information system scientific paper

Information Systems Frontiers

A Journal of Research and Innovation

Information Systems Frontiers examines new research and development at the interface of information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) from analytical, behavioral, and technological perspectives. It provides a common forum for both frontline industrial developments as well as pioneering academic research.

The journal’s multidisciplinary approach draws from such fields as computer science, telecommunications, operations research, economics, and cognitive sciences. Among the emerging areas covered are enterprise modeling and integration, object/web technologies, information economics, IT integrated manufacturing, medical informatics, digital libraries, mobile computing, and electronic commerce.

Both the Editorial Advisory Group and the Editorial Board feature outstanding individuals from academia and industry, ensuring that all the multiple frontiers in the IS/IT field are covered. Officially cited as: Inf Syst Front

• Examines new research and development at the interface of information systems and information technology
• Takes a multidisciplinary approach drawing from computer science, telecommunications, operations research, economics, and cognitive sciences
• Serves as a common forum for frontline industrial developments as well as pioneering academic research

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Scientific Research in Information Systems

A Beginner's Guide

• Jan Recker   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-5792 0

University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

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A comprehensive introduction presenting the essentials on how to conduct research in Information Systems

Covers the entire research process from start to end

Places particular emphasis on modes of inquiry in scholarly conduct, theorizing and planning research

Part of the book series: Progress in IS (PROIS)

20k Accesses

5 Citations

11 Altmetric

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Table of contents (8 chapters)

Front matter, basic principles of research, introduction, information systems research as a science, conducting research, planning your research, research methods, publishing research, writing is research articles, ethical considerations in research, concluding remarks, back matter.

This book introduces higher-degree research students and early career academics to scientific research as occurring in the field of information systems and adjacent fields, such as computer science, management science, organization science, and software engineering. Instead of focusing primarily on research methods as many other textbooks do, it covers the entire research process, from start to finish, placing particular emphasis on understanding the cognitive and behavioural aspects of research, such as motivation, modes of inquiry, theorising, planning for research, planning for publication, and ethical challenges in research. Comprehensive but also succinct and compact, the book guides beginning researchers in their quest to do scholarly work and to assist them in developing their own answers and strategies over the course of their work.

Jan Recker explains in this book the fundamental concepts that govern scientific research and then moves on to introduce the basic steps every researcher undertakes: choosing research questions, developing theory, building a research design, employing research methods, and finally writing academic papers. He also covers essentials of ethical conduct of scientific research. This second edition contains major updates on all these elements plus significant expansions on relevant research methods such as design research and computational methods, a rewritten and extended chapter on theory development, and expansions to the chapters on research methods, scientific publishing, and research ethics. A companion website provides pedagogical materials and instructions for using this book in teaching.

• conducting research
• doctoral research
• doctoral thesis
• scientific ethics

Praise for the first edition:

It focuses on the entire research process from start to finish and provides a guide not only for the methods, but for the ‘process of learning the life of a researcher.’ This well-written and easy-to-read book consists of eight chapters, divided into three parts. Each chapter ends with a list of references for further reading on each subject, totaling 200 in all. … The book is intended primarily for doctoral students and young scholars in the field of information systems. Alexei Botchkarev, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

…Gerade junge Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden werden sehr von diesem Buch profitieren … allen Doktoranden in der Wirtschaftsinformatik, besonders am Anfang ihres wissenschaftlichen Projektes, sowie ihren Betreuern zur Verwendung in Kursen des Doktorandenstudiums . Roland Holten, Goethe University, Germany

Für Wirtschaftsinformatiker eine Pflichtklektüre. Egal ob Bachelorarbeit, Masterarbeit oder erst während der Promotion. Dieses Buch sollte man gelesen haben! Volker Frehe, Osnabrück University, Germany

Great overview and useful advice, particularly about writing and publishing papers . Amanda Helliwell, University of Canberra, Australia

Jan Recker is AIS fellow, Alexander-von-Humboldt fellow, chaired professor for information systems and digital innovation at the University of Hamburg, and adjunct professor at the Queensland University of Technology Business School. He is one of the most published information systems academics of all time and has held a variety of senior editorial appointments at scientific journals. He also publishes a podcast called “this IS research”.

Book Title : Scientific Research in Information Systems

Book Subtitle : A Beginner's Guide

Authors : Jan Recker

Series Title : Progress in IS

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85436-2

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Business and Management , Business and Management (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-85435-5 Published: 22 October 2021

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-85438-6 Published: 23 October 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-85436-2 Published: 21 October 2021

Series ISSN : 2196-8705

Series E-ISSN : 2196-8713

Edition Number : 2

Number of Pages : XIII, 221

Number of Illustrations : 29 b/w illustrations

Topics : Business Information Systems , Information Systems and Communication Service , Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary , Business Process Management

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Title: system 2 attention (is something you might need too).

Abstract: Soft attention in Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) is susceptible to incorporating irrelevant information from the context into its latent representations, which adversely affects next token generations. To help rectify these issues, we introduce System 2 Attention (S2A), which leverages the ability of LLMs to reason in natural language and follow instructions in order to decide what to attend to. S2A regenerates the input context to only include the relevant portions, before attending to the regenerated context to elicit the final response. In experiments, S2A outperforms standard attention-based LLMs on three tasks containing opinion or irrelevant information, QA, math word problems and longform generation, where S2A increases factuality and objectivity, and decreases sycophancy.

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Information System Research Paper

Type of paper: Research Paper

Topic: Website , Technology , Internet , Teaching , Marketing , Computers , Business , Public Relations

Words: 1600

Published: 11/04/2019

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Introduction

The ultimate aims of this essay it to investigate an information system (IS) of choice in an organization. This way, the essay will help in the application of the material learned in class to a real world organization and information system. The industry of choice is Education. The information system of choice is an Integrated Library System (ILS) such as that used by many colleges including Monroe College in New York (McManus 23).

a. Competing on a Global Scale

ILS has gone a long way in helping library systems and educational institutions compete on a global scale. Even small libraries can now be accessed from anywhere in the world using web interfaces. As such, ILS has proved to be extremely important in allowing libraries and school systems to compete on a global scale. The system basically works like any other website. The database and code that implements the logic are hosted in a central server. The website is then accessible from anywhere but only the staff and patrons who are registered and have login credentials can access the system. Thus the system uses the worldwide web network for its operations. By using the worldwide web network, it means that the system can be accessed from different geographical locations in the world meaning that it has helped libraries compete on a global scale.

The advent of the internet has had a variety of effects on the way educational institutions operate. These effects can be advantageous and disadvantageous to the institution. The following are some but not exhaustive effects of the ILS system on educational institutions.

First and foremost, since the use of ILS shrinks the distance (i.e. reduces the distance) between communicating terminals, this has helped small upcoming institutions and libraries gain publicity by simply advertising themselves over the internet. This has seen the rapid growth and expansion of these otherwise small institutions since they are able to reach large groups of potential students. Thus, institutions which might be located in some remote areas far from most of their intended prospective students can capitalize on the internet.

Hence, a small or otherwise upcoming institution is able to commercialize its services over the internet and subsequently gain international publicity. This will subsequently lead to the expansion and eminent growth of the institution since it would have expanded its base which is usually vital to any institution’s expansion and growth.

b. Competing on Quality and Design

The ILS system has greatly helped in improving the quality of services offered to patrons and staff in a library setting. ILS, like most information systems, has both hardware and software components (Guthrie 5). These systems are powerful designed and they help improve on the quality of service offered to patrons and staff. Hardware consists of powerful computers with a high processing speed and many gigabytes of storage capacity. This is because many people (both staff and patrons) access the system simultaneously and do not expect delays. As such the computers are very powerful. Further, the amount of information stored is enormous. Since ILS is designed to be used in big libraries serving thousands of patrons, there must be sufficient disk space to store all the information pertaining to all patrons e.g. their names, addresses, occupations, contact details and passwords. The system also stores all information pertaining to books and other publications e.g. author names, place of publication, title of publication, type of publication (such as book, journal, magazine etc), date of publication and ISBN numbers.

Further the ILS system has powerful software components. It is primarily programmed in the much respected Perl scripting language although it has a few sections that are written in the C programming language (Guthrie 24). It has a very powerful and user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) that gives patrons and staff different interfaces that enable them to have a better experience in their library activities.

It should be noted that for an institution to survive in any educational environment, it should and must always work towards satisfying the needs and expectations of its students and staff. To satisfy this group of people, the institution must use technologies and even information systems that will give the institution an edge over the other institution offering similar services. This is to say that the technologies used by the institution must be geared towards improving the quality of the service and also reducing the time taken to produce the service (i.e. the product development life cycle). In turn, this has the effect of increasing the services that are offered at any given instance which in turn increases the institution’s profit.

Thus with the appropriate technology and information systems in place, an institution is able to meet its staff and students’ needs and expectations and also improve on the quality and precision in the delivery of services it is offering. This has the overall effect of maintaining the existing staff and students and even wooing more students into enrolling or using the institution’s services.

Competition in educational systems can occur in a variety of ways ranging from the quality of educational services, the quantity of these services or even the fees charged for accessing learning services and facilities. However, the most notable and significant form of competition that normally exists between or among educational institutions dealing in similar services is usually based on the quality of teaching being offered. For an institution to get an edge over the others in the industry it must make sure that the educational services it is offering or producing are of a quality and that they meet the requirements of the prospective students. To ensure quality services, an institution must make sure that it incorporates technology in its processes. This would serve to achieve the following:

It would help in automation of the process of delivery of services (Bessel 43). This in turn would increase the output of the institution since machines tend to work faster than human beings. Thus the amount of work that would have been done manually in a day can be done using machines (i.e. automatically) in less than a day. Furthermore, automation of the process of delivery of services would reduce some of the errors in the process that normally arise due to human errors (knowingly or unknowingly) (Bessel 57). Hence this ensures that the quality of the services resulting from the process is guaranteed and is also of the desired standards and specifications. Thirdly, automation of the process of delivery of services reduces the amount of labor used (Bessel 81). This reduction in labor is advantageous to the institution in that less money will be spent on labor. This money might in turn be used to improve on other departments of the institution or even to purchase more books further improving the experience of students and staff.

Fourthly, incorporating technology into an educational institution’s process of delivery of services has the effect of helping automate some repetitive or otherwise redundant tasks in the process (Bessel 69). This in turn has the net effect of speeding up the process and subsequently increasing the net productivity of the institution. The ILS library system helps educational institutions achieve all of the above mentioned objectives and thus helps educational institutions compete on quality and design.

c. Competing on Business Processes

Libraries are critical components of any education system. Teachers and students will always need to read and refer to books to obtain materials for teaching and learning respectively. Libraries are thus handy in the search for information. Prior to the advent of computers, librarians had a hectic time managing books and other publications in libraries.

This was especially true if the library had thousands of books and thousands of visitors every day. Books had to be organized in a particular manner and librarians had to find a way of memorizing this organization. Learners visiting libraries also had a hectic time locating a book in the library. Every borrowed book had to be entered as a manual entry in a list. The whole process was very hectic.

The advent of automated library systems greatly helped libraries and the entire education industry as it made the lives of students and librarians much easier. With an Integrated Library System (ILS), it is easier for staff to keep records and for patrons to find the books they desire within the shortest time possible. It also enables libraries to provide digital copies of books.

The system has greatly helped educational institutions increase their efficiency consequently increasing their productivity. First, libraries are hiring less staff since ILS takes care of most of the tasks that were initially done manually. This staff reduction translates to increased revenues for educational institutions. There are also improved relations between patrons and libraries as finding publications becomes easier and the usual manual hustles are eliminated. The major business function of the system is to enhance to enhance library functions. The systems services all the levels of management as students and teachers can access and use it.

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US, Britain, other countries ink agreement to make AI 'secure by design'

[1/2] Artificial Intelligence words are seen in this illustration taken March 31, 2023. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo Acquire Licensing Rights

WASHINGTON, Nov 27 (Reuters) - The United States, Britain and more than a dozen other countries on Sunday unveiled what a senior U.S. official described as the first detailed international agreement on how to keep artificial intelligence safe from rogue actors, pushing for companies to create AI systems that are "secure by design."

In a 20-page document unveiled Sunday, the 18 countries agreed that companies designing and using AI need to develop and deploy it in a way that keeps customers and the wider public safe from misuse.

The agreement is non-binding and carries mostly general recommendations such as monitoring AI systems for abuse, protecting data from tampering and vetting software suppliers.

Still, the director of the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Jen Easterly, said it was important that so many countries put their names to the idea that AI systems needed to put safety first.

"This is the first time that we have seen an affirmation that these capabilities should not just be about cool features and how quickly we can get them to market or how we can compete to drive down costs," Easterly told Reuters, saying the guidelines represent "an agreement that the most important thing that needs to be done at the design phase is security."

The agreement is the latest in a series of initiatives - few of which carry teeth - by governments around the world to shape the development of AI, whose weight is increasingly being felt in industry and society at large.

In addition to the United States and Britain, the 18 countries that signed on to the new guidelines include Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Australia, Chile, Israel, Nigeria and Singapore.

The framework deals with questions of how to keep AI technology from being hijacked by hackers and includes recommendations such as only releasing models after appropriate security testing.

It does not tackle thorny questions around the appropriate uses of AI, or how the data that feeds these models is gathered.

The rise of AI has fed a host of concerns, including the fear that it could be used to disrupt the democratic process , turbocharge fraud , or lead to dramatic job loss , among other harms.

Europe is ahead of the United States on regulations around AI, with lawmakers there drafting AI rules . France, Germany and Italy also recently reached an agreement on how artificial intelligence should be regulated that supports "mandatory self-regulation through codes of conduct" for so-called foundation models of AI, which are designed to produce a broad range of outputs.

The Biden administration has been pressing lawmakers for AI regulation, but a polarized U.S. Congress has made little headway in passing effective regulation.

The White House sought to reduce AI risks to consumers, workers, and minority groups while bolstering national security with a new executive order in October.

Reporting by Raphael Satter and Diane Bartz; Editing by Alexandra Alper and Deepa Babington

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Thomson Reuters

Reporter covering cybersecurity, surveillance, and disinformation for Reuters. Work has included investigations into state-sponsored espionage, deepfake-driven propaganda, and mercenary hacking.

Focused on U.S. antitrust as well as corporate regulation and legislation, with experience involving covering war in Bosnia, elections in Mexico and Nicaragua, as well as stories from Brazil, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Nigeria and Peru.

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