

Advantages to Write About in Animal Testing Essay

It is impossible to eliminate animal testing as it saves people’s lives.

According to medical researchers, the contribution of testing on animals in the advancement of health care and medicine cannot be overestimated. It is owing to the experiments conducted on animals, people can be treated for breast cancer, tuberculosis, diabetics, malaria, brain injury, and other diseases. Physicians also emphasize the role of chimpanzees in experiments aimed at looking for treatment for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

There Is No Alternative to Experimenting with Animals Because Its the Safest Testing Method Known

An animal testing essay conclusion always refers to the fact that the structure of animals’ organisms that resembles that of humans makes them the most suitable material for research in product testing in the fields of medicine and cosmetics. Animal and human bodies have identical or similar processes. There is an assumption that testing can be conducted on cell organisms, but it is doubtful that it will work, as those tissues cannot be tested for blindness or blood pressure issues.

Currently, animal testing is used as a model for computer programs that will probably substitute it in the future. The provided data prove to be accurate; however, living organisms cannot be replaced with less complex computer programs that do not ensure stimulation of the brain activity.

The Biological Similarity between Animal Species and People Is the Best

The organs of the mammals are identical to those of people; besides, there is a striking genetic closeness between them. The statistical data prove that the genetic similarity between the people and mammals can be up to 98%. Animals have the same bloodstream and central nervous systems with humans; that is why the susceptibility to diseases of both of them is similar.

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Ethical Side of Animal Testing

Each essay about animal testing contains an argument about checking of medical treatment for toxicity during the animal testing procedures. It is against all ethical norms to test a new medicine on people and risk their lives. Helsinki Medical Association claims that animal testing should always go before human experiments

Additional Benefits for Animals

As a result of vaccine testing on animals, not only people but animals are saved from terminal diseases. Besides, the development of new medical products contributes to the prevention of species extinction.

Animal Testing Has the Strict Regulations

Various animal testing essay examples demonstrate that there are strict regulations for experimenting with animals nowadays. A topical issue of present-day life is the protection of animal rights, and numerous organizations control the situation. It is important to make sure that there is neither violation of animal rights not the suffering of animals from abuse.

Further Advantages of Animal Testing

The life cycles of animals are shorter than those of people; thus, the experiments on them are more reasonable than those on humans. It is possible to observe all consequences and effects of certain drugs owing to short life cycles in the course of several years or even months.

Animal Testing Implies Humane Treatment

Some students even use the fact of humane treatment of animals in the animal testing essay title. Researchers always take into account the conditions and consequences of experiments and care about animals.

Disadvantages to Write About in Animal Testing Essay

A variety of animal testing essay topics implies considering different opinions of the pros and cons of those experiments. It is important to ensure the presence of alternative ideas to prevent all kinds of bias and ensure having different perspectives on the same issue.

Human societies have always been oriented at innovation and adaptability as desired features. On the other hand, old practices have the tendency of being kept by the researchers and organizations for a number of reasons. In an animal testing argumentative essay, the aspects should be explored in detail.

First of all, let us talk about the benefits.

Ethics in Animal Testing

If the essay is written in support of animal testing, this is one of the easiest points. Animals used for testing lack moral capabilities and conscious mind despite having their DNA equal to the human one in 98 %. A good animal testing essay title always mentions this somehow. Nevertheless, animals suffer and their agony can lead to death in some serious cases.

Try to explore the issues philosophically. Touch upon attributing value to people and animals. Mention the patients with mental illnesses who have no morality or consciousness. Consider the appropriateness of experimenting on such people along with the animals.

An efficient animal testing pros and cons essay should be based on a broad topic and numerous implications for analysis.

Availability of Alternatives

The progress cannot be stopped in the present-day world. It is normal now to get rid of outdated things and introduce innovations. In a perfect why animal testing should be banned essay, try to note that there are and there will be other ways to experiment on new products. For example, it is possible to cultivate human cells and do organ replication in the laboratories to use the obtained organs for testing of biological processes.

Right, all challenges in modern research cannot be addressed via cell testing; besides, the immune system, endocrine system, blood pressure issues and other aspects of the human body cannot be analyzed using cells. On the other hand, testing practices in the laboratories can substitute some animal alternatives, if possible.

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Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement

The mentioned three RRRs (reduction, refinement, and replacement) represent a plan developed by numerous countries to ensure the decrease in the testing with the use of animals. A cosmetic animal testing essay should contain this argument for explanations of why it is important to eradicate the common practice.

  • What is the reduction ?

It is the minimization of the animal testing practice by research centers, laboratories, and companies, and regulation of the affected living creatures via introducing innovative practices and improving the experimental techniques.

  • What is refinement ?

It is changing the lives of tested animals, ensuring good living conditions, the introduction of obligatory anesthesia, and the provision of necessary medical treatment.

  • What is the replacement ?

It is a procedure of transition to innovative methods of conducting experiments with the use of computers, cell culture, micro-dosing by volunteers, human tissue tissues, and other methods.

Overrating of the Contribution

An argument that animal testing should be illegal is used by numerous researchers against the current testing practices. The supporters of the theory cite examples to prove the inevitability of animal experiments for the progress of humans. Nevertheless, it is complicated to make a prediction on how the discoveries can be made without animal testing, but the ideas of progress cannot be based on outdated practices.

It cannot be denied that the development of insulin was made owing to the dogs that had pancreases injected. On the other hand, a medical student from Germany, Paul Langerhans, saw the strange pancreatic tissue cells and encouraged Frederick Banting to make a discovery without any animal testing. Thus, there is a question of whether the disadvantages of animal testing outweigh the benefits obtained. The use of dogs sped up the process but kills many innocent animals. Insulin helped many people survive, but it is complicated to determine how the studies will be affected by animal testing results.

Insufficient Reliability

The efficiency of the animal tests on people is 95% because of the 2% genome divergence between animals and people. The European Union banned the use of animals in testing cosmetics for two reasons. Firstly, the eyes of humans are less sensitive than the eyes of rats and some other animals, thus the experiment results are unreliable. Secondly, other alternatives, for example, tissue testing, can be more effective.

Some researchers claim that animal testing should be allowed, but insufficient reliability may result in tragedies. For instance, tension, anxiety, and insomnia were treated with thalidomide medication in West Germany, and in 1957, as many as 5,000 infants died, and many lost sights, hearing or suffered severe deformities. It is not always right to use the products suitable for animals on humans. Another example is Rezulin that was a trigger of liver failure in people but treated rats with diabetes type 2 perfectly.

High Price of Animal Tests

It is common to pay no attention to this fact. It is assumed that more innovative technology will be even more expensive; however, progress always implies durability, and that should be noted. Financial losses are huge even for common dissection classes. Reliable results require numerous life forms, but computer models can use the required data for analysis in a different way.

Leaving out the Rights

The governments adopted a number of regulations in different countries of the world to ensure the protection of animals’ rights; however, it is a common practice to forget about the animals used for testing when it goes about laws.

Thinking about a good title for an essay on animal testing for medical purposes, do not forget to take into consideration this debatable point. How can it happen that the Animal Welfare Act omits fish, mice, and rats? The researchers are allowed to treat those animals in the way they need for their experiments. Try to explore how moral this situation is.

Global Progress

Your essay should emphasize the crucial importance of certain practices and lack of alternatives; however, it is also essential to touch upon the better options, available now o expected in the future. Every year, the development of technologies causes the emergence of new experimenting methods, making science more efficient and more humane. Mention the subjective opinions of the researchers and limitations of the control samples when talking about animal testing. On the other hand, note the advantages of new computer models that avoid bias and manipulation of data. Animals are less close to people than in cell cultures. All in all, it is more ethical to try alternative testing techniques as they not only protect the animals but also increase the efficiency of science.

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Animals Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

107 samples of this type

Do you feel the need to examine some previously written Argumentative Essays on Animals before you start writing an own piece? In this open-access catalog of Animals Argumentative Essay examples, you are granted a thrilling opportunity to discover meaningful topics, content structuring techniques, text flow, formatting styles, and other academically acclaimed writing practices. Using them while crafting your own Animals Argumentative Essay will surely allow you to complete the piece faster.

Presenting the finest samples isn't the only way our free essays service can help students in their writing efforts – our experts can also create from point zero a fully customized Argumentative Essay on Animals that would make a genuine foundation for your own academic work.

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Vegetarianism, in essence, is the voluntary abstinence of a person from eating meat products. Vegetarianism has been shown to have tremendous health benefits as a practice, and is often employed as a more ethical and sustainable diet than carnivorous diets. It is a preferable lifestyle compared to being carnivorous or omnivorous, as it also means taking a stand against animal slaughter.

Example Of Vegetarianism Argumentative Essay

Vegetarianism, in essence, is the voluntary abstinence of a person from eating meat products. There are many different facets of vegetarianism, but the activity itself has been found in many cultures throughout human history. In Western cultures, in particular, it is finding significant support, as more and more people in America and other countries choose to eat only vegetables (and optionally dairy). Vegetarianism has been shown to have tremendous health benefits as a practice, and is often employed as a more ethical and sustainable diet than carnivorous diets. Because of these reasons, vegetarianism is a preferable lifestyle compared to being carnivorous or omnivorous.

The Epic Of Gilgamesh Argumentative Essay Example

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Arguably, animal testing has been an emotive subject with a lot of ethical, moral, and medical debate, and controversy for many decades. What we should all ask is, does the payback obtained by human beings from animal experimentation justify the inhumane, and harm caused to animals? Billions of animals in the world are killed in laboratories for experimental purposes (Monamy 17). Additionally, most of the animals die in the process of medical research, cosmetic experiments, as well as commercial research. Therefore, animal experimentation is harmful, inhumane, and cruel, and it should be banned.

Reasons why animal experimentation should be banned

An argument essay against the use of fur in the fashion history argumentative essay, 1.0 introduction.

The fashion industry is one of the fast growing industries worldwide occupying a place with the sky-rocketing information technology industry. Generally, clothing made of animal fur is expensive and a person with this expensive dress is regarded of a higher class in society.

Argumentative Essay On Should We Use Animals For Drug Testing

This paper examines the arguments for and against the sue of animals in experiments. It offers a brief examination of the historical development of the opposition to using animals; it considers the question form the practical and the ethical standpoint; it examines some of the evidence which shows the inefficiency and unreliability of animal use; and it also shows the way ethical standpoints have changed in the 21st century.

Key words: the three Rs; in vitro testing ; principle of equality; human volunteers; computer simulations.

Argumentative Essay On Nonmoral Nature

7 July 2011

Is It Appropriate for Humans to Intervene in Nature with Animals?

Expertly written argumentative essay on the moral perspective about meat consumption to follow, free the controversy of animal testing – a critical analysis argumentative essay sample.

Animal testing is something that has come under the spotlight recently. Many consider it as an unethical approach to the testing of new drugs and products. It has led to the division of society in ways that suggests the need for the end of the practice. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze and review the practice and draw conclusions on the different stakeholder positions and procedures.

Why Animal Testing is Controversial

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When considering the problems of importing exotic animals from foreign countries, it is necessary to evaluate the laws that currently exist, and determine whether or not they provide an effective means of safeguarding the animals in question. In this essay, it will be argued that the laws that are in place at this time do not protect animals from mistreatment in an adequate manner, nor do they effectively prevent the occurrence of disease.

Argumentative Essay On All Animals Are Equal

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Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals

Animal argumentative essay topics, argumentative topics about animals, topics on argumentative essay about animals, animal debate topics, argumentative essay topics on animal cruelty, argumentative essay topics on the rights of animals, argumentative essay on conservation of animal species.

Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals: For you to write a good argumentative topic about animals, you need to understand the topic at hand. Before you start writing your essay, you need to choose a good subject for your argumentative essay topic.

If you are in middle school, high school, university, or college this is the best place to start your research argumentative essays on animals.

Below is a list of argumentative essay topics about animals that you can choose from.

1. Should wild animals be sold and kept as pets?

2. Are zoos are good for animals?

3. What sort of animals should be used for experimentation and why?

animal argumentative essay topics

4. Are there any ill consequences on the ecology of the earth if the critically endangered species get extinct from the food chain and web?

5. Should people abusing animals be reported to the authority? Who should bear the responsibility of reporting?

6. Is water pollution dangerous to aquatic life

7. Should there be harsher laws for animal cruelty?

8. Should there be a bigger consequence for poaching?

9. Should the punishment for poaching be increased?

10. Should the percentage be higher for the endangered list?

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11. Veterinary care is very expensive

12. Trading products made from animals is a worthwhile venture

13. Think of some convincing alternatives to vivisection.

14. There is no need of respecting animals

15. Is the subjection of animals to chemical tests is alo harmful to a human beings?

16. The population explosion leads to deforestation and thus it snatches the habitat of the animals as well.

17. The major significance of environmental conservation can be seen in the result of saving animals from dying unnatural death.

18. The impact of human beings on wildlife

19. Biomagnifications are the biggest reason why many species are dying a natural death in the ecological environment.

20. Should whaling be globally outlawed?

21. Should we never take medicine if we want to save animals from experiments?

22. Should animals have more rights?

23. Should they be kept in captivity?

Read: Argumentative Essay Topics about Mental Health

1. Should ocean marine animals be kept in captivity?

2. Should animals be used for entertainment?

3. Should animals be used for scientific testing and medical studies?

4. Should animal fashion be banned?

5. Sacrificing animals for religion is ethical/moral?

6. Rhinos’ extinction from seeking their horns is unavoidable.

7. Research studies using animal participants are ethical.

8. Protecting the Giant Panda is ecologically important.

9. Protecting endangered animal species is important.

10. Primates and other sophisticated vertebrates should not be used in laboratory research.

11. Pets should be spayed and neutered to prevent overpopulation.

12. People should not be kind to poisonous animals.

13. Monkeys are the most intelligent animals among all mammals in the forest.

Argumentative Topics About Animals

14. Medical animal testing is justifiable.

15. Medical animal testing is ethically wrong.

16. Killing animals for food is justified.

17. Keeping wild-caught exotic pets is inhumane.

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1. Keeping animals in zoos is inhumane.

2. It’s irrational to be afraid of spiders since most of them are harmless.

3. It is necessary and acceptable to use higher animals, such as monkeys and chimpanzees, in laboratory research.

4. It is difficult to maintain equilibrium on this earth if the animal species will keep on vanishing from the earth.

5. Is the cross-breeding of animals sustainable in the long term?

6. Is keeping animals in a zoo inhumane?

7. Is it okay to test antibiotics and cures on animals?

8. Is it okay for people to have exotic pets?

9. Is it necessary to do medical tests on living creatures?

10. Is it justified to kill animals for fun?

11. Is it ethical for people to have exotic pets such as Meerkats?

12. Is it ‘right’ to perform tests on other living creatures for our gains?

13. Is animal fashion ethical? Should it be made completely illegal?

14. Important factors to consider when adopting a pet.

Read: Argumentative Essay Topics On Religion

15. Hunting for sport is unethical and inhumane.

16. Hunting for sport is a normal, acceptable pass time.

17. How does the ecology gets disturbed when the animals playing their particular role in a given ecosystem become extinct from the earth?

18. How the ecological system on earth can be balanced well when the food chain and food web grow naturally?

19. How far should we go to protect endangered species?

20. How can we make vivisection less painful and/or stressful? Should we?

1. Foxes should be bred into companion animals.

2. Fish should not be kept in goldfish bowls without filters or temperature control.

3. Factory farm treatment of animals is inhumane.

4. Factory farm conditions are conducive to the spread of avian influenza among chickens and other domestic fowl.

5. Euthanizing stray animals is unethical.

animal debate topics

6. Euthanizing stray animals is a humane solution.

7. Dolphins are friendly.

8. Do we have a responsibility to respect the creatures we test on?

9. Do cosmetics matter?

10. Do animals have feelings?

11. Deer hunting is legal.

12. Dairy cows should be given drugs to boost milk production.

1. Can we improve the lives of captive animals?

2. Bullfighting is fun and should be continued.

3. Are wildlife preserves healthy for various species?

4. Are there reasons for treating cats and dogs humanely?

5. Animals do not have any rights.

6. Animal testing is justifiable in some cases (e.g., medical), but not in others (e.g., cosmetics).

7. Animal testing is beneficial.

8. Animal health is a money-making venture.

9. Animal extinction through human action should be banned.

10. Animal cruelty must be banned.

11. Conserving some endangered animals is more important than conserving others, due to their respective ecological roles.

12. Companion animals can help lonely people.

13. Chaining or tethering dogs outside is unethical, inhumane, and a form of animal neglect.

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1. The tribal people harm animals for their meals and other needs in several ways.

2. The efforts of various international conventions on animal rights are irrelevant as they are incapable of checking injustice to animals.

3. The advancement in technology and coming of the biotechnology in the past couple of decades pause a serious threat to animals.

4. People who are not following the norms created for saving animals from human cruelty are not punished at all.

5. Most animals spread infectious diseases once they are subjected to chemical tests in several experiments.

6. Many animal species are about to extinct because of the chemicals applied to them during the test.

7. Developed countries are less cruel towards animals as compared to developing and underdeveloped nations.

8. Apart from making strict rules for saving cruelty to animals, it is also important to enforce them on the real ground.

9. Animals are subjected to human cruelty in various testing labs nowadays.

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1. There should be a provision for proper care of the animals which are wounded and struggling for survival.

2. Most of the animals die an unnatural death at the hand of humans which is a big slap on the conventions making animals laws.

3. Most of the animal rights conventions are showing their back when it comes to taking action against rich people harming animals.

4. Many times people who are making animal rights are involved in putting the lives of animals in danger.

5. It is very important to have international laws on saving animals from harmful human activities.

6. Developed countries are more inclined towards animal rights as compared to developing ones.

7. Certain traditional practices which are against the rights of animals should be banned across the length and breadth of the world.

8. Animal rights are valid in documents only as we cannot see them in practice against exploitation against them.

Read: Words of Encouragement for a Test

1. Animal species which are about to be extinct are also being exploited by the people and authorities are mute on the issue.

2. Conservation of animal species that are in the endangered category of species can be saved by giving artificial habitats to them.

3. It is almost impossible to make an animal species breed in an artificial environment.

4. Only critically endangered species are given attention in the conservation of animal species and not other species.

5. The actions that are being taken in favor of the conservation of animal species are a mere show-off.

6. The efforts taken so far to conserve the animal species by the experts of the arena are not successful to a great extent.

7. We can save the animals which are about to extinct by facilitating them in natural habitats and not in artificial habitats by preserving them.

8. We cannot see animal conservation in a single aspect as there are a lot of things to consider beyond giving them food and habitat.

Read: Illustration Essay Topics

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105 Animal Testing Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Looking for interesting animal testing topics to research and write about? This field is truly controversial and worth studying!

  • 🌶️ Titles: Catchy & Creative
  • 🐶 Essay: How to Write
  • 🏆 Best Essay Examples
  • 📌 Good Topics to Research
  • 🎯 Most Interesting Topics to Write about

❓ Animal Testing Research Questions

In your animal testing essay, you might want to explore the historical or legal perspective, focus on the issue of animal rights, or discuss the advantages or disadvantages of animal testing in medicine, pharmacology, or cosmetic industry. We’ve gathered the most creative and catchy animal testing titles and added top animal testing essay examples. There are also useful tips on making and outline, formulating a thesis, and creating a hook sentence for your animal testing essay.

🌶️ Animal Testing Titles: Catchy & Creative

  • What would life be like without animal testing?
  • Animal testing: the cruelest experiments.
  • AWA: why does not it protect all animals?
  • What if animals experimented on humans?
  • In the skin of a guinea pig: a narrative essay.
  • Opposing animal testing: success stories.
  • Animal-tested products: should they be destroyed?
  • What have we gained from experiments on animals?
  • Animal testing and cancer research: past and present.

🐶 Animal Testing Essay: How to Write

Animal testing has been an acute problem for a long time. Scientists and pharmaceutical firms use this approach to test cosmetics, foods, and other products people use daily.

Essays on animal testing are important because they highlight the significance of the problem. Writing outstanding animal testing essays requires extensive research and dedication.

We have prepared some do’s and don’ts for your excellent essay. But first, you should select a topic for your paper. Here are the examples of animal testing essay topics you can choose from:

  • The question of animal intelligence from the perspective of animal testing
  • Animal testing should (not) be banned
  • How animal testing affects endangered species
  • The history and consequences of animal testing
  • The controversy associated with animal testing
  • Animal Bill of Rights: Pros and cons
  • Is animal testing necessary?

Remember that these animal testing essay titles are just the ideas for your paper. You are free to select other relevant titles and topics for discussion, too. Once you have selected the problem for your essay, you can start working on the paper. Here are some do’s of writing about animal testing:

  • Do extensive preliminary research on the issue you have selected. You should be aware of all the problems associated with your questions, its causes, and consequences. Ask your professor about the sources you can use. Avoid relying on Wikipedia and personal blogs as your primary sources of information.
  • Develop a well-organized outline and think of how you will structure your paper. Think of the main animal testing essay points and decide how you can present them in the paper. Remember to include introductory and concluding sections along with several body paragraphs.
  • Start your paper with a hooking sentence. An animal testing essay hook should grab the reader’s attention. You can present an interesting question or statistics in this sentence.
  • Include a well-defined thesis statement at the end of the introductory section.
  • Your reader should understand the issue you are discussing. Explain what animal testing is, provide arguments for your position, and support them with evidence from your research.
  • Discuss alternative perspectives on the issue if you are working on a persuasive essay. At the same time, you need to show that your opinion is more reliable than the opposing ones.
  • Remember that your paper should not be offensive. Even if you criticize animal testing, stick to the formal language and provide evidence of why this practice is harmful.

There are some important points you should avoid while working on your paper. Here are some important don’ts to remember:

  • Avoid making claims if you cannot reference them. Support your arguments with evidence from the literature or credible online sources even if you are writing an opinion piece. References will help the reader to understand that your viewpoint is reliable.
  • Do not go over or below the word limit. Stick to your professor’s instructions.
  • Avoid copying the essays you will find online. Your paper should be plagiarism-free.
  • Avoid making crucial grammatical mistakes. Pay attention to the word choice and sentence structures. Check the paper several times before sending it for approval. If you are not sure whether your grammar is correct, ask a friend to look through the paper for you.

Do not forget to look at some of our free samples that will help you with your paper!

Animal Testing Hook Sentence

Your animal testing essay should start with a hook – an opening statement aiming to grab your reader’s attention. A good idea might be to use an impressive fact or statistics connected to experiments on animals:

  • More than 100 million animals are killed in US laboratories each year.
  • Animal Welfare Act (AWA) does not cover 99% animals used in experiments: according to it, rats, birds, reptiles, and fish are not animals.
  • More than 50% adults in the US are against animal testing.

🏆 Best Animal Testing Essay Examples

  • Negative Impacts of Animal Testing In many instances it can be proofed that drugs have been banned from the market after extensive research on animal testing and consuming a lot of cash, because of the dire effects that they cause […]
  • Should Animals Be Used in Medical Research? It is therefore possible to use animals while testing the dangers and the toxicity of new drugs and by so doing; it is possible to protect human beings from the dangers that can emanate from […]
  • Psychoactive Drug Testing on Animals The alterations in behavioral traits of animals due to psychoactive drugs are primarily attributed to the changes in the brain functions or inhibition of certain brain components in animals which ultimately translates to changes in […]
  • Experimentation on Animals However, critics of experimenting with animals argue that animals are subjected to a lot of pain and suffering in the course of coming up with scientific breakthroughs which in the long run may prove futile.
  • Medical Research on Animals Should be Forbidden by Law Vaccines and treatment regimes for various diseases that previously led to the death of humans were all discovered through research on animals.
  • Use of Animals in Biological Testing Thus, these veterinarians have realized that the results that are realized from the animal research are very crucial in the improvement of the health of human being as well as that of animals.
  • Utilitarianism for Animals: Testing and Experimentation There are alternatives in testing drugs such as tissue culture of human cells and hence this is bound to be more accurate in the findings.
  • Animal Testing: Should Animal Testing Be Allowed? — Argumentative Essay It is crucial to agree that animal testing might be unethical phenomenon as argued by some groups; nonetheless, it should continue following its merits and contributions to the humankind in the realms of drug investigations […]
  • Ethical Problems in Animal Experimentation The banning of companies from testing on animals will force the manufacturers to use conventional methods to test their drugs and products.
  • Use of Animals in Research Testing: Ethical Justifications Involved The present paper argues that it is ethically justified to use animals in research settings if the goals of the research process are noble and oriented towards the advancement of human life.
  • Should animals be used for scientific research? Therefore, considering the benefits that have been accrued from research activities due to use of animals in scientific research, I support that animals should be used in scientific research.
  • Animal Testing: Ethical Dilemmas in Business This means that both humans and animals have rights that need to be respected, and that is what brings about the many dilemmas that are experienced in this field.
  • Ethics Problems in Animal Experimentation In spite of the fact that it is possible to find the arguments to support the idea of using animals in experiments, animal experimentation cannot be discussed as the ethical procedure because animals have the […]
  • The Debate on Animal Testing The purpose of this paper is to define animal testing within a historical context, establish ethical and legal issues surrounding the acts, discuss animal liberation movements, arguments in support and against the act of animal […]
  • Effects of Animal Testing and Alternatives Another challenge to the proponents of animal testing is related to dosage and the time line for a study. Animal rights values rebuff the notion that animals should have an importance to human beings in […]
  • Animal Testing: Why It Is Still Being Used The major reason for such “devotion” to animal testing can be explained by the fact that alternative sources of testing are insufficient and too inaccurate to replace conventional way of testing.
  • Cosmetic Testing on Animals The surface of the skin or near the eyes of such animals is meant to simulate that of the average human and, as such, is one of easiest methods of determining whether are particular type […]
  • Genetic Modification and Testing: Ethical Considerations It is done on a molecular level by synthesizing DNA, generating sequences and then inserting the received product into the organism which will be the carrier of the outcome. Another possibility is that the time […]
  • Animal Testing Effects on Psychological Investigation In this context, ethical considerations remain a central theme in psychological research.”Ethics in research refers to the application of moral rules and professional codes of conduct to the collection, analysis, reporting, and publication of information […]
  • Animal Testing: History and Ethics Moreover, in the twelfth century, another Arabic physician, Avenzoar dissected animals and established animal testing experiment in testing surgical processes prior to their application to man. Trevan in 1927 to evaluate the effectiveness of digitalis […]
  • Animal Testing and Ethics I believe it is also difficult to develop efficient legislation on the matter as people have different views on animal research and the line between ethical and unethical is blurred in this area.
  • Animal Testing for Scientific Research Despite the fact that the present-day science makes no secret of the use of animals for research purposes, not many people know what deprivation, pain, and misery those animals have to experience in laboratories.
  • Animal Experiments and Inhuman Treatment Although the results of such a laboratory may bring answers to many questions in medicine, genetics, and other vital spheres, it is frequently a case that the treatment of such animals is inhumane and cruel. […]
  • Animal Testing and Environmental Protection While the proponents of animal use in research argued that the sacrifice of animals’ lives is crucial for advancing the sphere of medicine, the argument this essay will defend relates to the availability of modern […]
  • Animal Testing as an Unnecessary and Atrocious Practice Such acts of violence could be partially excused by the necessity to test medications that are developed to save human lives however, this kind of testing is even more inhumane as it is ineffective in […]
  • Animal Testing: Long and Unpretty History Nevertheless, that law was more focused on the welfare of animals in laboratories rather than on the prohibition of animal testing.
  • Negative Impacts of Animal Testing To alter these inhumane laws, we should organize a social movement aiming at the reconsideration of the role of animals in research and improvement of their positions.
  • Animal Testing from Medical and Ethical Viewpoints Striving to discover and explain the peculiarities of body functioning, already ancient Greeks and Romans resorted to vivisecting pigs; the scientific revolution of the Enlightenment era witnessed animal testing becoming the leading trend and a […]
  • Laboratory Experiments on Animals: Argument Against In some cases, the animals are not given any painkillers because their application may alter the effect of the medication which is investigated.
  • Animal Testing: History and Arguments Nevertheless, that law was more focused on the welfare of animals in laboratories rather than on the prohibition of animal testing.
  • Using Animals in Medical Research and Experiments While discussing the use of animals in medical research according to the consequentialist perspective, it is important to state that humans’ preferences cannot be counted higher to cause animals’ suffering; humans and animals’ preferences need […]
  • Preclinical Testing on Animals The authors argue that despite the recent decline in the level of quality and transparency of preclinical trials, the scientific communities should always rely on animal testing before moving to human subjects and the subsequent […]
  • Animal Testing in Medicine and Industry Animal testing is the inescapable reality of medicine and industry. However, between human suffering and animal suffering, the former is more important.

📌 Good Animal Testing Topics to Research

  • Monkeys Don’t Like Wearing Makeup: Animal Testing In The Cosmetics Industry
  • Animal Testing – Should Animal Experimentation Be Permitted
  • Essay Animal Testing and In Vitro Testing as a Replacement
  • Animal Testing : A Better Knowledge Of Human Body
  • The Importance Of Animal Testing For Evaluating Consumer Safety
  • The Issues on Animal Testing and the Alternative Procedures to Avoid the Use of the Inhuman Experimentation
  • An Alternative to the Harsh and Unnecessary Practices of Animal Testing for Products, Drugs, Chemicals and Other Research
  • The Unethical Use of Animals and the Need to Ban Animal Testing for Medical Research Purposes in the United States
  • An Argument in Favor of Animal Testing for the Purpose of Clinical Research
  • An Argument Against Animal Testing and the Banning of the Practice in the United States
  • The Debate About the Ethics of Animal Testing and Its Effects on Us
  • An Argument in Favor of Animal Testing as Beneficial to Human Health Research
  • Animal Testing and the Reasons Why It Should Be Illegal
  • The Principles of the Animal Testing From the Human Perspective
  • The Ethical Issues on the Practice of Animal Testing to Test Cosmetics and Drugs
  • Stopping Animal Testing and Vivisection by Passing a Bill against Animal Cruelty

🎯 Most Interesting Animal Testing Topics to Write about

  • An Argument Against Animal Testing of Consumer Products and Drugs
  • The Consequences and Unethical Practice of Animal Testing for Medical Training and Experiments
  • How Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical
  • Ways To Improve Animal Welfare After Premising The Animal Testing
  • Animal Testing – Necessary or Barbaric and Wrong?
  • Animal Testing And Its Impact On The Environment
  • Animal Testing and Its Contribution to the Advancement of Medicine
  • Cosmetics and Animal Testing: The Cause of Death and Mistreatment
  • Animal Testing And People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals
  • Animal Rights Activists and the Controversial Issue of Animal Testing
  • A History and the Types of Animal Testing in the Medical Area
  • Argumentation on Medical Benefits of Animal Testing
  • An Analysis of the Concept of Animal Testing Which Lowers the Standard of Human Life
  • Is The Humane Society International Gave For Animal Testing
  • A Discussion of Whether Animal Testing Is Good for Mankind or Violation of Rights
  • The Ethics Of Animal Testing For Vaccine Development And Potential Alternatives
  • The Good and Bad of Human Testing and Animal Testing
  • What Should the Government Do About Animal Testing?
  • Why Does Animal Testing Lower Our Standard of Living?
  • Should Animals Be Used in Research?
  • Why Should Animal Testing Be Accepted in the World?
  • How Does Technology Impact Animal Testing?
  • Why Should Animal Testing Be Illegal?
  • Should Animal Testing Remain Legal?
  • Why Should Animal Testing Be Banned?
  • Can the Animal Testing Done to Find Cures for Diseases Be Humane?
  • Does Animal Testing Really Work?
  • Why Can’t Alternatives Like Computers Replace Research Animals?
  • Should Animal Testing Continue to Test Cures for Human Diseases?
  • How Does Animal Testing Effect Medicine?
  • Should Animal Testing Continue or Be Stopped?
  • What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Animal Testing?
  • Why Can Animal Testing Save Our Lives?
  • Is Stem Cell Research Beginning of the End of Animal Testing?
  • Do Beauty Products Suffer From Negative Publicity if They Conduct Trials on Animals?
  • Should Medicine Trials Be Conducted?
  • Can Results of Animal Testing Be Generalized to Adults?
  • What Are the Origin and History of Animal Testing?
  • Why Are Animals Needed to Screen Consumer Products for Safety When Products Tested by Alternative Methods, Are Available?
  • How Much Does an Animal Suffer Due to Testing?
  • What Is the Effectiveness of Animal Rights Groups in Stopping Animal Testing?
  • How Do We Learn From Biomedical Research Using Animals?
  • Who Cares for Animals in Research?
  • How Do Laboratory Animal Science Professionals Feel About Their Work?
  • Why Are There Increasing Numbers of Mice, Rats, and Fish Used in Research?
  • How Can We Be Sure Lost or Stolen Pets Are Not Used in Research?
  • Why Do Clinical Trials in Humans Require Prior Animal Testing?
  • Chicago (A-D)
  • Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, November 9). 105 Animal Testing Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/animal-testing-essay-examples/

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Animal Rights Argumentative Essay

Animal rights have been a consistent subject of debate, with animal activists emphasizing the need to differentiate between animal rights and welfare. The government’s failure to lay down sufficient legislation to help in the protection of animals from human predation has made it difficult for several people to believe in animal rights. It is essential to note that animal rights do not concern putting animals over and above humans but instead on the rejection of speciesism and sentience. Humans utilize several ways to exploit animals, including hunting, fur, circuses, and animal products like eggs and meat. There is an urgent need to help in securing strategies that will free animals from human exploitation. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze the reasons against animal exploitation and reinforce the probable methods to uphold animal rights.

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There is a general feeling that the use of animals for both scientific and medical research results yields significant improvement in living standards and medical advancements. Thus, it is sensible for many to agree over the use of animals to test how healthy or harmful a newly discovered medicine is before giving it to the human species for consumption (Lin n.p). However, such tests and exposure to chemicals often result in the killing of thousands of animals for courses that in some instances turn unhelpful (Garner 21). Therefore, animals’ mere use for sciences’ sake is unacceptable since the animals’ suffering vastly outweighs the satisfaction of human curiosity (Lin n.p). It is thus unnecessary to justify animal exploitation on immoral grounds.

Animals cannot think and make rational decisions concerning what should take place in their lives. However, the determination of rights should not be based on intelligence grounds. Otherwise, conducting intelligence tests would be necessary for all humans for them to enjoy certain fundamental rights. Exploiting animals based on their inability to think and reason is unreasonable (Lin n.p). This form of reasoning would mean that babies with no intelligence and mentally challenged humans would have no rights.

Preservation of animal rights and dignity is an appreciation for their life since it develops significant status. Individuals who hold contrary arguments on animal rights protection tend to believe that human life is more critical than animal life (Lin n.p). Therefore, destroying animal life to preserve human life is justifiable. This is an ineffective criterion to determine the importance of having rights since such are usually subjective, and individuals often have selfish personal interests (Garner 9). Interestingly, an individual may find their home-bred animals more important than a stranger in the neighborhood with this scope. It should not allow the individual to kill or misuse animals just for the sake of prioritizing and ranking the importance.

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In conclusion, the concept that animals should have the ability to move freely without human interference and exploitation affirms the need for animal protection. With the ability to experience emotions, fear, pain, and happiness, the argument that the absence of cognitive abilities makes animals lesser than humans is baseless. Besides, arguments in favor of the protection of animals and giving more rights to animals does not mean putting them at the same level as humans, but attempts to show the value that animals have as a human source of food and labor objects. Therefore, upholding animals’ inherent value is critical for maintaining animals’ rights and ensuring the maintenance of a balanced and organized ecosystem where there is a significant minimization of human predation on animals.

Works Cited

  • Garner, Robert, ed. Animal rights: The changing debate . Springer, 2016.
  • Lin, Doris. What Are Animals Rights? 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-animal-rights-127600

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The Argumentative Essay    TOPIC: SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED FOR...

The Argumentative Essay 

TOPIC: SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED FOR RESEARCH?

 writing an argumentative essay piece of writing that requires you to take a position, what rhetoricians call a claim, on a debatable topic (that is, a topic with more than one side). Specifically, you will present a policy claim where you argue for or against a change of some kind. This claim should be supported by reliable, credible evidence (i.e. scholarly sources) backed by research.  In addition to presenting your claim, you will also need to acknowledge the other side, which is called the counterargument.

Assignment-Specific Requirements:

Length: should be at least seven hundred and fifty words

Thesis:  Underline your thesis statement or the main claim of your letter.

Supporting Points:  Plan to develop at least three strong supporting points to accompany your thesis and at least one counter. Each supporting point should equate to at least one body paragraph. 

Sources Needed:  The essay should integrate at least 4 reliable and credible sources, to help prove the argument for or against a policy change.  Works Cited citations. 

Tertiary sources, such as online encyclopedias, dictionaries and Wikipedia, are not scholarly sources, and should not be cited within your work; however, they may offer helpful foundational information as you develop your understanding of an issue. (For more information, please review Berkley University's resource on scholarly and popular sources: "Evaluating Resources.")

Rhetorical Mode

When we talk about argument writing, we are not talking about an emotional and heated argument, but one that is neutral in tone and uses evidence/facts to convince your readers of a claim. Your argument is your claim, or the point that you want to convince readers of-in this instance, you will be making a claim for or against a policy change. Because everything depends on the strength of this claim (and the supporting points that you use to scaffold it), the organizational structure of an argumentative essay is incredibly important to its success. Every idea, topic sentence, paragraph, and page should always align with your argumentative claim. Be sure that you use scholarly evidence purposefully to support the claim you are making and do not veer too much into exploratory or informative writing, which is trickier than it sounds. You'll also need to think carefully about how to integrate researched evidence with your own ideas, to build a fully developed and supported stance throughout. Finally, you will want to acknowledge the counterargument in the body paragraphs, even if you cannot refute it entirely. 

Rhetorical Considerations

Remember that this is an argumentative essay: that means your goal is to prove your claim for or against a policy change to readers. This piece of writing should be aimed at convincing readers through the inclusion of a strong argumentative thesis, specific supporting points, acknowledgement of the counter, and carefully chosen scholarly evidence. 

The argumentative essay is written for someone else-a community of readers that is most impacted by the policy you are proposing to change (or keep the same). In this instance, you are writing to argue for or against a change (and thus convince readers that a change should or should not occur). Keep this audience in mind by angling everything in your essay towards a strong argument that can appeal to a more general population. 

This is a formal writing project, written in third-person, relying on strong organizational strategies, integrating researched evidence (the academic sources you choose)

Mini-Lesson on ETHOS - PATHOS - LOGOS

Plan to use these appeals heavily throughout your Argumentative essay.

Answer & Explanation

Title: The Ethical Dilemma of Animal Research: A Call for Change  

                                                                            Introduction:   The practice of using animals in research has long been a contentious issue, sparking debates surrounding ethics, scientific validity, and the welfare of sentient beings. While proponents argue that animal research is essential for medical progress and scientific discovery, critics contend that it is morally indefensible and scientifically inadequate. In this essay, we will examine the ethical imperatives and scientific considerations surrounding the use of animals in research, advocating for the adoption of alternative methods that uphold both human and animal welfare.  Thesis:   The continued use of animals in research is ethically untenable and scientifically unnecessary, and society must prioritize the adoption of alternative methods that respect animal rights while promoting scientific progress.  

                                                                                          Supporting Points:                  1. Ethical Considerations: 

   The use of animals in research raises profound ethical concerns regarding their welfare and rights. Animals, like humans, are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, fear, and distress. Subjecting them to experimentation without their consent or understanding violates fundamental ethical principles. Moreover, the confinement and manipulation of animals in laboratory settings often lead to unnecessary suffering and compromised well-being. As a society, we have a moral obligation to treat animals with compassion and respect their inherent value as sentient beings. Akhtar (2016) argues that the ethical implications of animal experimentation extend beyond scientific utility, emphasizing the importance of considering the welfare and rights of animals in research practices. Furthermore, the ethical imperative to minimize harm and promote justice underscores the need for alternative research methods that do not rely on animal subjects.  

               2. Scientific Validity of Animal Research: 

  Contrary to popular belief, the scientific validity of animal research is increasingly being questioned. Numerous studies have highlighted the limitations and inconsistencies of extrapolating findings from animal studies to humans. Species differences, genetic variations, and biological complexities make it challenging to reliably predict human responses based on animal data. The failure of many drugs and treatments that show promise in animal models further underscores the unreliability of such research methods. Embracing alternative approaches, such as in vitro models, organ-on-chip technology, and human-based clinical trials, offers more scientifically rigorous and human-relevant avenues for advancing medical knowledge and innovation. Knight (2006) emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating the translational validity of animal experiments, noting the significant discrepancies between animal and human responses in clinical settings. The reliance on animal models, he argues, poses inherent limitations and risks, undermining the reliability and relevance of scientific findings.  

            3. Technological Advances and Alternative Methods:  

  Rapid advancements in technology have paved the way for innovative alternatives to animal research. In vitro techniques, computational modeling, and human cell-based assays provide viable alternatives that offer greater precision, efficiency, and translatability compared to traditional animal models. These methods not only minimize the ethical concerns associated with animal experimentation but also yield more relevant and reliable data for scientific inquiry. By investing in the development and implementation of alternative methods, we can uphold scientific integrity while respecting the welfare of animals. The National Research Council (2007) advocates for a paradigm shift towards human-relevant toxicology testing, emphasizing the potential of alternative methods to improve the accuracy and predictability of toxicity assessments. By leveraging cutting-edge technologies and embracing human-based approaches, researchers can overcome the limitations of animal models and advance biomedical research in a more ethical and scientifically robust manner.  

   Counterargument: 

     Proponents of animal research argue that it is indispensable for medical progress and scientific discovery. They contend that many medical breakthroughs and treatments owe their success to insights gained from animal studies. Furthermore, they assert that stringent regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines ensure the humane treatment and welfare of research animals, minimizing any potential harm or suffering. However, the historical reliance on animal models has not always translated into meaningful clinical outcomes for humans. Countless promising drugs and treatments that showed efficacy in animal trials have failed in human clinical trials, leading to wasted resources and missed opportunities. Moreover, ethical considerations cannot be overshadowed by the pursuit of scientific advancement. As sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and suffering, animals deserve to be treated with dignity and afforded the same ethical considerations as humans.  

                                                                             Conclusion :

        In conclusion, the ethical and scientific dilemmas surrounding the use of animals in research necessitate a paradigm shift towards more humane and effective methodologies. By prioritizing the development and implementation of alternative methods that uphold both ethical standards and scientific rigor, we can pave the way for a more progressive and morally just approach to biomedical research. Investing in human-relevant research approaches and leveraging innovative technologies will not only advance scientific knowledge but also demonstrate our commitment to respecting the welfare and rights of all sentient beings. As stewards of scientific inquiry, it is our responsibility to embrace this evolution and strive towards a future where the pursuit of knowledge is inseparable from compassion and ethical integrity.

Works Cited:

Akhtar, Aysha. "The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, vol. 25, no. 4, 2016, pp. 623-631.

Knight, Andrew. "Systematic Reviews of Animal Experiments Demonstrate Poor Human Clinical and Toxicological Utility." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, vol. 34, no. 6, 2006, pp. 513-551.

National Research Council. "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy." National Academies Press, 2007.

Other answer

Title: The Ethics of Animal Testing: A Call for Change

Introduction: Scientific research has traditionally used animals for testing, which raises moral questions and causes discussions about the ethics of such studies. Opponents claim that using animals for research violates their rights and is superfluous as there are other, more effective ways to conduct scientific experiments. Supporters contend that using animals is crucial for scientific breakthroughs.

Thesis Statement: Even while animal testing has played a significant role in science research historically, contemporary techniques need to be reevaluated in light of ethical concerns about animal care, pain infliction, and the availability of alternative testing methods.

Supporting Points:

1. Violation of Animal Rights: The concept of animal pain provided by the American Veterinary Medical Association recognizes that animals are capable of feeling pain and suffering, which emphasizes the moral conundrum that arises when using animals in experiments. Tom Regan, a philosopher, contends that animals should not be treated like simple props in scientific investigations and instead have a fundamental moral right to be treated with respect. The prevalence of this ethical concern is highlighted by the data from Source 2, which shows that 60% of animals used in testing are employed in biomedical research and product safety testing.

2. Unnecessary Pain and Suffering: Professor Michael Balls challenges the LD50 test, arguing that it is not a scientifically valid method and that it causes animals great pain and suffering without producing accurate and consistent results. Writing about the Draize test stirs readers' feelings and compassion for the suffering these animals go through by highlighting the severe agony inflicted upon them, including blindness, scarring, and death. The fact that less Draize and LD50 tests are being used as a result of the development of substitute techniques demonstrates how technological improvements offer efficient and compassionate substitutes.

3. Availability of Alternatives: The Body Shop's leaflet supporting the testing of natural ingredients and the creation of synthetic cellular tissue is cited, demonstrating how the industry has recognized viable and cruelty-free substitutes. By demonstrating how in vitro testing and computer simulations are compassionate substitutes, the author piques readers' empathy by showing how they spare animals from torturous procedures. Evidence of workable alternatives, including artificial skin and Eyetex, is provided to emphasize that these approaches correctly estimate possible harm without endangering animals.

Counterargument: While some contend that using animals for testing is justified in order to improve human welfare, accepting that effective animal research frequently benefits humans, it is important to think about the ethical ramifications and ask whether using animals for research is always justified.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it is necessary to reevaluate current procedures in light of the moral considerations raised by the use of animals in experiments, the inflicting of suffering, and the availability of workable substitutes. In order to ensure that scientific discoveries are realized without jeopardizing the rights and welfare of animals, it is imperative that ethical considerations be balanced with scientific development.

Works Cited: Orlans, F. Barbara. "In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation." New York: Oxford UP, 1993. "Against Animal Testing." The Body Shop, 1993.

Approach to solving the question:

Detailed explanation:

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Key references:

https://www.lonestar.edu/stopanimaltesting.htm

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150+ argumentative essay topics about animal abuse, bob cardens.

  • July 31, 2022
  • Essay Topics and Ideas , Samples

When it comes to argumentative essay writing, there are many different topics that you can choose from. However, one topic that always seems to be popular is animal abuse. Argumentative Essay Topics About Animal Abuse can be about anything related to animal abuse, Here are some good animal abuse essay topics and research topics you can write about

What You'll Learn

Argumentative Research Paper Topics About Animal Abuse with prompts

Ethics- use of animals in the process of testing non-medical products.

Essay prompt: poisoning, shocking, burning, and murdering animals has become a common practice for various companies producing non-medical products such as cosmetics, cleaning, storage, pharmacy, and office supplies among others, according to people for the ethical treatment of animals (PETA).

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Owning exotic pets

Essay prompt: having pets could make the owners to experience enrichment and joy. There are so many benefits associated with keeping pet animals.

Argumentative essay thesis: owning exotic animals can cause an endangerment to the animal, to the owner, and to the community.

  • Close reading: human-animal relations

Essay prompt: the utilitarian perspective involves the idea that animals are simply sources of food and have no added value.

  • Argumentative essay about animal models in scientific research

Essay prompt: this paper argues that the use of animal models in scientific research is more beneficial compared to its drawbacks and that all animal experiments strictly adhere to the ethical principles of scientific research

  • Aspca animal abuse and adoption
  • Essay prompt: before human beings walked the face of the earth, there were already inhabitants that are years ahead of us, and these were animals. Animals have been through many natural phenomena and disasters, evolved, and adapted to what we know of them nowadays, but their fight for survival is still not over.
  • Should animals be used for medical research
  • Techniques of propaganda in animal farm
  • Describe why animal research and testing ought to stop

Essay prompt: while there are benefits to humans from animal research, the researchers claim that they try to minimize pain and discomfort, but fail to show how they achieve this.

  • Animal cruelty laws: suffering or premature death

Essay prompt: this paper discusses various animal cruelty laws that fight for animal rights to avert their suffering or premature death. Globally, animals have continuously become subjects of litigation.

  • Developing spare parts for humans

Essay prompt: undergraduate essay: developing spare parts for humans. Animals are being experimented with and used to create tissues, organs and medicines for humans. Do you believe that using certain animals for this?

  • Commercial animal farms: animal rights research assignment

Essay prompt: what do you think would happen to commercial animal farms if regan’s ideas are adopted?

  • Subtle relationship between elephants and humans
  • Treating animals humanely personal essay

Essay prompt: this article seeks to make the argument that animals deserve to be treated humanely because it is wrong to advance a single species at the expense of others, some fundamental rights extend to all species.

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Argumentative Essay Topics About Animal Abuse

  • What are the things one should consider before adopting a pet?
  • Should the law be harsher for animal cruelty?
  • Should the conditions in a farm factory be improved?
  • Human lives are more important than living creatures’ ones
  • Should hunting be banned?
  • Should we propose alternatives to animal experiments?
  • Animal rights as an indicator of a civilized society.
  • Do animals have rights?
  • Is it important to protect endangered animals?
  • Can humans fully protect endangered species?
  • Testing cosmetics products on living things should be banned
  • Are some animals more beneficial to the ecosystem than others?
  • Should animals be subjected to captivity?
  • All of us need to respect living creatures and their role
  • Should wild animals be kept in reserves?
  • Should animals be used in research studies?
  • Can animal testing be justified?
  • The efforts of various international conventions on animal rights are irrelevant as they are incapable of checking injustice to animals.

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  • Animal fashion needs to be banned globally
  • Lots of people don’t really care about animals
  • Can you keep animals caught in the wild as pets?
  • Is taking animals to a zoo an inhumane act?
  • Is it right to use animals for cosmetics testing?
  • Many of the animal species are about to extinct because of the chemicals applied to them during the test.
  • The dangers that farms expose animals to.
  • Are developed countries less cruel towards animals compared to underdeveloped states?
  • Is hunting for rhino’s horns leading to their extinction?
  • Punishments for animal abuse are still too mild
  • Should animal testing get banned for medicine?
  • Is animal dissection a useful learning tool for students?
  • Forest cutting has terrible consequences on wildlife
  • The moral aspects of keeping animals in captivity for entertainment and commercial reasons.
  • Should we ban animal fashion?
  • Animals are subjected to human cruelty in various testing labs nowadays?
  • What impact do people on wild animals?
  • Explore the scope of animal rights; should animal rights be increased?
  • Alternatives to animal experimentations
  • Should we enforce rules to protect animals against inhumane cruelty on legal grounds?
  • Is it right to give dairy cows drugs to boost their milk production?
  • The punishment for poaching wild animals should be increased.
  • International conventions on animals is completely irrelevant
  • Are companion animals efficient for lonely people?
  • Animal testing is a must but can be improved
  • Is it right or acceptable to use higher animals like chimpanzees and monkeys in laboratory research?
  • We should never take medicine if we must save animals from medical experiments
  • Is animal health child’s play
  • Do lab technicians subject animals to inhumane treatment in laboratory experiments?
  • Should deer hunting be banned?
  • Should animal keepers encourage the genetic modification of livestock
  • Biotechnology poses serious threats to animals
  • Which conditions should an aquarium have before immersing gold fish?
  • What are some of the ways that people who live in cities tend to abuse their pets?
  • Bullfighting: to be or not to be?
  • Should animals be killed for food?
  • How has the advancement of technology lead to increased animal cruelty
  • Most of the animals spread infectious diseases once they are subjected to chemical tests in several experiments.
  • Is the genetic modification of domestic animals potentially dangerous for humans?

These are just a few ideas to get you started – there are endless possibilities when it comes to writing about animal abuse. No matter what angle you take, make sure to back up your argument with evidence and reason, and be respectful of other people’s opinions. With a little effort, you can write an essay that will spark discussion and debate – and maybe even change some minds!

Writing on health, here’s a sample Argumentative Essay On Universal Healthcare

Animal Topics For Essays

  • The tribal people harm animals for their meals and other needs in several ways.
  • The advancement in technology and coming of the biotechnology in the past couple of decades pose a serious threat to animals.
  • How expensive is veterinary care?
  • Should people have exotic pets?
  • The moral responsibility of eliminating animal abuse.
  • Making policies to prevent animal cruelty is not enough, they should be enforced on the ground
  • Are the wild animals reserves safe for all species?
  • Living things shouldn’t be used for entertaining humans
  • Should the government continue testing antibiotics on animals?
  • Are animals facing cruelty in testing labs?
  • Which ways are people in the city advancing animal cruelty
  • Is it justifiable to sell products made from animals?
  • Should the production of garments from mink be allowed?
  • Should we ban use of primates in animal testing?
  • Is it right to use animals for medical studies and scientific experiments?
  • What methods are implemented on animals during induced helplessness tests?
  • Is the factory farm treatment of animals an inhumane act?
  • The principles of saving exotic animals from human intervention.
  • Should there be a higher penalty for poaching?
  • Can medics justify the concept of animal testing?
  • Should euthanizing stray animals be banned? (Animal Topics For Essays)
  • Animal cruelty
  • Is hunting inhumane?
  • Epidemiology and animal experimentation: which one is more successful?
  • Why animal health should be properly maintained.
  • Teaching kids to care for animals.
  • Can humans improve the lives of captive animals?
  • Are monkeys the most advanced animals?

Here’s a list of  Good Argumentative History Essay Topics

Veterinary Argumentative Essay Topics

  • The dangerous effects of humans on beings’ life
  • Developed countries are less cruel towards animals as compared to developing and underdeveloped nations.
  • Is animal health just a way of making money?
  • The challenges encompassing the adoption of pets.
  • Is the tether of dogs outside an act of neglect and therefore inhumane?
  • Particular species that must be used for testing and experimentation
  • Do animals spread infections once subjected to chemical tests in laboratory experiments?
  • Why performance animals are exposed to higher risks.
  • Should stray animals be euthanized?
  • People should not use animals for the purpose of entertainment
  • Should foxes be domesticated?
  • Apart from making strict rules for saving cruelty to animals, it is also important to enforce them on the real ground.
  • Whaling should be outlawed globally.
  • Should people pet exotic animals?
  • Should pets be controlled to prevent overpopulation?

Find out more on  Argumentative Essay Topics About Social Media [Updated]

Animal Rights Essay Topics

  • Opposing position: animals should be protected and death penalty

Essay prompt: there has been controversy on the use of animals in experiments and research, but the practice has been used over time and ethical principles adopted to minimize risks .

  • Effect of global warming on certain species of animals (Animal Topics For Essays)

Essay prompt: today, the sea level has gone down, the temperature of the atmosphere has increased, and rains do not fall normally. All this is because of man-made things and unwanted human activities that have contributed to an increased level of global warming.

  • Animal captivity: animals live in environments

Essay prompt: animals in captivity are on a daily basis, forced to endure conditions of physical as well as psychological pain. This hampers their development and changes the way they should live and develop.

  • Animals should be used for medical research : should animals be used for medical research?
  • Discuss the use of animals for sports and entertainment

You can also check out  150+ Top-Notch Argumentative Essay Topic Ideas

Essay prompt: the use of animals for entertainment has been a practice done for over twenty centuries dating back to the time of the gladiator and the coliseum.

  • Using animals in psychological research (Animal Topics For Essays)

Essay prompt: the practice of using animals in research has been a common phenomenon for decades since findings from these studies have had a big impact on the development of medicine.

  • Letting wild animals remain in the wild, and refraining people from supporting zoos

Essay prompt: conclusively, wild animals should not be kept captive, which is common in most parts of the world. Human beings are the superior species, which gives them the mandate to rule and protect other animals.

  • Is it better for animals to not be kept in zoos

Essay prompt: the debate of whether keeping animals in a zoo or letting them wander in their natural habitat is a controversial issue. Notably, all the animals we see in zoos are wild animals.

  • Why animals have no right research assignment paper (Argumentative Research Paper Topics About Animal Abuse)

Here are some good argumentative essay topics about animal abuse, animal topics for essays, veterinary argumentative essay topics, animal rights essay topics,  and animal topics for research papers

Animal Topics For Research Papers

  • Are factory farms responsible for the active spread of influenza diseases among chickens and other domestic animals?
  • Humans should be banned from poaching
  • Scientists should not use primates and sophisticated vertebrates in lab research
  • Tribal people harm animals more for their personal needs
  • Are zoos good or bad for animals?
  • Is it lawful to keep ocean marine in captivity? (Animal Topics For Essays)
  • The advancement of protection culture for fauna.
  • Animals don’t have feelings
  • What is the impact of water pollution on aquatic life?
  • Animal fashion should be illegalized.
  • We care for beasties selectively, and that’s a problem
  • The ethical aspect of euthanizing stray animals.
  • Global warming is destroying different animal ecosystems
  • The relevance of conserving the giant panda
  • Is animal testing for medical and cosmetic purposes morally justified?

Lastly here are bonus argumentative Essay Topics About Animal Abuse;

  • Is it justifiable to sacrifice animals for religious purposes?
  • Is companion animal good for people who are lonely?
  • Should we report people who are cruel to animals?
  • Should chimpanzees and monkeys be used in animal testing?
  • Is chemical application on animals the reason for their quick extinction?
  • Is it right to breed foxes into companion animals?
  • The urgency of protecting endangered animals.
  • Do humans have the responsibility to protect the animals they use for medical or experimental tests?
  • Should people treat poisonous animals with kindness?
  • Should people be afraid of animals?
  • Are dolphins the friendliest animals? (Animal Topics For Essays)
  • Should bullfighting be banned?
  • You can wear leather or fur provided the animals were raised in humane conditions.
  • Can the cross-breeding of animal be a sustainable business in the long-term?
  • Should animals be respected?
  • Trends and public opinion towards animal rights
  • Are there conditions in the farm that foster the spread of avian influenza amongst chicken?
  • Do you support tethering of dogs and other animals outside?
  • Argumentative Research Paper Topics About Animal Abuse

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  1. 006 Argumentative Essay Topics About Animals Against Animal Testing

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  2. Animal Testing Argumentative Essay

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  3. 😍 Argumentative essay against animal testing. Persuasive Speech Against

    animal research argumentative essay

  4. 110+ Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals 2023

    animal research argumentative essay

  5. Should Animals be Used for Research

    animal research argumentative essay

  6. 001 Essay Example Argumentative Should Animals Used For Research L

    animal research argumentative essay

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  6. FROM RESEARCH TO ARGUMENT PRODUCING A RESEARCH-BASED ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

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  1. Should Animals Be Used for Research: an Argumentative Perspective

    Should Animals Be Used for Research: an Argumentative Perspective Categories: Animal Testing Animals Research Words: 1002 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read Published: Dec 3, 2020 The using animals for medical research has been an unresolved battle that's hovered around since the establishment of the scientific discipline of bioethics in the 1960s.

  2. Should Animals be Used in Research: Argumentative Essay

    Should Animals be Used in Research: Argumentative Essay Exclusively available on IvyPanda Updated: Oct 30th, 2023 Should animals be used in research? This argumentative essay aims to answer the question. It focuses on pros and cons of animal testing for scientific and medical goals. We will write a custom essay on your topic 809 writers online

  3. Argumentative Essay About Animal Research

    ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS Animal research has been used for a multitude of reasons. Few consumers realize that their money is going to fund animal research when in reality both tax dollars and charitable donations and more everyday seemingly harmless actions often channel substantial amounts of consumer dollars towards animal testing and research.

  4. Argumentative Essay Topics About Animals

    Looking for a good argumentative essay topic about animals? You're in luck! We've put together a list of 20 topics that will get you started. Argumentative essay topics about animals can be divided into three categories: animal rights, animal welfare, and animal testing. Each one of these topics could be argued from multiple perspectives.

  5. Animal Testing: Should Animal Testing Be Allowed?

    — Argumentative Essay Exclusively available on IvyPanda Updated: Oct 29th, 2023 Table of Contents Animal Testing: Introduction Animal testing denotes the use of animals in medical experiments to unveil the potency, safety, toxicity, and viability of developed drugs.

  6. Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation

    Introduction. Animal model-based research has been performed for a very long time. Ever since the 5 th century B.C., reports of experiments involving animals have been documented, but an increase in the frequency of their utilization has been observed since the 19 th century [].Most institutions for medical research around the world use non-human animals as experimental subjects [].

  7. Argumentative Essay Topics About Animals: 20+ Ideas (For 2023)

    The following is a list of 30 argumentative essay topics on animals. All you have to do is to go through the list and choose a topic you feel is worth exploring. General Argumentative Essay Topics on Animals Can humans improve the lives of captive animals? Is it lawful to keep ocean marine in captivity?

  8. Should Animals be used in Medical Research?

    Synthesis. It is true that human race benefits greatly from the use of animals in the medical research. It is also true that the practice is inappropriate because it harms and kills the animals. Therefore, it is a practice that is beneficial to human beings while being destructive to animals. It is important to take care of human life and on ...

  9. Animal Research Argumentative Essay

    3 Pages Open Document Animal Research is topic that is highly debated by several people, especially those in the medical and the vet world. Why is this such a debatable topic to individuals? Many people consider animal research to cruel and inhumane, and others believe that it is for the greater good to help find cures for humans.

  10. Animal Testing Argumentative Essay by EduBirdie.com

    Opinions on the matter vary. Some find it necessary, and alternatives do not have the full impact that a living creature has. On the other hand, advocates say to cut the number of lab animals used. Animal welfare activists proclaimed that the "suffering or death" of the animal should not be allowed when being tested (source 1 1).

  11. Animal Testing Argumentative Essay Writing Guide

    An animal testing argumentative essay always mentions the benefit of reducing the number of errors and fatal mistakes owing to a round of tests on animals. It also mentions that the number of saved people's lives is enormous owing to the sacrificed lives of animals. Actually, there is hardly any effective alternative to animal testing.

  12. Animals Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

    In this open-access catalog of Animals Argumentative Essay examples, you are granted a thrilling opportunity to discover meaningful topics, content structuring techniques, text flow, formatting styles, and other academically acclaimed writing practices. Using them while crafting your own Animals Argumentative Essay will surely allow you to ...

  13. Ultimate List of 200 Animals Essay Topics

    Updated 11 Jan 2024 From middle school to college, we are often required to write all kinds of essays. This includes persuasive, informative, argumentative, and other types of essays. Animal essays can be in any of these categories, but the point is the same - their focus is on exciting topics concerning living creatures.

  14. Argumentative Essay Topics about Animals

    Argumentative Topics About Animals. 1. Keeping animals in zoos is inhumane. 2. It's irrational to be afraid of spiders since most of them are harmless. 3. It is necessary and acceptable to use higher animals, such as monkeys and chimpanzees, in laboratory research. 4.

  15. 105 Animal Testing Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

    Writing outstanding animal testing essays requires extensive research and dedication. We have prepared some do's and don'ts for your excellent essay. But first, you should select a topic for your paper. Here are the examples of animal testing essay topics you can choose from:

  16. Animal Research Argumentative Essay

    Animal Research Argumentative Essay 645 Words 3 Pages Products tested on animals or other biomedical research that resulted from animal studies could save many human lives.

  17. Animal Rights Argumentative Essay

    Animal Rights Argumentative Essay. Animal rights have been a consistent subject of debate, with animal activists emphasizing the need to differentiate between animal rights and welfare. The government's failure to lay down sufficient legislation to help in the protection of animals from human predation has made it difficult for several people ...

  18. The Argumentative Essay TOPIC: SHOULD ANIMALS BE USED FOR...

    The argumentative essay is written for someone else-a community of readers that is most impacted by the policy you are proposing to change (or keep the same). In this instance, you are writing to argue for or against a change (and thus convince readers that a change should or should not occur). ... Scientific Validity of Animal Research: ...

  19. Argumentative Essay against Animal Testing

    Bekoff claimed that "non-human animals are extremely smart and demonstrate emotional and moral intelligence". As he has proved in his numerous studies, animals can feel the same emotions that humans do, so animal testing can cause terrifying pain that animals can feel as much as humans.

  20. Animal Research Argumentative Essay

    Argumentative Essay: Should Animals Be Used For Research? Animal research is the use of non-humans (animals) in experiments and tests. Many people argue that animals should or should not be used for animal research with a multitude of reasons to support each claim.

  21. 150+ Argumentative Essay Topics About Animal Abuse

    Argumentative Research Paper Topics About Animal Abuse with prompts. Ethics- use of animals in the process of testing non-medical products. Essay prompt: poisoning, shocking, burning, and murdering animals has become a common practice for various companies producing non-medical products such as cosmetics, cleaning, storage, pharmacy, and office ...