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SEMESTER-2 ASSIGNMENT-FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & ANALYSIS

Profile image of Akash  Dixit

3.a) Ratio analysis is a method or a technique of analyzing an organisation's financial statement. The term financial statement gives investors or shareholders with full information and details about an organisation's expenses & income, capital, assets, liabilities. Ratio analysis is a management technique or we can say in other words management tool to assess the financial outcomes and trend to an organization over time, give some valuable signs of organizational performance of different organisations with an company or industry. Ratio analysis is used to understand and identify the strength and weak points to modify the current strategies and initiatives in upcoming time in the future. Simply if we try to understand ratio is a relationship between two or more values. A financial ratio shows the relationship between two or more accounting statement or data shown in mathematical forms using some formulas. Ratio analysis is tool for knowing or understanding and elaborating and...

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  • Why It Matters
  • 1.1 Explain the Importance of Accounting and Distinguish between Financial and Managerial Accounting
  • 1.2 Identify Users of Accounting Information and How They Apply Information
  • 1.3 Describe Typical Accounting Activities and the Role Accountants Play in Identifying, Recording, and Reporting Financial Activities
  • 1.4 Explain Why Accounting Is Important to Business Stakeholders
  • 1.5 Describe the Varied Career Paths Open to Individuals with an Accounting Education

Multiple Choice

  • 2.1 Describe the Income Statement, Statement of Owner’s Equity, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows, and How They Interrelate
  • 2.2 Define, Explain, and Provide Examples of Current and Noncurrent Assets, Current and Noncurrent Liabilities, Equity, Revenues, and Expenses
  • 2.3 Prepare an Income Statement, Statement of Owner’s Equity, and Balance Sheet
  • Exercise Set A
  • Exercise Set B
  • Problem Set A
  • Problem Set B
  • Thought Provokers
  • 3.1 Describe Principles, Assumptions, and Concepts of Accounting and Their Relationship to Financial Statements
  • 3.2 Define and Describe the Expanded Accounting Equation and Its Relationship to Analyzing Transactions
  • 3.3 Define and Describe the Initial Steps in the Accounting Cycle
  • 3.4 Analyze Business Transactions Using the Accounting Equation and Show the Impact of Business Transactions on Financial Statements
  • 3.5 Use Journal Entries to Record Transactions and Post to T-Accounts
  • 3.6 Prepare a Trial Balance
  • 4.1 Explain the Concepts and Guidelines Affecting Adjusting Entries
  • 4.2 Discuss the Adjustment Process and Illustrate Common Types of Adjusting Entries
  • 4.3 Record and Post the Common Types of Adjusting Entries
  • 4.4 Use the Ledger Balances to Prepare an Adjusted Trial Balance
  • 4.5 Prepare Financial Statements Using the Adjusted Trial Balance
  • 5.1 Describe and Prepare Closing Entries for a Business
  • 5.2 Prepare a Post-Closing Trial Balance
  • 5.3 Apply the Results from the Adjusted Trial Balance to Compute Current Ratio and Working Capital Balance, and Explain How These Measures Represent Liquidity
  • 5.4 Appendix: Complete a Comprehensive Accounting Cycle for a Business
  • 6.1 Compare and Contrast Merchandising versus Service Activities and Transactions
  • 6.2 Compare and Contrast Perpetual versus Periodic Inventory Systems
  • 6.3 Analyze and Record Transactions for Merchandise Purchases Using the Perpetual Inventory System
  • 6.4 Analyze and Record Transactions for the Sale of Merchandise Using the Perpetual Inventory System
  • 6.5 Discuss and Record Transactions Applying the Two Commonly Used Freight-In Methods
  • 6.6 Describe and Prepare Multi-Step and Simple Income Statements for Merchandising Companies
  • 6.7 Appendix: Analyze and Record Transactions for Merchandise Purchases and Sales Using the Periodic Inventory System
  • 7.1 Define and Describe the Components of an Accounting Information System
  • 7.2 Describe and Explain the Purpose of Special Journals and Their Importance to Stakeholders
  • 7.3 Analyze and Journalize Transactions Using Special Journals
  • 7.4 Prepare a Subsidiary Ledger
  • 7.5 Describe Career Paths Open to Individuals with a Joint Education in Accounting and Information Systems
  • 8.1 Analyze Fraud in the Accounting Workplace
  • 8.2 Define and Explain Internal Controls and Their Purpose within an Organization
  • 8.3 Describe Internal Controls within an Organization
  • 8.4 Define the Purpose and Use of a Petty Cash Fund, and Prepare Petty Cash Journal Entries
  • 8.5 Discuss Management Responsibilities for Maintaining Internal Controls within an Organization
  • 8.6 Define the Purpose of a Bank Reconciliation, and Prepare a Bank Reconciliation and Its Associated Journal Entries
  • 8.7 Describe Fraud in Financial Statements and Sarbanes-Oxley Act Requirements
  • 9.1 Explain the Revenue Recognition Principle and How It Relates to Current and Future Sales and Purchase Transactions
  • 9.2 Account for Uncollectible Accounts Using the Balance Sheet and Income Statement Approaches
  • 9.3 Determine the Efficiency of Receivables Management Using Financial Ratios
  • 9.4 Discuss the Role of Accounting for Receivables in Earnings Management
  • 9.5 Apply Revenue Recognition Principles to Long-Term Projects
  • 9.6 Explain How Notes Receivable and Accounts Receivable Differ
  • 9.7 Appendix: Comprehensive Example of Bad Debt Estimation
  • 10.1 Describe and Demonstrate the Basic Inventory Valuation Methods and Their Cost Flow Assumptions
  • 10.2 Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold and Ending Inventory Using the Periodic Method
  • 10.3 Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold and Ending Inventory Using the Perpetual Method
  • 10.4 Explain and Demonstrate the Impact of Inventory Valuation Errors on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet
  • 10.5 Examine the Efficiency of Inventory Management Using Financial Ratios
  • 11.1 Distinguish between Tangible and Intangible Assets
  • 11.2 Analyze and Classify Capitalized Costs versus Expenses
  • 11.3 Explain and Apply Depreciation Methods to Allocate Capitalized Costs
  • 11.4 Describe Accounting for Intangible Assets and Record Related Transactions
  • 11.5 Describe Some Special Issues in Accounting for Long-Term Assets
  • 12.1 Identify and Describe Current Liabilities
  • 12.2 Analyze, Journalize, and Report Current Liabilities
  • 12.3 Define and Apply Accounting Treatment for Contingent Liabilities
  • 12.4 Prepare Journal Entries to Record Short-Term Notes Payable
  • 12.5 Record Transactions Incurred in Preparing Payroll
  • 13.1 Explain the Pricing of Long-Term Liabilities
  • 13.2 Compute Amortization of Long-Term Liabilities Using the Effective-Interest Method
  • 13.3 Prepare Journal Entries to Reflect the Life Cycle of Bonds
  • 13.4 Appendix: Special Topics Related to Long-Term Liabilities
  • 14.1 Explain the Process of Securing Equity Financing through the Issuance of Stock
  • 14.2 Analyze and Record Transactions for the Issuance and Repurchase of Stock
  • 14.3 Record Transactions and the Effects on Financial Statements for Cash Dividends, Property Dividends, Stock Dividends, and Stock Splits
  • 14.4 Compare and Contrast Owners’ Equity versus Retained Earnings
  • 14.5 Discuss the Applicability of Earnings per Share as a Method to Measure Performance
  • 15.1 Describe the Advantages and Disadvantages of Organizing as a Partnership
  • 15.2 Describe How a Partnership Is Created, Including the Associated Journal Entries
  • 15.3 Compute and Allocate Partners’ Share of Income and Loss
  • 15.4 Prepare Journal Entries to Record the Admission and Withdrawal of a Partner
  • 15.5 Discuss and Record Entries for the Dissolution of a Partnership
  • 16.1 Explain the Purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows
  • 16.2 Differentiate between Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities
  • 16.3 Prepare the Statement of Cash Flows Using the Indirect Method
  • 16.4 Prepare the Completed Statement of Cash Flows Using the Indirect Method
  • 16.5 Use Information from the Statement of Cash Flows to Prepare Ratios to Assess Liquidity and Solvency
  • 16.6 Appendix: Prepare a Completed Statement of Cash Flows Using the Direct Method
  • A | Financial Statement Analysis
  • B | Time Value of Money
  • C | Suggested Resources

Income statement shows the financial performance of a business for a period of time; statement of owner’s equity shows the change in net worth of a business for a period of time; balance sheet shows the financial position of a business on a specific date; statement of cash flows shows the cash inflows and outflows of the business for a period of time.

Both revenues and gains represent inflows to the business, making it more valuable. Revenues relate to the primary purpose of the business, while gains represent incidental or peripheral activities. This is important to stakeholders because revenues represent ongoing or permanent activities, while gains represent infrequent or transient activities. Stakeholders should focus on permanent earnings and put peripheral or incidental earnings into the proper context.

Equity is the net worth of the business. It can also be thought of as the net assets (assets minus liabilities) of the business. Activities that affect equity include revenues, expenses, gains, losses, and investment by and distributions to owners.

Both tangible and intangible assets have value to the company and can be bought, sold, or impaired; tangible assets have physical substance, while intangible assets do not.

Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity. Answers will vary and should include a combination of revenues/gains (increases), expenses/losses (decreases), investments (increases), and distributions (decreases). It is important to understand the following transactions/exchanges will not change equity: an asset for an asset, liability for liability, asset acquisitions by incurring liabilities, and asset reductions to reduce liabilities.

Revenues and investments increase equity, while expenses and distributions decrease equity.

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  • Authors: Mitchell Franklin, Patty Graybeal, Dixon Cooper
  • Publisher/website: OpenStax
  • Book title: Principles of Accounting, Volume 1: Financial Accounting
  • Publication date: Apr 11, 2019
  • Location: Houston, Texas
  • Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/principles-financial-accounting/pages/1-why-it-matters
  • Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/principles-financial-accounting/pages/chapter-2

© Dec 13, 2023 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.

Module 2: Accounting Principles

Assignment: accounting principles.

This assignment can be found in Google Docs: Financial Accounting Assignment: Accounting Principles

To make your own copy to edit:

  • If you want a Google Doc : in the file menu of the open document, click “Make a copy.” This will give you your own Google Doc to work from.
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  • Assignment: Accounting Principles. Authored by : Cindy Moore. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution

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  6. SEMESTER-2 ASSIGNMENT-FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & ANALYSIS

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