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Is your Free T4 really in the Normal Range? Optimal vs Normal levels & More

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Evidence-Based

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Chances are VERY high that your Free T4 level isn’t actually normal even though it may be in the “normal range”.

Most people tend to blow off their Free T4 level because it isn’t the ‘free and active’ hormone, especially when compared to free T3. 

But that is a big mistake!

Free T4 still has a story to tell and it’s not something you want to miss out on.

For instance, your Free T4 level can actually help you determine how efficient your thyroid is converting T4 into T3 and may explain why you have a “low” TSH when you still feel terrible . 

In this article, I’m going to help you understand what your Free T4 level means and teach you how to determine if it is really in the “normal range”…

Is your Free T4 Normal & Optimal?

Unfortunately, it isn’t quite that easy…

There is no magic number that your Free T4 level needs to be in order for you to suddenly start feeling amazing.

It is just one small piece of a larger puzzle that is your entire health.

I’ve seen patients with low Free T4 levels who are asymptomatic, and I’ve seen patients with Free T4 levels in the upper 1/3 range who feel terrible . ​

Like other tests in medicine, it needs to be used in conjunction with your symptoms and other lab tests.

But before we get into the nitty-gritty, let’s talk about how to look at your own Free T4 level…

Consider the example below:

thyroid lab tests with free t4 and free t3 levels highlighted which are in the normal range but still represent abnormal values.

​Going off of lab tests alone you can see that this patient’s Free T4 levels fall within the lower 1/3 of the reference range. (Ignore her other lab values, we will get into those later)

If your Doctor were to see these labs he would absolutely tell you that your lab tests were “normal”, but is that really the case? 

In treating hundreds of patients I can tell you honestly that MOST patients feel significantly better when their Free T4 levels are towards the higher range, usually in the upper half.

And this correlates well with newer studies that show that patients with hypothyroidism require a higher free T4 to achieve a normal TSH (1). 

This study showed that, while treating patients with hypothyroidism, the goal should be to obtain a free thyroxine level in the upper part of the reference range . 

​ If you recall from basic Thyroid physiology , your Free T4 levels act as a reservoir or pool to draw upon when your body needs to create the active thyroid hormone Free T3 . 

So when thinking logically about this…

As your free T4 level increases, the more you can draw upon this pool to create the active hormone… right?

It turns out that this is the way that most Doctors (and subsequently patients) think about the thyroid.

Unfortunately, for at least 15% of the population, it isn’t true (2).

And that leaves us with a big problem:

highlight of a study which discusses the concept of tissue level hypothyroidism as a reason for why thyroid patients are so unhappy.

We are basing treatment recommendations on an incomplete picture and we are wondering why our thyroid patients feel terrible and are so unhappy (3).

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Your Free T4 and Thyroid Function

Here’s where things can get a little bit tricky, and why many Doctors may actually be telling you that your thyroid is “fine” when it really isn’t. 

I just said that high levels of Free T4 are good, right?

But that isn’t always the case. 

Refer back to what I said before about Free T4 being a reservoir for Free T3. 

What if you AREN’T converting T4 to T3? (What if your body isn’t utilizing that T4 correctly?). 

Well, let’s just think about this logically again using this example:

I want you to think about your thyroid as a Dam . 

Under normal circumstances, a Dam acts to hold back A LOT of water and only lets a certain amount of water go through in a controlled fashion. 

In this example, the pool of water behind the dam is your Free T4 level, and the water going through is your Free T3. 

What will happen to the system if you suddenly can’t let any water through? 

It all backs up, and the water behind the Dam continues to grow and grow. 

Well…

The same thing happens to your Free T4 level when there is a ‘kink’ in the system. 

But instead of water, your Free T4 level goes higher and higher…

Do you see the problem now?

A kink in the conversion process may actually cause your Free T4 levels to RISE and make you think that your thyroid function is normal when the exact opposite is happening . 

As your Free T4 level rises (because it can’t convert to Free T3) it shows up as high levels of Free T4 in the serum. These high levels of Free T4 actually act to suppress your TSH (because your pituitary doesn’t have the same deiodinases as the rest of the body (4)).

So your lab tests may look something like this:

  • High Free T4
  • Low total T3 and free T3
  • High reverse T3

Meanwhile, you are feeling terrible with every hypothyroid symptom in the book . 

Does this scenario sound familiar?

Don’t worry…

If it is happening to you we are going to discuss how to correctly diagnose it, but first, we need to talk about how T4 can be beneficial. 

Does Your T4 Even Matter?

​It’s easy to think that T4 doesn’t mean much because it isn’t the active thyroid hormone in your body . 

And it makes sense, but there is still some value in using and testing for it.

T4 levels give you an idea about how you are converting T4 into T3.

In keeping with the analogy I described above, your T4 level helps you to understand how your body is processing your T4 and T3 thyroid hormones (5).

High levels of T4 with correspondingly low levels of T3 may indicate that you need to focus on improving your T4 to T3 conversion.

You can read more about how to naturally increase your T3 levels and thus thyroid conversion here . ​

T4 levels can give you an idea if you are properly absorbing thyroid hormone (6).

Another huge benefit of testing your T4 levels is understanding if your body is actually absorbing your thyroid hormone. 

a list of reasons that cause t4 malabsorption taken from a clinical study.

Naturally, your T4 levels should increase as you take thyroid hormone (though it is important to realize that your symptoms may not improve just because your T4 level increases).

By testing your T4 level both before and after you start thyroid hormone (this only applies to T4 only thyroid medication) you can get a rough idea as to whether or not you are absorbing the medication .

Believe it or not, absorption of thyroid hormone is a big deal and something that is frequently missed (7).

You can learn more about how to properly take your thyroid medication in this post which explains how changing the time of day you take your thyroid medication can actually improve thyroid absorption and thyroid function. 

T4 levels can help you determine if you need to focus on improving your thyroid conversion vs increasing thyroid hormone production.

This is primarily helpful for patients who know that they have hypothyroidism, but whose physician is unwilling to treat them with thyroid hormone. 

Most physicians are willing to at least test both TSH and free T4 levels which can give you, as the patient, a lot of information.

If you know that your T4 and T3 levels are low then you can focus on  taking supplements and taking action to increase your thyroid hormone production .

On the other hand, if your T4 levels are high and your T3 levels are low – you as the patient can focus on taking  supplements designed to boost T4 to T3 conversion .

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Over 13 nutrients are involved in thyroid hormone production  (8) and some supplements may help thyroid conversion. 

It turns out that many patients (even those on thyroid hormone) have deficiencies in some of these nutrients which may lead to poor thyroid hormone production and conversion.

If you have Hashimoto’s then the supplements you should consider using are slightly different from the list above and you  can find more information on which supplements are best for autoimmune thyroiditis here . 

​T4 levels can help you determine if you would benefit from adding T3 thyroid medication. 

Let’s say that you are taking T4-only thyroid medication (like Synthroid) and your T4 level is high (so you know you are absorbing it) but your T3 level is still low and you are still having symptoms of hypothyroidism. 

Even in the presence of a low reverse T3 (which means you are still converting thyroid hormone ok), this may indicate that you might benefit from the addition of T3 thyroid hormone. 

Recall that T3 thyroid hormone is the most powerful thyroid hormone and is responsible for all of the good things that thyroid hormone does in your body. 

So remember:

While T4 isn’t the best thyroid test, it can still give you plenty of helpful information – especially if your Doctor isn’t willing to order the complete thyroid panel . ​

How T4 Changes with Thyroid Medication

Another very important factor is understanding how your free T4 level changes with different types of thyroid hormone.

This is worth mentioning because it isn’t always intuitive and it can lead some patients into thinking that they are not heading in the right direction even though they might be . ​

T4 on Levothyroxine (Synthroid, generic Levothyroxine, Tirosint)

The way your T4 level changes when taking T4-only thyroid medication is actually quite intuitive.

Assuming you are absorbing enough thyroid hormone, your T4 level should increase as your increase your T4 dose.

Makes sense right?

Sometimes, though, this doesn’t happen and even if it does it doesn’t necessarily mean everything is “all good”.

As I mentioned above, your T4 level might NOT raise if your dose isn’t high enough and/or if you aren’t properly absorbing the medication you are taking.

And, even if it does, there are studies showing (9) that patients who take T4-only thyroid medication show lower T3 levels than healthy populations – indicating that many patients just don’t do well on these T4-only thyroid medications. 

the conclusion of a study which showed that participants using t4 only thyroid medications had lower t3 levels compared to

There are ways that you can improve the function of thyroid hormone if you are taking T4-only thyroid medication and not feeling better:

1) Consider switching to Tirosint. 

Tirosint contains 3 inactive ingredients and can help increase the absorption and effectiveness of thyroid hormone. 

The case can even be made that you should consider switching over to Tirosint if you are currently taking Synthroid or levothyroxine. 

2) Consider switching to 50mcg increments of Levothyroxine

The 50mcg tablet of levothyroxine contains the fewest inactive ingredients out of all of the other Levothyroxine dosages (For example the 100mcg tablet and so on). 

Changing your dose from 1, 100mcg tablet of levothyroxine to 2, 50mcg tablets of levothyroxine may help increase absorption and reduce any symptoms you may be having. ​

3) Consider switching from Levothyroxine to Synthroid or Synthroid to Levothyroxine

While these medications may appear to be the exact same, studies have shown that they are not bioequivalent (10). 

What this means is that your body may process them differently which may result in varying thyroid levels. 

This is an easy test because all you have to do is switch from taking one medication to the other and you may notice a difference. 

  • Bottom line: If you are taking T4-only thyroid medication (Synthroid, Levothyroxine, Levoxyl) then your free T4 level should increase. If it doesn’t then you may have an absorption issue and you may benefit from switching to Tirosint. 

T4 with NDT (Armour, WP thyroid, Naturethroid)

The way that T4 changes with NDT aren’t as straightforward as it is with T4-only medications.

Any thyroid medication that contains T3 thyroid hormone, at high enough doses, will generally cause your free T4 level to drop (11). 

The degree of how much it lowers largely depends on the dose of T3 you are taking. 

study with text highlighted showing that free t4 levels were lower in a group of patients taking only t4 only thyroid medication.

The higher the dose of T3 the lower your free T4 will go. 

The reason for this has to do with how T3 and T4 influence pituitary function. 

T3 thyroid hormone is 3-4 times more potent at lowering the TSH (12) than T4 is alone. 

As your TSH lowers your body produces less T4 thyroid hormone by itself (and becomes more reliant upon medications to supplement thyroid hormone levels). 

As long as you have a functioning thyroid gland (assuming it isn’t taken out or destroyed by radioactive ablation) then your thyroid will be producing SOME T4 and T3 even if you are taking thyroid medication .

But as you increase the dose of T3 you are taking then that amount your thyroid produces drops. ​

​This will usually result in a decrease in your Free T4 level. 

As you know NDT (natural desiccated thyroid) contains mostly T4 and some T3.

This ratio is close to 80% T4 and 20% T3, which means that the medication is still mostly T4 thyroid hormone.

But even that small amount of T3 is enough to shoot up T3 levels and drop T4 levels in the body.

One mistake I see patients (and doctors make) is increasing the NDT dose while trying to get to some mythical and optimal T4 level in the serum.

In some ways this is futile, as you increase your NDT dose it will drive down your T4 level in the serum which leads to higher and higher levels of NDT.

This can actually backfire and result in high levels of reverse T3 and very high levels of free T3 . 

If you are taking 4+ grains of NDT and still experiencing symptoms of hypothyroidism, then this may be happening inside your body. ​

  • Bottom line: With lower doses of NDT your free T4 level may actually drop somewhat. Higher doses of NDT (greater than 4 grains) will usually cause the free T4 to increase but this isn’t necessarily helpful. 

T4 with T3 Medications Like Cytomel and Liothyronine

This is where things get really interesting. 

Taking T3-only thyroid medication like Cytomel or liothyronine will cause your free T4 to drop below the “normal” range completely and even flag as low.

This has to do with the fact that you are suppressing the TSH with the T3 and so endogenous production of T4 decreased dramatically.

Taking T3-only thyroid medication also causes reverse T3 levels to drop too low levels as well (this is usually a good thing).

To recap what happens on T3-only thyroid medication:

  • TSH level falls
  • Free T3 level increases
  • Free T4 level decreases
  • Reverse T3 level drops

What you really need to get out of all of this is the fact that your free T4 levels do not necessarily need to be in some magical “optimal” range for you to feel good. 

Basing your treatment on these ranges may lead to suboptimal treatment as you chase all the wrong results. 

Instead of laser focusing on your free T4, make sure that you look at your T4 in context with other thyroid lab tests . 

  • Bottom line: Taking T3-only thyroid medication will dramatically reduce your free T4 level and this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. 

Symptoms of Low T4 & T3

​Low free T3 and free T4 levels may indicate low thyroid function, but they may also indicate a condition known as euthyroid sick syndrome or low T3 syndrome . 

This condition is very similar to hypothyroidism, but some patients with it may not experience symptoms, whereas all patients with hypothyroidism will experience symptoms. 

If you suffer from low T3 and/or low T4 then you are also very likely to experience all of the symptoms of hypothyroidism, but with some other slight changes. 

Symptoms of low T3 and low T4 include:

  • Constant fatigue
  • Reduced response to T4-only thyroid medications
  • Weight gain (even while on thyroid medication) 
  • Low resting heart rate
  • Low body temperature

Many of these symptoms result from low T3 levels directly or from the reduced conversion of T4 to T3. 

Patients who are taking thyroid medication (who still have low T4 levels) may experience many of these symptoms (13) which should spark a further investigation by your physician.

If you fall into that category make sure that you properly evaluate how effective your conversion is, and how effective your native thyroid hormone production is (use examples above). ​

Why you need the Complete Thyroid Panel

Because testing for thyroid hormone levels isn’t always intuitive, it’s very important that each time you check your thyroid levels you obtain a complete panel. 

While not all lab tests may be necessary EACH and every time you get blood work, it’s still a good idea to get all of these tests to create baseline values that you can compare further testing to. 

Let’s go back to the initial example we used at the beginning of this post:

the same image showed at the beginning of the post used here for emphasis which displays normal t4 and t3 values which are not optimal.

At first glance, you may be thinking that this patient is completely normal. 

Her TSH is in the 1-2 range, her Free T3 is in the mid-range, and it’s only her Free T4 that is in the low range.

But she is actually quite hypothyroid and I know this because I treated her!

It isn’t until you order her Reverse T3 level that you finally get a better picture as to what is happening…

the repeat image form the beginning of the article used here for emphasis to show that a normal reverse t3 level is not optimal.

​Once you see and understand her Reverse T3 level you begin to understand her thyroid physiology.

The only reason her Free T3 levels even look moderately normal is that her Reverse T3 levels are inappropriately blocking any Free T3 that she has.

Remember that Reverse T3 and Free T3 both compete for cellular binding (14).

If you take into account her high Reverse T3 level, her Free T3 level suddenly starts to make more sense. 

In her case, her Free T4 level never got into the ‘optimal high’ range, but you can definitely tell that it is also inappropriately high for her, given that she can barely convert T4 to T3. 

​The bottom line:

You need a Complete Thyroid Panel if you want to have ANY idea of what is going on with your thyroid .

That means you need the following tests:

  • Thyroid Antibodies
  • Sex hormone-binding globulin

​And remember:

Just ordering the tests isn’t going to be enough.

You need to make sure that you and your Doctor know how to actually interpret them so you don’t fall victim to the trap I just showed you above. ​

Conclusion + Recap

Your Free T4 levels can give you amazing insight into how well your Thyroid is functioning, but you need to remember that they are only a small piece of an even larger puzzle. 

It is possible that your Free T4 levels may be inappropriately elevated ​and that isn’t always a good thing. 

If your Free T4 levels are high and you still feel terrible, then you need to make sure you are also checking your Free T3 levels and your Reverse T3 levels.

​Using these lab values together, in combination with your symptoms, will help you to understand how well your thyroid is functioning. 

So what should your T4 levels be?

If you aren’t taking thyroid hormone, then optimal levels are generally in the upper 50% of the reference range .

If you are already taking thyroid hormone then the upper 50% of the reference range doesn’t always hold, instead, you need to be focusing on other factors . 

Now I want to hear from you: 

Are your free T4 levels high but you still feel terrible?

Is your doctor willing to order the RIGHT tests?

What has helped you feel better in this situation?

Leave your comments or questions below!

Scientific References

#1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18753096

#2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19190113

#3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169863/

#4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6595194

#5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3887425/

#6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3857600/

#7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28153426

#8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285550/

#9. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/jc.2016-2660

#10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3565118/

#11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5873391/

#12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/402379

#13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381251

#14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869352/

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Home » Thyroid Function Tests

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Thyroid Function Tests

What is the thyroid gland.

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland that is normally located in the lower front of the neck. The thyroid’s job is to make thyroid hormones, which are secreted into the blood and then carried to every tissue in the body. Thyroid hormones help the body use energy, stay warm and keep the brain, heart, muscles, and other organs working as they should.

HOW DOES THE THYROID GLAND FUNCTION?

The major thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, also called T4 because it contains four iodine atoms. To exert its effects, T4 is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) by the removal of an iodine atom. This occurs mainly in the liver and in certain tissues where T3 acts, such as in the brain. The amount of T4 produced by the thyroid gland is controlled by another hormone, which is made in the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain, called thyroid stimulating hormone (abbreviated TSH). The amount of TSH that the pituitary sends into the bloodstream depends on the amount of T4 that the pituitary sees. If the pituitary sees very little T4, then it produces more TSH to tell the thyroid gland to produce more T4. Once the T4 in the bloodstream goes above a certain level, the pituitary’s production of TSH is shut off. In fact, the thyroid and pituitary act in many ways like a heater and a thermostat. When the heater is off and it becomes cold, the thermostat reads the temperature and turns on the heater. When the heat rises to an appropriate level, the thermostat senses this and turns off the heater. Thus, the thyroid and the pituitary, like a heater and thermostat, turn on and off. This is illustrated in the figure below.

Figure 1

T4 and T3 circulate almost entirely bound to specific transport proteins. If the levels of these transport proteins changes, there can be changes in how much bound T4 and T3 is measured. This frequently happens during pregnancy and with the use of birth control pills. The “free” T4 or T3 is the hormone that is unbound and able to enter and affect the body tissues.

Blood tests to measure these hormones are readily available and widely used, but not all are useful in all situations. Tests to evaluate thyroid function include the following:

TSH TESTS The best way to initially test thyroid function is to measure the TSH level in a blood sample. Changes in TSH can serve as an “early warning system” – often occurring before the actual level of thyroid hormones in the body becomes too high or too low. A high TSH level indicates that the thyroid gland is not making enough thyroid hormone (primary hypothyroidism). The opposite situation, in which the TSH level is low, usually indicates that the thyroid is producing too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). Occasionally, a low TSH may result from an abnormality in the pituitary gland, which prevents it from making enough TSH to stimulate the thyroid (secondary hypothyroidism). In most healthy individuals, a normal TSH value means that the thyroid is functioning properly.

T4 TESTS T4 is the main form of thyroid hormone circulating in the blood. A Total T4 measures the bound and free hormone and can change when binding proteins differ (see above). A Free T4 measures what is not bound and able to enter and affect the body tissues. Tests measuring free T4 – either a free T4 (FT4) or free T4 index (FTI) – more accurately reflect how the thyroid gland is functioning when checked with a TSH.

The finding of an elevated TSH and low FT4 or FTI indicates primary hypothyroidism due to disease in the thyroid gland. A low TSH and low FT4 or FTI indicates hypothyroidism due to a problem involving the pituitary gland. A low TSH with an elevated FT4 or FTI is found in individuals who have hyperthyroidism .

T3 TESTS T3 tests are often useful to diagnosis hyperthyroidism or to determine the severity of the hyperthyroidism. Patients who are hyperthyroid will have an elevated T3 level. In some individuals with a low TSH, only the T3 is elevated and the FT4 or FTI is normal. T3 testing rarely is helpful in the hypothyroid patient, since it is the last test to become abnormal. Patients can be severely hypothyroid with a high TSH and low FT4 or FTI, but have a normal T3.

FREE T3 Measurement of free T3 is possible, but is often not reliable and therefore not typically helpful.

REVERSE T3 Reverse T3 is a biologically inactive protein that is structurally very similar to T3, but the iodine atoms are placed in different locations, which makes it inactive. Some reverse T3 is produced normally in the body, but is then rapidly degraded. In healthy, non-hospitalized people, measurement of reverse T3 does not help determine whether hypothyroidism exists or not, and is not clinically useful.

THYROID ANTIBODY TESTS

The immune system of the body normally protects us from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses by destroying these invaders with substances called antibodies produced by blood cells known as lymphocytes. In many patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, lymphocytes react against the thyroid (thyroid autoimmunity) and make antibodies against thyroid cell proteins. Two common antibodies are thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody. Measuring levels of thyroid antibodies may help diagnose the cause of the thyroid problem. For example, positive anti-thyroid peroxidase and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in a patient with hypothyroidism result in a diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. While detecting antibodies is helpful in the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis, following their levels over time is not helpful in detecting the development of hypothyroidism or response to therapy. TSH and FT4 are what tell us about the actual thyroid function or levels.

A different antibody that may be positive in a patient with hyperthyroidism is the stimulatory TSH receptor antibody (TSI). This antibody causes the thyroid to be overactive in Graves’ Disease . If you have Graves’ disease, your doctor might also order a thyrotropin receptor antibody test (TSHR or TRAb), which detects both stimulating and blocking antibodies. Following antibody levels in Graves’ patients may help to assess response to treatment of hyperthyroidism, to determine when it is appropriate to discontinue antithyroid medication, and to assess the risk of passing antibodies to the fetus during pregnancy.

THYROGLOBULIN Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a protein produced by normal thyroid cells and thyroid cancer cells. It is not a measure of thyroid function and it does not diagnose thyroid cancer when the thyroid gland is still present. It is used most often in patients who have had surgery for thyroid cancer in order to monitor them after treatment. Tg is included in this brochure of thyroid function tests to communicate that, although measured frequently in certain scenarios and individuals, Tg is not a primary measure of thyroid hormone function.

NON-BLOOD TESTS

RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE Because T4 contains iodine, the thyroid gland must pull a large amount of iodine from the bloodstream in order to make an appropriate amount of T4. The thyroid has developed a very active mechanism for doing this. Therefore, this activity can be measured by having an individual swallow a small amount of iodine, which is radioactive. The radioactivity allows the doctor to track where the iodine goes. By measuring the amount of radioactivity that is taken up by the thyroid gland (radioactive iodine uptake, RAIU), doctors may determine whether the gland is functioning normally. A very high RAIU is seen in individuals whose thyroid gland is overactive ( hyperthyroidism ), while a low RAIU is seen when the thyroid gland is underactive ( hypothyroidism ). In addition to the radioactive iodine uptake, a thyroid scan may be obtained, which shows a picture of the thyroid gland and reveals what parts of the thyroid have taken up the iodine (see Thyroid Nodules brochure ).

MEDICATIONS THAT INTERFERE WITH THYROID FUNCTION TESTING

There are many medications that can affect thyroid function testing. Some common examples include:

  • Estrogens , such as in birth control pills, or in pregnancy, cause high levels of total T4 and T3. This is because estrogens increase the level of the binding proteins. In these situations, it is better to ask both for TSH and free T4 for thyroid evaluation, which will typically be in the normal range.
  • Biotin , a commonly taken over-the-counter supplement, can cause the measurement of several thyroid function tests to appear abnormal, when they are in fact normal in the blood. Biotin should not be taken for 2 days before blood is drawn for thyroid function testing to avoid this effect.

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T4 slip – Information for employers

You may be looking for : T4 slip – Information for employees

On this page

What is a t4 slip, when to issue, what to report, how to fill out.

A T4 slip identifies all of the remuneration paid by an employer to an employee during a calendar year.

You can get a Form T4 slip  in a PDF or PDF fillable/saveable format to file on paper.

T4 2023 slip

If you are an employer (resident  or  non-resident) and you paid your employees employment income, commissions, taxable allowances and benefits, fishing income, or any other remuneration, you  must  issue a T4 slip if  any  of the following apply:

  • You deducted CPP/QPP, EI, PPIP, or income tax from remuneration paid to your employee
  • If the remuneration paid to your employee is  not  included on the exception list  , the total of all remuneration paid in the calendar year was more than  $500  (under the CRA administrative policy)

If you provide current or former employees with taxable group term life insurance benefits, you always have to issue a T4 slip, even if the total of all remuneration paid in the calendar year is $500 or less .

  • Salary or wages
  • Tips or gratuities
  • Vacation pay
  • Employment commissions
  • Gross and insurable earnings of self-employed fishers
  • Taxable benefits or allowances

Retiring allowances

  • Deductions withheld during the year
  • Pension adjustment (PA) amounts for employees who accrued a benefit for the year under your registered pension plan (RPP) or deferred profit sharing plan (DPSP)
  • Security options benefits provided to an employee, former employee or non-resident employee

Do not report

  • If you paid pensions, lump-sum payments, annuities, or other income (including amounts paid to a proprietor or partner of an unincorporated business) use: T4A slips – Information for payers
  • If you paid amounts from a retirement compensation agreement use: T4A-RCA slips – Retirement Compensation Arrangement (RCA) trust
  • If you paid fees (except for director fees), commissions, or other amounts to a non-resident for services rendered in Canada, other than employment situations: use T4A-NR slips – Payments to non-residents for services provided in Canada
  • If you are an employer with construction as your primary source of business income use: T1204 – Government services contract payments or T5018 – Statement of contract payments
  • If you have multiple payroll accounts, file a T4 return for each payroll account
  • Income is reported on a T4 slip for the year in which it is paid , regardless of when it was earned
  • If your employee worked in more than one province or territory during the year , fill out a T4 slip for each province or territory
  • Report, in dollars and cents, all amounts you paid during the year (except pension adjustment amounts, which are reported in dollars only)
  • A maximum of 10 digits, including cents, can be reported using box 14
  • Report all amounts in Canadian dollars, even if they were paid in another currency. Learn more about the average exchange rates: Exchange rates
  • Do not show negative dollar amounts on slips, to make changes to previous years. Learn more: Make corrections after filing
  • If a box does not have a value, do not enter "nil" or "N/A", leave the box blank
  • Do not change the headings of any of the boxes
  • Do not enter hyphens or dashes between numbers
  • Do not enter the dollar sign ($)

The "Other information" area at the bottom of the T4 slip has boxes for you to enter codes and amounts that relate to employment commissions, taxable allowances and benefits, deductible amounts, fishers' income, and other entries if they apply.

The boxes are not pre-numbered. Enter the codes and amounts that apply to the employee.

Example of how to complete the boxes in the Other information section of the T4 slip

If more than 6 codes apply to the same employee (overflow T4 slips):

  • Use an additional T4 slip
  • Enter only the employer's name and address, the employee's SIN and name, province code, applicable CPP/QPP and/or EI exempt status, pensionable and insurable earnings of zero and fill out the required boxes in the "Other information" area
  • Report each code and amount only once
  • Do not repeat all the data on the additional slip

Before you fill out the T4 slip , make sure to review the list of special situations  . You can filter by key words to find information specific to your situation.

   View examples of completed T4 slips in regular and special situations

  • Expand all Collapse all

Identification

Enter the 4 digits of the calendar year in which you made the payment to the employee.

Enter your legal name, your operating or trading name (if it differs from your legal name) and address.

Enter all in capital letters the employee's last name followed by the employee's first name and initials.

If the employee has more than one initial, enter the employee’s first name followed by the initials in the "First name" field.

Do not enter titles, such as Director, Mr, or Mrs.

Enter the employee's home address, including the province or territory, the postal code and the country.

Enter the provincial or territorial abbreviation for the province or territory of employment. This is not always the province where the employer is located.

Specific situation

Learn more: Determine the province of employment (POE) .

Enter the social insurance number (SIN) provided by the employee.

Specific situations

Enter the permanent SIN if the employee had a SIN beginning with a 9 and later in the year received a permanent SIN.

Do not prepare 2 T4 slips.

Learn more: Get the social insurance number (SIN) .

Do not use box 28 if you report any of the following:

  • pensionable earnings using box 26
  • retiring allowances and no other type of income is paid, reported using code 66 , code 67 or code 69
  • an amount greater than "0" using boxes 16 , 16A , 17 , 17A or 26
  • an amount of "0" in box 26 and the employee gave you a copy of a filled out Form CPT30, Election to Stop Contributing to the Canada Pension Plan, or Revocation of a Prior Election

Enter an "X" or a checkmark under CPP / QPP if one of the following applies:

  • you do not have to report any amount because you did not have to deduct CPP or QPP contributions for the full reporting period
  • you enter an employment code using box 29

Do not use box 28 if you report EI premiums deducted using box 18 or EI insurable earnings using box 24 .

Enter an "X" or a checkmark under EI if you do not have to report any amount because you did not have to deduct EI premiums for the full reporting period.

Do not use box 28 if you report PPIP premiums using box 55 or PPIP insurable earnings using box 56 .

Enter an "X" or a checkmark under PPIP if you do not have to report any amount because you did not have to deduct PPIP premiums for the full reporting period.

Learn more: Get ready to make deductions and CPP/EI explained .

Enter the appropriate employment code in box 29 if one of the following situations applies. Otherwise, leave it blank.

Use code 11 if the following apply:

You are an agency's client and:

  • The agency placed a worker under your direction and control
  • You pay the worker
  • The worker is not the agency's employee

You are a placement or employment agency and:

  • You placed the worker under the direction and control of one of your clients

Do not use code 11 if you are an agency or the agency's client and the worker is paid self-employment income, use the T4A slip – Information for payers .

Learn more: Payments to employee of an employment agency (temporary-help) and Placement/employment agencies – CPP/EI explained .

Use code 12 if the worker you paid is a taxi driver or a driver of other passenger-carrying vehicle and is not your employee. This also applies if the person you paid is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act.

Learn more: Payments to taxi and other passenger-carrying drivers .

Use code 13 if the worker you paid is all of the following:

  • Barber or a hairdresser providing their services in an establishment that offers barbering and hairdressing services
  • Not the owner or operator of the establishment
  • Not your employee

This also applies if the person you paid is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act.

Learn more: Payments to barbers and hairdressers and Barbers and hairdressers – CPP/EI explained .

Use code 14 if the payment involves a prescribed salary deferral plan or arrangement. This includes when you are paying both of the following:

  • Salary to the participant and part of the salary are deferred
  • Paying out the deferred salary to the participant

Do not use code 14 if the salary deferral arrangement is not a prescribed plan.

Learn more: Payments related to salary deferral arrangements .

Use code 15 if the worker meets all conditions to be a foreign worker employed in Canada under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program.

Learn more: Payments to agriculture and horticulture workers and Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program .

Use code 16 if your employee is considered detached and you entered in box 10 that your employee worked in a country other than Canada using abbreviations US or ZZ, for all or part of the year .

A detachment is when an employee is temporarily assigned, posted, or seconded to another country for a specific period of time. A worker is not considered detached if they have been permanently transferred or appointed to a position in another country

Learn more: Employee who is working outside Canada for a Canadian company or the Canadian government and Employment outside Canada – CPP/EI explained .

Use code 17 if the worker meets all conditions to be a self-employed fisher. This also applies if the person you paid is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act.

Learn more: Payments to fishers and Fishers – CPP/EI explained .

For calendar year 2023 and after, it is  mandatory  to indicate whether the employee or any of their family members were  eligible , on December 31 of that year, to  access  any dental care insurance, or coverage of dental services of any kind, that you offered.

Do not use box 45 before January 2024 if you are filing electronically.

To reduce the burden on employers, for calendar year 2023 only , it is not mandatory to fill out box 45 when and only when code 1 is applicable.

This administrative policy applies only if all reasonable efforts have been made to comply with the reporting requirements.

To reduce the burden on employers, if you filed your T4 slips for calendar year 2023 before January 2024 , you do not have to file amended T4 slips to report this code.

Learn more on the Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP): Dental coverage .

Enter your 15-character  payroll account number  (for example, 123456789RP0001) on your copy and the copy you send to the CRA only .

Do not enter your account number on the copies you give to the employees.

Income and source deductions

Report your employee's total income before deductions using box 14.

A maximum of 10 digits, including cents, can be reported using box 14 .

Depending on the type of payment you made, you may also need to report these amounts in "Other information" using specific codes.

Generally, you have to report payments from the following using box 14:

  • Salary, wages, commissions or other remuneration including taxable benefits
  • Honorariums from employment or office, director's fees, management fees, fees paid to board or committee members and executor's, liquidator's, or administrator's fees earned to administer an estate (as long as the executor, liquidator, or administrator  does not act in this capacity  in the regular course of business)
  • Bonuses or retroactive pay increases and vacation pay
  • Wages in lieu of termination notice
  • Remuneration paid while the employee is on vacation, furlough, sabbatical, or sick leave, or for lost-time pay from a union, vacation pay, benefits paid under a supplementary unemployment benefit plan to a trustee for payment of periodic amounts to employees who are laid off for any temporary or indefinite period (such as employer paid maternity and parental top-up amounts) and payments for sick leave credits and accrued vacation
  • Wage-loss replacement plans benefits
  • Tips and gratuities that are  controlled  by you and received from the performance of services are considered income from employment
  • Additional  amounts that  you pay  while participating in a job creation project that Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) has approved
  • Remuneration paid to a member of a religious order who has taken a vow of perpetual poverty, unless you pay the remuneration to the order or the employee gives you a letter of authority

Report payments you made under a supplementary unemployment benefit plan ( SUBP ), such as maternity, parental and compassionate care top ups that do not qualify as a SUBP under the Income Tax Act, whether they are registered with Services Canada or not using box 14.

Do not report any top-up amounts paid under a SUBP that qualifies as a SUBP under the Income Tax Act using box 14, use the T4A slip .

Learn more: Payments from supplementary unemployment benefit plan (SUBP) .

Do not report income you paid using box 14 if you are using box 29 with the following employment codes:

  • 11 – Placement or employment agency worker, use code 81
  • 12 – Taxi drivers and drivers of other passenger-carrying vehicles, use code 82
  • 13 – Barber or hairdresser, use code 83
  • 16 – Detached employee – Social security agreement, and no other type of income is reported on the T4 slip
  • 17 – Self-employed fishing income, use code 78 , code 79 or code 80
  • 12, 13 or 17 – Tax-exempt income paid to a worker who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act, use code 88

Do not report retiring allowances using box 14:

  • use code 66 to report eligible retiring allowances
  • use code 67 to report non-eligible retiring allowances
  • use code 69 to report tax-exempt non-eligible retiring allowances paid to your employee who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act

Report the total amount of the board and lodging benefit paid to your employee using box 14 and code 30 .

Do not report using box 14 if you paid lodging and housing benefit at special work sites , use code 31 for the tax-exempt board, lodging and housing at the special work sites.

Report the total amount of the travel benefit paid to your employees using box 14 and code 32 .

Report the value of the automobile benefit for the personal use of the automobiles or motor vehicles you provided to your employee (as a result of their current, previous or intended office or employment) using box 14 and code 34 .

Report the value of the taxable benefit from an interest-free or low-interest loan you provided to your employee using box 14 and code 36 .

Report the total value of the security options taxable benefit you provided to your employee using box 14 and code 38 .

Report the value of the taxable benefits you provided to your employee using box 14 and code 40 unless the benefit is reported in other codes of the T4 slip.

Report the employment income from employment commissions you paid to your employee who sold property or negotiated contracts for you using code box 14 and code 42 .

Do not include GST/HST or PST in the amount reported in box 14.

Report the employment income using box 14 and code 43 . Only report the employment income up to the maximum rate of pay earned by a lieutenant-colonel of the Canadian Armed Forces using code 43.

Report the taxable employment income you as a government, municipality, or public authority paid to your employee who is an emergency volunteer (such as a firefighter, ambulance technician, or search and rescue volunteer) using box 14

Do not report the tax-exempt amount (up to $1,000) you paid to your employee who is an emergency volunteer using box 14, use code 87 .

You must report the total amount using box 14 if you paid the individual other than as a volunteer for performing the same or similar duties.

Report the rental payments you made to employees for the use of their own power saws or tree trimmers using box 14.

Do not reduce the amount reported in box 14 by the cost or value of saws, trimmers, parts, gasoline, or any other materials the employee supplies.

Report the salary overpayment you made to your employee using box 14 if your employee:

  • Does not repay you
  • Repaid you, but they did not perform their duties

Do not report any amount using box 14 if the employee repaid you but the repayment was because of a clerical, administrative or system error.

Learn more when on how to make corrections when the employee repays you: Make corrections after filing .

Learn more:

  • Determine if a benefit is taxable
  • Determine the tax treatment of payments other than regular employment income

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the Canada Pension Plan ( CPP ) contributions using box 16 if you enter in box 10 that your employee had a province of employment other than Quebec. If you report an amount in box 16, you have to report pensionable earnings using box 26 .

Do not report the employer's share of CPP contributions on the T4 slip.

Do not report any amount using box 16 if you did not deduct CPP .

Do not report any amount using box 16 if box 10 shows the employee's province of employment is Quebec, use box 17 .

Do not report CPP2 contributions using box 16, use box 16A .

Report the total CPP deductions using box 16 and the correct pensionable earnings using box 26 if you over deducted CPP contributions (overpayment) from your employee and did not reimburse them .

Learn more if you over deducted CPP contributions:

  • Make corrections before filing if you reimbursed them
  • Make corrections after filing

Do not report any recovered amount using box 16 if you under deducted CPP contributions.

Learn more if you under deducted CPP contributions:

  • Make corrections before filing

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the CPP contributions using box 16. If you report an amount in box 16 , you have to report pensionable earnings using box 26 .

Tax-exempt employment income you paid to an employee who is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act is not pensionable, unless you elected to provide CPP coverage to all of your First Nations employees on their tax-exempt employment income.

Report the amount you are paying for your employee CPP contributions using box 16 if you use employment code 16 – Detached employee – Social security agreement  . You, as the employer, are paying CPP on behalf of the detached employee.

Report the amounts your employee contributed to CPP and QPP during the same year using 2 separate T4 slips as follows:

  • 1 slip showing the applicable province or territory of employment (other than Quebec) for the CPP contributions you deducted using box 16 and the employee's CPP/QPP pensionable earnings using box 26
  • 1 slip showing the province of employment as Quebec for the QPP contributions you deducted using box 17 and the employee's CPP/QPP pensionable earnings using box 26

Learn more: About the deduction of Canada Pension Plan (CPP) contributions .

For T4 slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after, report the amount of CPP2 contributions you deducted from your employee in box 16A if you enter in box 10 that your employee had a province of employment other than Quebec.

Do not report any amount using box 16A if you did not deduct CPP2 .

Do not report any amount using box 16A if box 10 shows the employee's province of employment is Quebec, use box 17A .

Do not report any amount using box 16A if your employee has not reached the first maximum earnings ceiling, use box 16 .

Report the total CPP2 deductions using box 16A and the correct pensionable earnings using box 26 if you over deducted CPP2 contributions (overpayment) from your employee and did not reimburse them .

Learn more if you over deducted CPP2 contributions:

Do not report any recovered amount using box 16A if you under deducted CPP2 contributions.

Learn more if you under deducted CPP2 contributions:

If required, the CRA may need to update the instructions during 2023.

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the Quebec Pension Plan ( QPP ) contributions using box 17 if you enter in box 10 that your employee had a province of employment in Quebec. If you report an amount in box 17, you have to report pensionable earnings using box 26 .

Do not report the employer's share of QPP contributions on the T4 slip.

Do not report any amount using box 17 if you did not deduct QPP .

Do not report any amount using box 17 if box 10 shows the employee's province of employment is other than Quebec, use box 16 .

Do not report QPP2 contributions using box 17, use box 17A .

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the QPP contributions using box 17. If you report an amount in box 17, you have to report pensionable earnings using box 26 .

Tax-exempt employment income you paid to an employee who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act is not pensionable and you must deduct QPP contributions.

  • 1 slip showing the applicable province or territory of employment (other than Quebec) for the CPP contributions you deducted using box 16 and the employee's CPP / QPP pensionable earnings using box 26
  • 1 slip showing the province of employment as Quebec for the QPP contributions you deducted using box 17 and the employee's CPP / QPP pensionable earnings using box 26

Learn more: Québec Pension Plan Contributions | Revenu Québec .

For T4 slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after, report the amount of QPP2 contributions you deducted from your employee in box 17A if you enter in box 10 that your employee worked in the province of Quebec .

Do not report any amount using box 17A if you did not deduct QPP2 .

Do not report any amount using box 17A if box 10 shows the employee's province of employment is other than Quebec, use box 16A .

Do not report any amount using box 17A if your employee has not reached the first maximum earnings ceiling, use box 17 .

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the employment insurance ( EI ) premiums using box 18. If you report an amount in box 18, you have to report insurable earnings using box 24 .

Do not report the employer's share of EI premiums on the T4 slip.

Do not report any amount using box 18 if you did not deduct EI .

Report the total EI deductions using box 18 and the correct insurable earnings using box 24 if you over deducted EI premiums (overpayment) from your employee and did not reimburse them .

Learn more if you over deducted EI premiums:

Do not report any recovered amount using box 18 if you under deducted EI premiums.

Learn more if you under deducted EI premiums:

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the EI premiums using box 18. If you report an amount in box 18, you have to report insurable earnings using box 24 .

Tax-exempt employment income you paid to an employee who is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act is insurable and you must deduct EI premiums.

Report amounts you remitted for the self-employed worker's share of EI premiums using box 18. If you report an amount in box 18, you have to report insurable earnings using box 24 .

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of EI premiums calculated using the Quebec EI rate using box 18. If you report an amount in box 18, you have to report insurable earnings using box 24 .

Learn more: Quebec EI premium rates and maximums .

Learn more: About the deduction of Employment Insurance (EI) premiums .

Report the amount of income tax you deducted from your employee using box 22. This includes the federal, provincial (except Quebec), and territorial taxes that apply.

Do not report any amount using box 22 if you did not deduct income tax.

Do not report any amount using box 22 if you withheld under the authority of a garnishee or a requirement to pay that applies to the employee's previously assessed tax arrears.

Learn more: About the deduction of income tax .

Report the total amount of insurable earnings using box 24 . This is the amount you used to calculate your employee's EI premiums that you reported using box 18 , up to the maximum insurable earnings for the year.

Report "0" if the employee or the self-employed worker had no insurable earnings and you did not report an amount in box 18.

In many situations, boxes 14 and 24 will be the same amount.

Do not report in box 24 amounts paid to your employee for employment, benefits, or other payments that should not have EI premiums deducted.

The unpaid portion of any earnings from insurable employment that you did not pay because of your bankruptcy, receivership, or non-payment of remuneration for which the employee has filed a complaint with the federal, provincial, or territorial labour authorities.

Report the insurable earnings amount for each period of employment in box 24 of each T4 slip if you give the same employee more than one T4 slip for the year.

An employee earned $30,000 working in Ontario from January 2023 to June 2023 and earned $40,000 working in Quebec for the remainder of the year with the same employer. In addition to any other boxes that need to be filled out, report amounts in boxes 14 and 24 as follows:

  • Ontario T4 slip – box 14 = $30,000 and box 24 = $30,000
  • Quebec T4 slip – box 14 = $40,000 and box 24 = $31,500 (calculated as the maximum insurable earnings for 2023 of $61,500 – $30,000 already reported on T4 slip with Ontario as province of employment = $31,500)

Report the correct EI insurable earnings in box 24. This will reduce unnecessary pensionable and insurable earnings review (PIER) reports for EI deficiency calculations . For example, if the employee worked both inside and outside of Quebec.

  • Pensionable and insurable earnings review (PIER)

Report the total amount of pensionable earnings using box 26. This is the amount you used to calculate your employee's CPP / QPP contributions that you reported using box 16  and  box 17 , up to the maximum pensionable earnings for the year.

Slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after Report the total amount of pensionable earnings using box 26. This is the amount you used to calculate your employee's CPP / QPP contributions that you reported using box 16 , box 16A , box 17 and box 17A , up to the maximum pensionable earnings and additional maximum pensionable earnings for the year.

Report "0" if the employee had no pensionable earnings and you did not report an amount in boxes 16, 16A, 17 or 17A.

In many situations, boxes 14 and 26 will be the same amount.

Do not report amounts paid to your employee for employment, benefits, or other payments that should not have CPP / QPP contributions deducted using box 26.

Report the value of pensionable non-cash taxable benefits using box 26, even if the employee received no other remuneration.

For example, if your employee is on an unpaid leave of absence and you continue to provide benefits during the leave period, report the benefit using box 26.

Do not report using box 26 amounts paid to your employee:

  • before and during the month the employee turned 18
  • after the month the employee turned 70
  • during the months the employee was considered to be disabled under the CPP or QPP
  • after an eligible employee, who is 65 to 70 years of age and receiving CPP benefits, gave you a signed copy of Form CPT30, Election to Stop Contributing to the Canada Pension Plan, or Revocation of a Prior Election, with parts A, B, and C completed
  • before an eligible employee who is 65 to 70 years of age, gave you a signed copy of Form CPT30 with parts A, B, and D completed

Report these amounts using box 14 even if you do not report them using box 26.

Learn more: Employee's life events: Start, stop or restart CPP deductions .

Certain taxable benefits and earnings are considered by Revenu Québec to be pensionable earnings for employees working in Quebec.

Generally, the amount you report using box 26 will be more than the amount you report using box 14 in this situation. The CRA will process the T4 slip even if box 26 is more than box 14.

Marion works for her employer in Quebec and is on an unpaid leave of absence. Her employer pays $750 in premiums to an employer-paid private health benefit plan on her behalf. Since the benefit is not taxable outside of Quebec, it is not income. When preparing Marion's Quebec T4 slip, her employer will leave box 14 blank. Since the premiums are QPP pensionable, her employer will report $750 in box 26, the QPP contributions withheld on the benefit in box 17, and fill in any other boxes on her T4 slip as applicable.

During 2023, Julien received wages of $25,000 plus an $875 benefit that is only taxable in Quebec. When preparing Julien's Quebec T4 slip, his employer will report $25,000 in box 14, $25,875 in box 26, and fill in any other boxes on his T4 slip as applicable.

Stephane works for his employer in Quebec and did not receive any cash earnings. However, his employer gave him a non-cash housing benefit valued at $1,100. When preparing Stephane's Quebec T4 slip, his employer will report $1,100 in boxes 14 and 26, and fill in any other boxes on his T4 slip as applicable.

Learn more: Source Deductions and Employer Contributions | Revenu Québec .

Report the pensionable earnings amount for each period of employment in box 26 of each T4 slip if you give the same employee more than one T4 slip for the year.

An employee earned $35,000 working in Ontario from January 2023 to June 2023 and earned $40,000 working in Quebec for the remainder of the year with the same employer. In addition to any other boxes that need to be filled out, report amounts in boxes 14 and 26 as follows:

  • Ontario T4 slip – box 14 = $35,000 and box 26 = $35,000
  • Quebec T4 slip – box 14 = $40,000 and box 26 = $31,600 (calculated as the maximum pensionable earnings for 2023 of $66,600 - $35,000 already reported on T4 slip with Ontario as province of employment = $31,600)

Report the correct CPP pensionable earnings in box 26. This will reduce unnecessary pensionable and insurable earnings review (PIER) reports for CPP deficiency calculations. For example, if the employee worked both inside and outside of Quebec.

Report amounts you deducted for your employee's share of the provincial parental insurance plan ( PPIP ) premiums using box 55 if you enter in box 10 that your employee worked in the province of Quebec . If you report an amount in box 55, you have to report insurable earnings using box 56 .

Do not report the employer's share of PPIP premiums on the T4 slip.

Do not report any amount using box 55 if you did not deduct PPIP .

Learn more: Québec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP) Premiums | Revenu Québec .

Report the total amount of insurable earnings using box 56. This is the amount you used to calculate your employee's PPIP premiums that you reported using box 55 , up to the maximum PPIP insurable earnings for the year.

Report "0" if the employee or the self-employed worker had no insurable earnings and you did not report an amount in box 55.

Do not report in box 56 amounts paid to your employee for employment, benefits, or other payments that should not have PPIP premiums deducted.

Do not report an amount using box 56 if the amount for the PPIP insurable earnings is over the maximum for the year.

RPP or DPSP

Report the amount, including instalment interest (for example, interest charged to buy back pensionable service), your employee contributed to a registered pension plan ( RPP ) using box 20.

Do not report direct transfers to an RPP from an employee's RRSP .

Do not report in box 20 an amount for RPP contributions relating to tax-exempt income you paid to an employee who is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act.

If you pay taxable or partly tax-exempt employment income, you must prorate the RPP contribution and report the amount related to their taxable income using code box 20.

Give your employee proof of the amounts of RPP contributions for all tax-exempt income. Your employee will use this amount to fill out Form T90, Income Exempt From Tax Under the Indian Act .

Slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after For T4 slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after, you will need to report RPP contributions relating to tax-exempt income using a new code.

Do not report an amount if you made contributions to your employee's RRSP using box 20, use code 40 to report the total value of the benefit.

Report the amount if the employee contributed to an RCA using box 20.

Do not report amounts that are not deductible.

You have to attach a letter informing the employee of the amounts you reported if the amount in box 20 includes RPP and RCA contributions.

Report the amount your employee contributed to an RPP if the contributions included current and past-service contributions for:

  • 1989 or earlier years while a contributor, using box 20 and code 74
  • 1989 or earlier years while not a contributor, using box 20 and code 75

Learn more: Contributions to savings and pension plans .

Enter the 7-digit registration number that the CRA gave you for your RPP or DPSP using box 50 if you reported an amount for a pension adjustment ( PA ) using box 52 .

You have to report the plan number even if your plan requires only employer contributions. If you make contributions to union pension funds, enter the union's plan number.

If you made contributions to more than one plan for the employee, enter only the number of the plan under which the employee has the largest PA .

Report in box 52 the amount (in dollars only) of a pension adjustment ( PA ) an employee has under a registered pension plan ( RPP ) or a deferred profit sharing plan ( DPSP ). If you report an amount in box 52, you have to enter the plan registration number using box 50 .

Do not report any amount using box 52 if the employee participated in your RPP or DPSP and one of the following situations applies:

  • The calculated PA is a negative amount or "0"
  • The employee died during the year
  • The employee, even if they are still a member of the plan, no longer accrues new pension credits in the year (for example, the employee has accrued the maximum number of years of service in respect of the plan)

Learn more: Pension Adjustment (PA) .

Union dues or charitable donations

Report the amount you deducted from your employee for tax deductible union dues using box 44, only if you and the union agree that the union will not issue receipts for these dues. This includes amounts you paid to a parity or advisory committee that qualify for a deduction.

Do not report union dues deductions using box 44 if you and the union do not have an agreement that the union will not issue receipts. The union will have to issue receipts for the employee to claim the income tax deduction.

Do not report initiation fees using box 44.

Do not report strike pay the union paid to union members using box 44.

Do not report in box 44 an amount for union dues relating to tax-exempt income you paid to an employee who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act.

If you pay taxable or partly tax-exempt employment income, you must prorate the amount for union dues and report the amount related to their taxable income using box 44.

Give your employee proof of the amounts of union dues for all tax-exempt income. Your employee will use this amount to fill out Form T90, Income Exempt From Tax Under the Indian Act .

Slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after For T4 slips filed for calendar year 2024 and after, you will need to report union dues relating to tax-exempt income using a new code.

Report in box 46 amounts you deducted from your employee's earnings for donations to a registered charity in Canada.

Learn more: List of Charities .

Codes - Other information

Report the total value of the board and lodging benefit you provided to your employee using code 30 and box 14 .

Report the total value of the housing benefit you provided to your employee who is a member of the clergy, including the part of your cost for the utilities that is eligible (electricity, heat, water and sewer) using code 30 and box 14 .

Report all other utilities benefits that are not eligible that you provided to the employee using code 40 .

Learn more: Housing and utilities expenses – Provided to a member of the clergy or of a religious order .

Learn more: Board, lodging, housing and utilities expenses .

Report the value of the tax-exempt board, lodging and housing benefit provided to your employee working at special work site in a prescribed zone using code 31.

Do not report this amount in box 14.

Learn more: Board, lodging, housing, utilities and travel expenses - Provided to an employee in special work sites, including prescribed zones .

Report the total value of the travel benefit you provided to your employee living in a prescribed zone using code 32 and box 14 .

Report the value of the medical travel portion only if you provided travel assistance to your employee living in a prescribed zone using code 33 and the total value of the travel benefit using code 32 .

Report the value of the automobile benefit for the personal use of the automobiles or motor vehicles you provided to your employee (as a result of their current, previous or intended office or employment) using code 34 and box 14 .

  • Automobile provided by the employer
  • Motor vehicle provided by the employer
  • Automobile or motor vehicle benefits – Allowances or reimbursements provided to an employee for the use of their own vehicle

Report the value of the taxable benefit from an interest-free and low interest loan you provided to your employee using code 36 and box 14 .

Learn more: Loans and employee debt .

Report the total value of the security options taxable benefit you provided to your employee using code 38 and box 14 .

Option benefit deductions

Learn more: Security (stock) options .

Report 50% of the value of the taxable benefit received from qualified securities if your employee is eligible for the option benefit deduction under 110(1)(d) using code 39 . If you report an amount in code 39, you have to report the total value of the security options benefit using code 38 .

Report the value of the taxable benefits and allowances you provided to your employee using code 40 and box 14 unless the benefit is reported in other codes of the T4 slip.

Learn more: Determine if a benefit is taxable .

Report 50% of the value of the taxable benefit received from qualified securities if your employee is eligible for the option benefit deduction under 110(1)(d.1) using code 41. If you report an amount in code 41, you have to report the total value of the security options benefit using code 38 .

Report amounts of commissions you paid to your employee who sold property or negotiated contracts for you using code 42 and box 14 .

Learn more: Commission payments .

Report employment income, up to the maximum rate of pay earned by a lieutenant-colonel of the Canadian Armed Forces, using code 43 and box 14 .

For 2017 and subsequent taxation years, Canadian Armed Forces personnel and police officers deployed outside Canada can claim a deduction from net income for the amount of employment earnings they receive while serving on international operational missions as determined by the Minister of National Defence or by a person designated by that Minister. This is the case regardless of the risk associated with the mission.

Learn more: Canadian Armed Forces personnel and police deduction .

Report using 66 eligible retiring allowances that you paid in the year to your employee that are eligible for transfer to an RPP , RRSP,  or a PRPP , even if it was not transferred.

Learn more: Payments of retiring allowances .

Report non-eligible retiring allowances you paid in the year to your employee that were not eligible for transfer to an RPP , RRSP or a PRPP using code 67.

Report using 69  only tax-exempt non-eligible retiring allowances you paid to your employee who is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act that were not eligible for transfer to an RPP , RRSP or a PRPP .

Report using code 69 the tax-exempt part of the retiring allowances you paid that are not eligible to be transferred  and the taxable part of the non-eligible retiring allowance using code 67 .

Learn more: Payments to First Nations workers .

Report only tax-exempt employment income you paid to your employee who is registered or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act using code 71.

Report amounts for past service contributions to an RPP for 1989 or earlier years while the employee was a contributor using code 74 and box 20 .

Report amounts for past service contributions to an RPP for 1989 or earlier years while the employee was not a contributor using code 75 and box 20 .

Report the amount of workers' compensation benefits repaid to the employer using code 77 where:

  • You previously paid your employee the workers' compensation benefit amount and you reported it as employment income on their T4 slip
  • You were reimbursed by the workers' compensation board for the worker's compensation benefit amount you paid to your employee

This allows your employees to claim a deduction as other employment expenses on their income tax and benefit returns.

Learn more: Payments related to workers' compensation claims .

Report the gross income you paid to a self-employed fisher  using code 78. If you report an amount in code 78, you have to enter the employment code 17 using box 29 . Also report:

  • The net partnership amount if the fisher is a type 1 using code 79
  • The shareperson amount if the fisher is a type 2 using code 80

Report the net partnership amount if you paid a type 1 fisher using code 79. If you report an amount in code 79, you have to report the gross income using code 78 . Also report the same amount using :

  • box 24 if you enter in box 10 that the fisher worked in a province other than Quebec
  • box 56 if you enter in box 10 that the fisher worked in the province of Quebec

Report the shareperson amount if you paid a type 2 fisher using code 80. If you report an amount in code 80, you have to report the gross income using code 78 . Also report the same amount using :

Report the gross income you paid to a self-employed placement or employment agency worker  using code 81. If you report an amount in code 81, you have to enter the employment code 11 using box 29 .

Report the gross income you paid to a self-employed taxi driver and driver of other passenger-carrying vehicles  using code 82. If you report an amount in code 82, you have to enter the employment code 12 using box 29 .

Report the gross income you paid to a self-employed barbers or hairdressers  using code 83. If you report an amount in code 83, you have to enter the employment code 13 using box 29 .

Report the premiums that your employee paid to a private health services plans using code 85.

The use of code 85 is optional. If you do not use this code, the CRA may ask the recipient to provide supporting documents.

This is considered a qualifying medical expense which the recipient may claim as a medical expense tax credit on their income tax and benefit return.

Learn more: Insurance plans .

Report the value of the taxable benefit received from qualified securities if your employee is eligible for the option benefit deduction under 110(1)(d) and you made an election under 110(1.1) to not claim the cash-out as an expense using code 86. If you report an amount in code 86, you have to report the total value of the security options benefit using code 38 .

Report only tax-exempt employment income (up to $1,000) you paid as a government, a municipality, or a public authority to a person who performed firefighter or search and rescue duties as a volunteer using code 87.

Learn more: Payments to emergency services volunteers .

Report the tax-exempt part of the self-employment income you paid to a person who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act who is a self-employed fisher  , a self-employed barber or hairdresser  , or a self-employed taxi driver or driver of other passenger-carrying vehicles  using code 88. If you report an amount in code 88, you have to enter the appropriate employment code using box 29 .

Report the tax-exempt part of the self-employment income using code 88 and the taxable self-employment income using:

  • code 78 , code 79 and code 80 for a fisher
  • code 82 for a taxi driver or driver of other passenger carrying vehicle
  • code 83 for a barber and hairdresser

Do not report fully taxable self-employment income using code 88, use:

Exceptions list

List of special situations.

  • Self-employed barbers and hairdressers, taxi drivers and drivers of other passenger-carrying vehicles
  • Self-employed fishing income
  • Placement or employment agency workers

Salary deferral arrangements

First nations employees, first nations who are self-employed, seasonal agricultural workers program, canadian forces personnel and police officers, emergency volunteers, employees with power saws or tree trimmers.

  • Employees outside Canada

Employee salary overpayments

What is a payroll account, box 29 – employment code 16 – detached employee – social security agreement, box 29 – employment code 11 – placement or employment agency workers, box 29 – employment code 12 – self-employed taxi drivers and drivers of other passenger-carrying vehicles, box 29 – employment code 13 – self-employed barbers and hairdressers, box 29 – employment code 17 – self-employed fishing income, examples of completed t4 slips in regular and special situations.

Make a selection and view the example based on the situation.

What is the situation?

Employee with CPP contributions - Slip filed for calendar year 2023

  • Employee with CPP and CPP2 contributions - Slip filed for calendar year 2024

Self-employed fisher

Self-employed hairdresser, placement or employment agency worker paid by the agency's client, prescribed salary deferral arrangement, payments to first nations workers.

  • Self-employed person who is registered, or entitled to be registered under the Indian Act

homework 88 t4

Employee with CPP and CPP2 contributions - Slip filed for calendar year 2024 Estimated figures

homework 88 t4

Self-employed person who is a First Nations worker

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