research paper for english topics

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 113 great research paper topics.

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One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.

In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.

What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?

Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.

#1: It's Something You're Interested In

A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.

#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper

Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.

Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.

#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines

Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.

113 Good Research Paper Topics

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.

Arts/Culture

Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?

Current Events

What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
Should graduate students be able to form unions?

What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
How does stress affect the body?
Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
What were the causes of the Civil War?
How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
What caused Hitler's rise to power?
Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?

Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?

Science/Environment

How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
What are the pros and cons of fracking?
What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
How are black holes created?
Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
Has social media made people more or less connected?
What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?

How to Write a Great Research Paper

Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.

#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early

Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!

As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."

If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."

#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research

Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.

#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing

You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!

Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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English Research Paper Topics and Ideas

When it comes to English, there is no limit to the topics you can research about. English research paper topic is the question you’re going to answer in your paper based on your research. However, choosing an interesting topic that will capture the attention of your readers and show your academic prowess can be challenging. The trick to getting an idea worth writing about which will also give you a good grade is to pick a topic that you’re interested in and that which you have some background knowledge. It must also be narrow yet have adequate research material and be related to the specific class you’re currently taking. If you’re having trouble finding a good research topic, here are helpful tools on how to get started.

How to Select the Best English Research Paper Topics? Here Is the Easiest Way

Knowing how to select the best research paper topic is an essential skill that every student must have. It is crucial not only for English courses but also for other assignment papers that you will need to write. Selecting a great paper topic starts with choosing a topic of interest. You then need to do background research and brainstorm different ideas.

During the research, you also need to note down various keywords which will help you narrow down your topic. Finally, you need to use the why, who, what and when questions to get different aspects of the topic and to create an outline of how your content is going to look like.

Even with all the information, keep in mind the length, due date and makes sure your topic meets all the assignment requirements. However, don’t be so focused on your topic that you fail to modify it based on the research. In most instances, during the research process, it is normal to find some other aspects of the topic that are more interesting. So be flexible!

List of English Research Paper Topics for All Students

Your ideal paper topic should be written as a thesis statement. The thesis statement should be between one and two sentences. Keep in mind that the title of your paper may not be the same as your thesis statement, but both should convey the purpose and focus of your research. In English literature, there are so many topics at your disposal that it might overwhelm you. The best way to go about choosing your topic is to look at the different categories.

Look at the similarities between the two genres in the story or what are the differences. Is one genre more effective than the other and how each genre is portrayed in the story? You can also explain how a particular genre emerged or literature in current society.

What issues do the characters try to bring out ion the story? Or how are the characters important to the novel and how do they reflect in real society? These are some of the research topics you can consider.

Gender Roles

How is the gender portrayed in the story? What are the roles of men and women in the novel? You can examine equality or gender expectations as part of your research topics.

Culture and Literature

What cultural issues is the book addressing?

Politics and Religion

In the novel is there any connection between politics and religion? What beliefs is the book promoting?

Interesting 101 English Research Paper Topics

Role of technology in economics
Advantages of studying internationally versus locally
Importance of teamwork collaboration for nurses
School-based mandatory student drug testing approach work to reduce illicit substance use in adolescents
Does pissing on demand: workplace drug testing and the rise of the detox industry by Kenneth D. Tunnell advocate for invasiveness?
Psychological factors that influence consumer choice
Should Drug testing be mandatory for student-athletes?
The benefits of drug testing for welfare individuals
Employee drug testing can result in business productivity
Biblical allegories in modern literature
Steinberg display hypocrisy of modern Christianity
In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, rose of Sharon’s baby is a symbol of hope or death
Important themes in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck and their reflection in today’s society
Is The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck an educative classic novel or a controversial piece of writing?
Today’s immigrant can relate to the Joad family in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
The issue of accessibility of contraceptives for high school students
Sexism in the media industry
Whether or not convicted criminals should be eligible for social welfare
How hunting can become a necessary means in some cases
Drawbacks of a democratic political system
The issue of firearms and whether or not they should be registered with the police
Effects of gangs in poor urban centers
The pros and cons of legalizing prostitution
How early modern treatment of extremes resonate in present-day culture in Excess and the Mean in Early Modern English Literature by Joshua Scodel
How individual freedom and modern English culture is portrayed in Excess and the Mean in Early Modern English Literature by Joshua Scodel
How the pleasure of literature can lead to a dark side? Use the book Futile Pleasures: Early Modern Literature and the Limits of Utility by Corey McEleney
In the book Animal Characters: Nonhuman Beings in Early Modern Literature by Bruce Thomas explain how animal characters relate to the emerging economy and culture of the European Renaissance
The relationship between literary form and code of conduct in the book Rhetoric and Courtliness in Early Modern Literature by Jennifer Richards
Importance of digitization of medical records
The issue of feminist women being too harsh on other women who don’t support the movement
Life in London in the 18 th century
Ethical use of stem cells
Golan Heights and its importance to the Israelites
Various conflicts that have revolved around the Golan Heights
The issue of who are the legal occupants of Golan Height
Strange medieval family laws and their influence on society
The significance of the little bird in Trifles by Susan Glaspell
Changes in the role of women from Susan Glaspell’s Trifles
Use The Monk by Matthew Lewis as a response to formal realism.
The role of feminine men and masculine men in The Monk by Matthew Lewis
Feminism in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles
The role of violence in Victorian society in Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold
Literary criticism of The Monk by Mathew Lewis
Sea symbolism in Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold
How is the Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold a presentation of a changing world?
Is Susan Glaspell’s trifle the ultimate women suffrage story?
The Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold is a mockery of the Victorian society
Compare and contrast the Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S Eliot
The perception of how women love in the legend of La Llorona
The expectation of women in Marge Piercy’s Barbie Doll
Unfair treatment of women in the poem A work of Artifice by Marge Piercy
Discuss the theme of industrialization, corruption, and capitalism using Williams Blake’s London
London in the eighteenth century by William Blake’s London
Criticism of gender roles in The Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw
Social distinction in The Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw
Dehumanization effects of colonialism in Heart of Darkness by Josef Conrad
The theme of racism in Heart of Darkness by Josef Conrad
How the characters portray differences in social class in Pamela by Samuel Richardson
Teachers using modern technology affect the quality of education
How modern-day heroes shape young people
How marriage has changed for modern society
The link between illegal immigration and terrorism
The drawbacks of online dating apps
European influence on fashion in the world
How myths about eating certain foods are affecting health
Are UFOS a reality or fiction?
Pros and Cons of e-learning
Is bodybuilding only for boosting ego or for health reasons
The America dream for immigrants and minorities
How technology is revolutionizing terrorism
Eliminating the SAT for college admission can make education better
How the role of women in the military and battlefield has changed?
How depression affects human behavior
The genetic link to optimism can shape attitudes. Explain
Violent discipline by caregivers affects a child’s mental growth
Therapy and how it can be an effective rehabilitation method for hardcore prisoners
Secondhand smoke is the major cause of lung cancer deaths
How alternative medicine for cancer is unsafe
Children should be taught at school about various types of sexual orientation
Cybercrime is the new terrorism
The impact of Bioterrorism
The refugee crisis is increasing terrorism
Social media and modeling industry: Is social media making it easy for models to become rich?
Industrialization and agricultural activities are the greatest contributors to climate change
Effects of commercialization of sports
Negative effects of doing the wrong exercises
Dangers of consuming organic foods
Dangers of weight lifting on women
Whether or not sports betting should be regulated
Should gambling addiction be ranked in the same category as hard drugs?
Athletes are excelling because of their professional trainers
The modern pop musician has more influence than musicians of 80s
The definition of feminism has changed since the 18th century
Going to music school influences the success of a modern musician
Tobacco advertising and its effects
How obsession with healthy eating can drive more people into anorexia
The link between Social media and suicide for teenagers and youths
Should it be mandatory for parents to control their kid’s social media accounts
The civil rights movement and the effects
Analysis of strategies used to alter consumer attitudes
Globalization and how it affects the economy

Examples of English Research Paper Questions

One of the main parts of writing English research paper is to define the research paper question. The question often leads to a hypothesis or thesis statement. Good research questions will generally be based on the who, why, how and what type of questions.

For example, what are the main questions that a reader might ask in this topic or what are your opinions about the topic and who is affected by it? How is the culture portrayed in that particular novel or book? Which political values is the novel questioning? What are the differences and similarities between the two characters?

Once you have a couple of various research questions, you can choose the top three questions and use them to generate a thesis statement. You can then construct your paper around good research questions. If you don’t have a clue what to write, here are a couple of questions to inspire you.

Is random drug testing in a workplace ethical and necessary?
Do pharmaceutical companies view Ebola vaccine as unprofitable?
Has the role of the first lady changed?
Does motivation play a role in human development?
Should the use of marijuana be regulated?
Have the effects of religious cults changed today as compared to those in ancient society?
Is technology affecting health management?
Is it ethical to wear fur coats?
If a college education is made free, will it be more or less qualitative?
Are standardized tests a good way to evaluate a student’s knowledge?

How to Come up with the Best English Research Paper Ideas

The main point of choosing a research topic is to go for aspects of the subjects that you understood better and that which interests you the most. What’s great about a teacher asking you to come up with a research topic is that you can go in any direction that you want. You can look at imagery within the novel, or discuss the allegory of two random but related novels.

However, the process of coming up with English research paper topic that will impress your lecturer is not easy. If you don’t understand your assignments, then don’t hesitate to use our services. Feel free to call us now, and we will help you narrow down good topics that your lecturer will love.

Research Paper Guide

Research Paper Topics

250+ Interesting Research Paper Topics for 2022

22 min read

Published on: Dec 5, 2017

Last updated on: May 26, 2023

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There are a number of tasks you will have to face when you enroll in a college. Most students feel stressed and tired, particularly when it comes to writing a research paper.

Some say the hardest part of drafting a text is to get started. However, selecting good research topics even precedes the starting point. This practice takes a lot of time and creativity. Therefore, exploring this complete guide will give you plenty of topic ideas in no time.

Most of the time, the instructors assign a list of topics to the students. While sometimes, they give you the freedom to come up with the topic of your choice.

This is where our list of best research paper topics will come in handy. The essay experts at MyPerfectWords.com have collected impressive ideas for your paper. We will assist you in turning an average research paper into an exceptional one.

How to Find a Good Research Paper Topic?

There are some special techniques you should follow to pick the right research paper topic. Follow the easy steps below to find good research paper topics.

1. Conduct Background Research

The first step is to conduct detailed background research by reviewing the existing literature. It will help to identify the history of a well-defined research problem. Similarly, it will also assist in developing research questions and a thesis statement .

2. Brainstorm Topic Ideas

Brainstorm research topic ideas and make a list of the general subjects. Narrow down to a specific field of study and choose the one that interests you the most. It is the key to producing an interesting and impressive writing piece.

You can further take help from your professor to identify a unique idea to write a research paper. Remember, it would be better to avoid controversial topics for research papers if you are not confident about justifying them.

3. Find Relevant Information

The next step is to find relevant information about your chosen topic. For this, read different points of view available on the internet. Also, consult scholarly sources like books and peer-reviewed articles to keep the facts straight and referable.

4. Use Keywords

Try to come up with a keyword and reach the best-suited topic according to your subject and preference. For example, the keyword ‘violence’ can provide you with a number of choices. It may include gun violence, domestic violence, and other essay topics related to abuse.

This step serves as a crucial strategy to grab the reader’s attention.

5. Keep Your Audience in Mind

Always keep your target audience in mind. It is another important element in selecting your high-school or college research paper topics.

For this, a writer must strictly comply with the instructor's preference and requirements. Make sure your topic gets approved before you begin with the writing process.

What is a Good Topic for a Research Paper?

A good research topic is the one that has the following characteristics;

Specific and Solid - the aims of research and expected results should be clear.

Original and Unique - a good research topic should be original. And the research should be aimed to be unique and never done before.

Extremely Important - It should be significant for the society, community, or to a field of study.

Relevant - It should be relevant for the readers.

Trending - These kinds of topics are the ones that spark interest among the readers and keep them interested.

What are the 6 Types of Research Questions?

Here are the 6 important types of research questions that you should know about when creating it for your research paper.

Exploratory Questions - These questions are designed to explore the question in detail.
Predictive Questions - These questions are used to predict the results of the research.
Interpretive Questions - Interpretive research is conducted in the participants’ natural setting. These questions interpret how a group shares experiences.
Descriptive Questions - It is a basic kind of question and it describes the main research topic in detail.
Comparative Questions - Comparative questions compare one thing or occurrence with another.
Relationship-based Questions - These questions are about understanding the relation between different variables.

Best Research Paper Topics 2022

Here are some impressive and easy research paper topics to write an extraordinary paper.

Research Paper Topics on Marketing and Business

Explain workforce rules and regulations in Texas.
How can we stop corporate abuse?
Small business innovations to grow your business setup.
Ways to reduce taxes in small businesses.
Effective tips for women in business.
How has marketing etiquette changed in the last few years?
Why are stock markets becoming more popular?
What are the positive effects of relationship marketing?
How globalization impacts brand marketing?
Can women prove to be better marketing experts than men?

Research Paper Topics on Economics

Discuss Balanced vs. Unbalanced growth.
How to improve the quality of life in developing countries?
Ways to measure and manage inflation.
Demand and supply analysis - A complete guide
History trends in Income disparity.
An easy guideline for property rights.
Standards versus taxes as policy instruments.
Explain the difference between private and public finance.
Understanding the dynamics of economics and culture influence.
Immigration and its impacts on the economy

Research Paper Topics on Current Affairs

How has feminism changed over the years?
Has the “Black Lives Matter” movement reduced racism in the United States?
Are we moving towards World War 3?
Has China decided to tackle its pollution problem?
India: A poor nation or a superpower?
Is the U.S. economy becoming stronger or weaker?
How important is it to reduce the Federal budget deficit?
How can police departments minimize the danger to officers from shooters?
How can Chicago reduce the amount of violence and murders in the city?
Should it be easier for people to become United States citizens?

Research Paper Topics on Education

Should American students take a gap year between school and college?
Discuss the concept of homeschool along with its benefits.
Education and funding - A complete overview.
Pros and cons of standardized tests - Discuss briefly.
Do college students make more money?
Should education be cheaper?
How will modern technologies change the way of teaching in the future?
The creation of particular learning methods for blind children.
Benefits and risks of social networking in school.
The role of technology in lesson planning.

Research Paper Topics on English Literature

Similarities and differences between Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.
Do you believe that Dickens failed after turning to serious and romantic novels?
Examine controversies associated with Shakespeare.
Literature as an instrument of propaganda.
The American Dream in the 20th century’s literature.
Religion and literature in a secular age.
Discuss the works of Hemingway.
Why did “Harry Potter” become so popular?
Classify artificial languages in literature.
What is the role of mythology in English literature?

Discover Captivating Topics in a Click!

College Research Paper Topics

IELTS vs. TOEFL - Discuss the similarities and differences.
College admission policies and criteria in the United States.
How to plan for paying college tuition?
Elaborate on ACT vs. SAT.
Benefits of Distance learning.
Impacts of China's one-child policy.
Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
Effect of the No Child Left Behind Act.
Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?

High School Research Paper Topics

Discuss methods to prevent bullying at high schools.
Study the ways to plan for high school tuition.
How to handle diseases like AIDS?
Future of science: Expectations vs Reality.
Discuss political issues in the Middle East.
Discuss the personality of Bill Clinton as a politician.
Critically analyze the revolution of terrorism in the modern world.
Developing relationships on the internet must be avoided. Why?
How natural disasters have affected developing states?
Examine Barack Obama’s life before and after the presidency.

Research Paper Topics on Health

Effects of Fast-food culture on regional cuisines.
Should there be a minimum weight limit for models?
Unique school lunch ideas for kids.
Should steroids be legalized?
Should indoor smoking be banned by the government?
The politics of climate change in Canada.
Deafness and other communication disorders in children.
Eye disease, vision health, and blindness - Major symptoms and causes.
A detailed guide to Global health security - Threats and opportunities.
Effects on household air pollution on human health.

Research Paper Topics on Abortion

Critical analysis of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act.
How to protect abortion clinics and the rights to protest?
Facts of the Partial-birth abortion.
Can abortion be viewed as murder?
Is it right for abortion clinics to profit from terminating pregnancies?
Adverse psychological effects on families that decided to do an abortion.
Abortion as an ethical problem.
Correlation between religion and abortion.
The number of abortions may affect the birth rate - Discuss?
The prohibition of abortion may have dreadful consequences.

Psychology Research Paper Topics

Causes of depression among youth.
Define Memory and its types.
Why do we dream?
Criminal psychology vs. Forensic psychology.
Child abuse - Ways to prevent it.
The relation between obesity and watching TV.
Discuss the psychological reasons for mental stress.
Elaborate on the link between mental health and child obesity.
Are later mental health issues related to childhood trauma?
Divorce – The influence on children

Related: Psychology Research Topics - 200+ Interesting Ideas

Research Paper Topics on Adoption

Foster care: Issues and Concerns
An overview of children with special needs.
How is cross-cultural adoption raising sensitive issues?
Psychological issues faced adopted children.
Standard procedures of same-sex couples looking to adopt.
Adult adoption - Discuss complete processes and laws.
Positive and negative aspects of DNA profiling.
Discuss the problems after adopting a child.
Open adoption is the biggest lie. Discuss.
Should adopted children be allowed to contact their real parents?

Research Paper Topics on Information Technology

Instant messaging affects literacy. Discuss the reasons?
Violent video games are the reason for juvenile delinquency.
Best Spotify and related apps you should try.
Discuss the long-term effects of living in a technological world.
How has social media helped to solve world problems?
Information technologies and the internet has made work from home the norm. Explain.
Impacts of digital learning on schools and education.
How technology is impacting globalization and the global economy?
How can people use information technology to change the world?
The Internet does need control and censorship. Comment.

Research Paper Topics on Media and Communication

Say NO to online censorship.
Ways to detect bias in the news media?
Impacts of advertising on children.
Reality TV - How it works?
Freedom of speech - Why is it an important right?
Explore the examples of political correctness.
Significance of media in war against crimes.
Examine the concept of freedom & rights of expression in a democratic state.
Describe the conflict between Media and religion.
Discuss the history of the film industry.

Research Paper Topics on Computer Science

Open Source software and its importance.
Everything you need to know about Blockchain.
A beginner’s guide to SEO basics.
Is Mac safer than windows?
Is Artificial Intelligence the right thing to do?
Neuron networks and machine learning.
What is the importance of big data analysis?
All about computer assistance in support services.
Concept of database architecture and management.
Digital security vs private information.

Sociological Research Paper Topics

Overview of Gun laws in the United States.
Hate crime - A brief review.
How to prevent identity theft?
Discuss the causes and types of Poverty.
Trends and patterns in interracial marriage.
Airline safety tips - A beginner’s guide.
Impacts of social media on youth.
5 Types of Birth control options.
A critical analysis of youth cultures.
Class Conflict in the 21st century

Related: Interesting Sociology Research Topics & Ideas for Students

Research Paper Topics on Religion

Discuss the popular new age religions.
How do religions influence morality?
Elaborate on the concept of freedom of religion.
Briefly discuss the world's religions with no god.
The rise of modernism in Religion.
Christianity and the global economic order.
What is the role of the Church in the 19th century’s social action?
American’s view of Church sex abuse scandals.
Ways to handle religion in the workplace.
Discuss the relationship between world religions and science.

Research Paper Topics on Bullying

Top punishments for bullying.
Cyberbullying and how to stop it.
Types and consequences of Individual bullying.
Should laws be enforced to stop bullying?
Can bullying be a cause for murder?
What should school authorities do to fight to bully?
How to identify and manage workplace bullying?
What does it feel like to be bullied?
Do bullies specifically choose their targets in school?
Do people abandon unwanted behavior when they graduate school?

Research Paper Topics on Culture

Explore the evolution of rap music.
Is Ethnic conflict avoidable?
Does religion influence culture and to what extent?
How do different cultures deal with deaths?
Culture of my community - A detailed overview
Gender roles in different cultures - A cross-cultural perspective.
Discuss the History of cultural revolutions.
10 most prominent cultural events of the 20th century.
Struggles of Interracial Relationships
The power of Mentoring minorities in the workplace.

Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Who is to blame for homelessness?
What should the ideal age for alcohol consumption be?
Curfews for young adults - Discuss the reasons and consequences
Can a family survive on the US minimum wage?
Money itself isn’t the cause of evil but how you choose to use it.
The death sentence should be activated in every country of the world.
Smoking in public places has to be banned.
Should court proceedings be documented for television?
Why should we lower the voting age?
Pros and cons of globalization

Persuasive Research Paper Topics

Kids should be allowed to have their own pets. Elaborate on the reasons.
Reasons why junk meals must be banned from schools.
Analyze the productive ways to spend money.
Parents should be more engaged in the educational process. Why?
Vaccines have more negative effects than positive ones. Discuss.
Patients with chronic diseases should be sent to mental hospitals.
Why is it important to stop the production and selling of weapons?
What are the major reasons to remain honest in life situations?
Hobbies do help people with their careers. How?
Why is an effective time management strategy important for jobs?

History Research Paper Topics

Cause of the decline of the Mughal dynasty.
How did the Roman Empire fall?
Effects Julius Caesar had in Rome.
How did Genghis Khan conquer Persia?
Discuss the use of weapons in Ancient Civilizations.
Bridal Ceremonies in Ancient Rome - A brief overview.
Social Relationships in Medieval Europe - A case study.
Understanding the impacts of Apartheid.
Describe the main causes of the Thirty Years War.
History of gender bias in England.

Research Paper Topics on Arts

Differences in the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance.
Impacts famous artists had on the world.
Explain the art of Ancient Egypt.
Art therapy is used to heal people. How?
Is photography an art?
Discuss the history of the Bauhaus Movement.
Discuss the concept of censorship in art.
Digital art and its rise.
Hollywood vs. Bollywood.
Fine art vs. Folk art.

Easy Research Paper Topics

Steps involved in making a music video?
Discuss the factors that can stop sexual harassment.
The negative impacts of feminism on the employment culture.
How to deal with personality orders?
Why white-collar jobs losing their significance?
Discuss the consequences of homeschooling.
Effects of using plastic bags.
How to solve the issue of gender discrimination at workplaces?
Factors that can influence the behavior of an individual.
Impacts of social networks on mental health

Research Paper Topics on World Problems

Discuss the examples of human rights violations.
Consequences of the shortage of natural resources.
What is the difference between global warming and climate change?
The crisis of water pollution and shortage.
Violence and Conflict Resolution in the changing world order.
World Trade and Tourism - A global agenda for sustainable development.
How can we overcome the challenge of corruption in governance?
Discuss the brief history of space exploration.
What are the effects of migration on the urban population?
Discuss top wild animals’ endangered species.

Research Paper Topics on Criminal Justice

Should the police use body cameras?
What is White-collar crime? Discuss examples.
Penalties for DUI (Drinking Under the Influence) should be made stricter. Why?
Discuss laws that protect animal rights.
10 facts about hate crimes.
Causes of Sexual harassment in the workplace.
What action should the government take to address police brutality?
Ethics of Assisted suicide.
Is it possible to cure a serial killer?
What can we do to curb domestic violence?

Funny Research Paper Topics

How companies can improve their odds by becoming a unicorn?
Pop art vs. lady gaga.
The art of erasing bad memories and only remembering good ones.
Can chicken feathers determine the speed of tornados?
Harry Potter and the world of wizards.
Do You Love Using Your Surname?
Why Do Most People Love Watching Funny Animal Videos?
Do You Know What Your Pet Dog Is Thinking?
All Men Know How To Pick The Right Clothes.
School Dropouts Are The Best In Our Society.

Good Research Paper Topics

Here are some good research paper topics for you to choose from for your paper.

US History Research Paper Topics

The American Revolution
The American Civil War
The US Constitution
The American West
US Presidents
US Foreign Policy
The Cold War
Civil Rights in America
Latin America and the US
The Environmental Movement in America

Research Paper Topics on Social Media

Social media and its effect on human behavior
The impact of social media on society
Social media and marketing
Social media and cyberbullying
The rise of social media
Social media and privacy
Social media addiction
How social media is changing the way we communicate
The pros and cons of social media
Social media and democracy

Research Paper Topics for English Linguistics

The history and evolution of the English language
The different dialects of English and their origins
The influence of English on other languages
The impact of technology on the English language
The role of the media in shaping the English language
The challenges of teaching English as a second language
The importance of English in the global context
The future of the English language
The impact of globalization on the English language
The role of English in education.

Controversial Research Paper Topics

Religious freedom
Violence in media content.
The limits of self-defense
Psychological effects of hate crimes
Gender equality will never exist.
The medical tourism issue.
Bloggers are not journalists.
Is politics always a dirty game?
Religion is not based on science
The ethical issues of human cloning.

Nursing Research Paper Topics

Causes of childhood obesity
Psychiatric patient ethics
Common measles complications in children
Features of the classification of nurses.
What is epidural?
How does alcohol addiction happen?
Proper treatment of sleep disorders
Major causes of Type II diabetes.
Drive-thru pharmacy
Ethical rules on infertility

Research Paper Topics in Chemistry

Acids properties
Lewis structure study
Gas laws application
The future of inorganic chemistry
Define and describe steroids
What is enzyme kinetics?
Photons and physical chemistry
Chemistry in everyday life
Metal oxides in electronics
The main stages of gasoline production

Ethical Research Paper Topics

Is donating organs morally justified?
Ethics and homeless people treatment.
Is it legal for judges to lie?
Is assisted suicide not the same as murder?
The basic notions of ethics
Bias among employees
Is it mandatory to give flu shots to kids?
Role of ethics in friendship
The issue of truth in ethics
The correlation between ethics and philosophy

Environmental Research Paper Topics

Water management
The scientific standpoint for climate change
Noise and light pollution
History of environmental studies
How and why does acid rain forms?
Can humans survive without bees?
Reinforcing the ozone layer: is it possible?
Evaluate what is meant by urban ecology
Noise pollution and modernization
Long-term repercussions of plastic pollution.

Politics Research Paper Topics

Election ethics
The interdependence of modern leaders
The impact of political scandals
News coverage media bias
China-US relations in 2022
The Swedish immigrant crisis
How did the Afghanistan war start?
Chinese political thought
Children soldiers in Africa
The foreign policy of your country.

Science and Technology Research Paper Topics

Evolution of war technology
5 major fields of robotics
How to eliminate stalking?
The impact of digital learning on schools
Discuss the internet of things story
How can the internet be improved?
Types of software security
IT project management
Can technology help people quit smoking?
Cloud computing vs. artificial intelligence

Law Research Paper Topics

The different types of crime
Business laws in Africa
Environmental and wildlife crimes
The pros and cons of federalism
Is it time to reform US family law?
Women and religion
How does the law regulate drugs?
The way biometrics affect cybersecurity.
Importance of capacity to contract
Intelligent design

Social Research Paper Topics

Rise of hate groups in society
How are secure social networks?
Class and parenting styles
How has fast food affected society?
Political culture in the U.S.
Socialism and its effectiveness
Class stratification and inequality
Impact of bullying on mental health
Importance of marriage
What are the benefits of arranged marriage?

The above-given interesting research topics will help you write a perfect research paper.

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180 Top English Research Topics and Ideas

Table of Contents

What are the best English Research Topics? Do you want to write an impressive research paper on a unique English research topic? In general, when it comes to writing a research paper on English, there are numerous topics you can research about. However, out of them all, choosing an interesting topic that will help you grab the attention of the readers is really challenging.

If you are confused about how to choose a good English research topic and write a brilliant English research paper, then continue reading this blog and learn how to get started. Also, explore the suggested list of the top English research paper topics and ideas for writing an A+ English assignment.

English Research Paper Topic Selection

It is essential for every student to have knowledge of how to select a good topic for writing an academic essay or research paper. No matter whether it is an English research paper or the research papers of any other subject, whenever you are assigned a task to write a research paper by selecting a topic on your own, this is what you should do.

First, identify the topic of your interest.
Conduct background research and brainstorm different ideas related to your area of interest.
Note down various keywords that will help you narrow down the essay topic.
Finally, analyze and get different perspectives on the topic by raising the questions such as what, why, who, and when.
Based on your answers to the variety of questions, prepare an outline of how your content would look like.
Before finalizing your research topic, keep in mind the length, due date and also check whether or not your topic meets all the assignment requirements shared by your instructor.

For choosing the best English research topic, you don’t need to be so focused on a specific topic. Instead, you can modify your topic and generate new interesting research ideas to deal with by analyzing the different perspectives of the topic.

Remember, the research topic you choose is said to be good only if it is interesting and exciting to you and your readers. Also, it is advisable to go with a topic you are familiar with and have a wide research scope and different reference sources. So, when generating research paper topic ideas, keep these aspects in mind and make sure to pick a unique topic that will help you earn an A+ grade.

Read More – Learn and Understand the Common English Techniques

List of English Research Topics and Ideas

As said earlier, English is a broad subject with a variety of research topics. If you are asked to write an English research paper, you can choose any topic from categories that are related to English literature, technology, drugs and alcohol, politics, culture, religion, gender discrimination, and activism.

Usually, searching and finding a good research topic consumes a lot of time and effort. Hence, in order to make your search process easier and to help you save time, here we have recommended a list of the top English Research Topics and Ideas.

Go through the entire list of ideas and pick a research topic that is comfortable for you to perform research and write a top-quality English research paper.

Outstanding English Research Topics

Examine American Literature
How have women contributed to literature?
Advantages of studying internationally versus locally
What is the prevalence of discrimination at work today?
How do alcohol and drug addiction lead to suicide?
Ways of improving race relations
How have novels impacted political issues?
Should corporal punishment be allowed?
Analyze terrorism and its impact on business
Should drug testing be mandatory for student-athletes?
How effective is the no child left behind act?
The effect of cell phones and texting
The impact of tenure on the teaching quality
The impact of tariffs on domestic jobs
The issue of accessibility of contraceptives for high school students

Amazing English Research Paper Topics

Should people sell their organs to get money?
Ways of reducing human trafficking in America
The role of technology in economics
Psychological factors that influence consumer choice
Biblical allegories in modern literature
The democratic political system along with its benefits and limitations
Difference between authoritarianism, democracy, and monarchy
Biblical hermeneutics
Manuscripts of the New Testament
Textual Criticism of the New Testament
Controversies related to Euthanasia
Describe the contributions of Indian writers to English literature.
Explain the theme of racism in Heart of Darkness by Josef Conrad.
The manifestation of non-standard usage of English among University Students.
Describe the personal happiness versus societal norms in Victorian literature.

Also read: Top 12 Longest Words in the English Language

Intriguing English Research Paper Topics

Find and compare the same characters in Japanese Myths and anime series
How has Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed chivalrous ideals, and why is it now essential for society?
The consequences of negativity in modern literature.
How can hunting become a necessary means in some cases?
Provide a detailed history of the Hundred Years’ War and its results.
Holy Roman Empire: from successor to the Romans to a Nazi symbol.
Liberalism in national politics: emergence and evolution.
The history of the world is a series of conquests.
Impact of counseling and guidance on scholars’ academic performance.
Sexism in the media industry
Drawbacks of a democratic political system
The issue of feminist women being too harsh on other women who don’t support the movement
Whether or not convicted criminals should be eligible for social welfare.
The effects of gangs in poor urban centers
How can the pleasure of literature lead to a dark side?

Best English Research Ideas

The perception of how women love in the legend of La Llorona
The importance of the digitization of medical records
Life in London in the 18th century
Literary Criticism of The Monk by Mathew Lewis
Compare and contrast Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S Eliot.
Discuss the theme of industrialization, corruption, and capitalism using Williams Blake’s London.
The expectation of women in Marge Piercy’s Barbie Doll
Criticism of gender roles in The Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw
The theme of racism in Heart of Darkness by Josef Conrad
How modern-day heroes shape young people
The link between illegal immigration and terrorism
Does modern technology for teaching affect the quality of education?
How marriage has changed in modern society
Celebration of Pride Month in the United Kingdom
Cases of Mercy Killing in the United States

Informative Topics for English Research Paper

Euthanasia – Right to Die versus Right to Life
Use of automation in Healthcare system
What is the neoclassical period in English Literature?
What is Medieval English Literature as well as the idea of the anthology?
Explain the variations across the different dialects and speakers of English
What is the impact of diversity on a society’s development and progress?
Should the government control what is served in school cafeterias?
The high school curriculum should include subjects related to real life. Discuss.
What are the psychological effects of the Holocaust on the survivors?
Effectiveness of the federal education system as compared to other countries’ education systems.
Discuss the role of postsecondary educational institutions in American literacy.
Legal consequences of plagiarism in academic writing.
How to boost English communication skills for international students?
Technical barriers in oral and written communication in the English language.

Interesting English Research Topics

Pros and Cons of e-learning
The American dream for immigrants and marginalized group
Are UFOS a reality or fiction?
Write about the life of tribals.
How has the role of women in the military and battlefield changed?
How technology is revolutionizing terrorism
The drawbacks of online dating apps
How depression affects human behavior
Violent discipline by caregivers affects a child’s mental growth
How alternative medicine for cancer is unsafe
Negative effects of doing the wrong exercises
Cybercrime is the new terrorism
European influence on fashion in the world
The genetic link to optimism can shape attitudes. Explain
The Impact of Bioterrorism

Captivating English Research Paper Ideas

Effects of commercialization of sports
Dangers of consuming organic foods
The refugee crisis is increasing terrorism
Analysis of the Crisis between Ukraine and Russia
Impact of the controversial cartoon of Prophet Muhammad
The recent issue on Prophet Muhammad
The threat of Third World War
How the English Language Has Evolved Over the Last 20 Years Due to Improvements in Technology.
What is the difference between communicative English as well as Written English?
Discuss the role of America in the aerospace field.
What is psychology and Literature?
Does beauty, in general, determine how much a person will be successful in life?
What are some pros and cons related to plastic surgery?
Cross-cultural influences of the English language.
Should sports betting be regulated?
Critical analysis of the role of the National Organization for Women (NOW)
What other common sayings such as “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” exist in your language?
Discuss the importance of learning the English language to increase employability in developed nations
Communism as an ideology and communism in USSR are many different things: Explain
Theatre artists often risk their mental health while playing the roles of killers: Explain with justification

Excellent English Research Paper Topics

Tobacco advertising and its effects
Dangers of weight lifting on women
The definition of feminism has changed since the 18th century
Should it be mandatory for parents to control their kid’s social media accounts?
Globalization and How it affects the Economy
Contributions by Indian writers to English literature.
The civil rights movement and the effects
Shakespeare’s contribution to English literature.
Industrialization and agricultural activities are the greatest contributors to climate change
Is social media making it easy for models to become rich?
The reasons for fictional languages in literature
Female writers in English literature.
Gender controversy in modern English.
Challenges of learning English as a second language
The role of women in the military.

Impressive English Research Paper Topics

Should we legalize all immigrants without papers?
How efficient are police borders?
How are activism and protests criminalized?
The modern pop musician has more influence than musicians of the 80s
Children should be taught at school about various types of sexual orientation
Therapy and how it can be an effective rehabilitation method for hard-core prisoners
Is bodybuilding only for boosting ego or for health reasons?
Dehumanization effects of colonialism in Heart of Darkness by Josef Conrad
Sea symbolism in Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold
Use The Monk by Matthew Lewis as a response to formal realism.
Strange medieval family laws and their influence on society
Golan Heights and its importance to the Israelites
The pros and cons of legalizing prostitution
Second-hand smoke is the major cause of lung cancer deaths
Athletes are excelling because of their professional trainers.
Critical analysis of the impact of religious believers and stereotypes of society
Discuss the similarities and differences between classical music and modern music
Analyze the relationship between social status and political power depicted in William Shakespeare’s play
What should be actions every government needs to undertake to provide equal rights and opportunities to the people belonging to the LGBTQ+ community?
Discuss how Europeans perceive Indians and Middle-East countries’ people

Also read: Learn About Different Language Features in English

Final Words

From the list of English research topics and ideas suggested in this blog post, you can use any topic of your choice and come up with an excellent, top-scoring English research paper. If you still find it difficult to choose an impressive English research paper topic, then you can use our English Assignment Help service without hesitation.

We are well-known for offering reliable essay writing and research paper writing service to our customers by connecting them with well-experienced academic writers in various fields of study. So, without any second thought, just avail of our USA assignment help & writing service to enjoy the necessary academic benefits at a reasonable rate.

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Write an Exemplary English Research Paper: An All in One Guide for You

Table of Contents

English literature is probably the universal favourite subject. If it is not a favourite language, it can be considered the most known and used language worldwide.

And do you know what the irony is? Studies say there are more than 7000 languages in the world. However, English is considered the most widely used language even though it is the native language of fewer than 15 countries in the world among 195 countries.

This is because English is the official language of various nations. Owing to this, many people of non-English native origin must learn and communicate in English academically and professionally. The result is they require more guidance to write, communicate or generate ideas in English.

If you are a non-native or native English speaker pursuing a major in English and have to submit a research paper in English, for that reason, you are looking for the best English research paper topics to work on. Then you are at the right place.

Keep reading to find out why! But before that, let us check out the structure of an English research paper.

Reading a book or watching a movie in English and majoring in English are two different worlds entirely, as are writing a journal and writing a research paper on English literature topics. Writing a research paper can be a daunting task, especially for non-native speakers of English.

However, with proper planning and organisation, anyone can write an effective research paper in English. You can refer to the English research paper examples and check out the structure used in those.

A. Title Page:

The research paper’s title page should include the paper’s title, the author’s name, the author’s institutional affiliation, and the date of submission.

B. Abstract:

The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, typically no more than 250 words. It should concisely overview the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions.

C. Introduction:

The introduction should provide a background to the research question, explaining why the topic is important and what previous research has been done in this area. It should also state the research question or hypothesis and explain the methodology used in the study.

D. Literature Review:

The literature review analyses previous research on the topic, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps in the existing research. This section should provide a critical literature analysis, identifying previous studies’ strengths and weaknesses.

E. Methodology:

The methodology section should describe the methods used in the study, including the research design, data collection procedures, and data analysis techniques. This section should be detailed enough that another researcher could replicate the study.

F. Results:

The results section should present the findings of the study clearly and concisely. Tables and figures can be used to present data in a more visual format.

G. Discussion:

The discussion section should interpret the study results, explaining what they mean in the context of previous research and the research question. This section should also identify any limitations of the study and suggest areas for future research.

H. Conclusion:

The conclusion should summarise the study’s main findings and restate the research question or hypothesis. It should also briefly discuss the implications of the findings and suggest areas for future research.

I. References:

The references section should list all sources cited in the paper, following a particular citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). All references should be accurate and complete.

In conclusion, writing a research paper in English requires careful planning and organisation. Following the above structure, you can create a well-written and well-structured research paper that effectively communicates your findings to your audience.

The Secret to Higher Grades is Good English Research Paper Topics – Here’s Why!

Topics for research papers in English are the most crucial part of your research paper. It is that first that can make or break the gsame. Hence, choosing the right topic for your English research paper is critical to your academic success. It is the foundation on which your entire research paper will be built, and it will ultimately determine the quality of your work.

Here are some reasons why choosing the right English literature research paper topics is so important:

a) Interest and Motivation

Choosing a topic that you are genuinely interested in will make your research process much more enjoyable and rewarding. When you are passionate about a topic, you are more likely to stay engaged throughout the research and writing process. This interest and motivation will reflect in the quality of your research paper, making it more likely to be well received.

b) Originality and Creativity

An original and creative topic can set your research paper apart from others. Choosing a unique perspective on a topic, or exploring an aspect of a topic that has not been extensively researched, can make your research paper stand out. It will also demonstrate your ability to think critically and independently, an essential academic skill.

c) Relevance and Significance

Choosing a relevant and significant topic for your field of study is essential to ensure your research paper has value. Your research should be able to address a knowledge gap, contribute to ongoing debates or provide new insights into a topic. It should also be relevant to current events or societal issues that may be of interest to others in your field.

d) Feasibility and Manageability

Choosing a feasible and manageable topic within the given timeframe and resources is crucial. You should consider the availability of primary and secondary sources, the complexity of the topic, and the time required to analyse and interpret the data. It’s important to be realistic about what you can accomplish within the given constraints of your research project.

e) Career Advancement

Choosing a well-researched and well-written research paper can be an asset to your career advancement. A successful research paper can be used as a writing sample when applying for jobs or graduate school. It can also demonstrate your research and writing skills, which are highly valued in many fields.

Take the time to carefully consider your options and choose a topic you are passionate about that meets the criteria for a successful research paper.

How to Choose the Best English Research Topic?

Writing an English research paper is tough, but choosing the best English research topic can be an even more challenging task. That said it doesn’t have to be overwhelming. In fact, it can be an exciting opportunity to explore a subject that interests you and make a valuable contribution to the English language and literature field. Here are some tips to help you choose the best English research topic:

a) Follow your passion

Start by identifying your interests and passions. What aspects of the English language or literature do you find most intriguing? Do you enjoy reading novels or analysing language patterns? What kind of topics do you enjoy discussing with your peers or professors? Choosing a topic that resonates with your interests will motivate you to dive deep into the research and produce high-quality work.

b) Narrow your focus

Once you have a general idea of what you want to research, narrowing down your focus is important. A broad topic like “Shakespeare’s influence on English literature” may be too broad for a research project. Consider breaking it down into more specific subtopics such as “The use of language in Hamlet” or “The portrayal of women in Othello.” This will help you develop a clear and focused research question you can answer in your project.

c) Conduct preliminary research

Before finalising your research topic, conducting some preliminary research to see what has already been studied in the field is essential. This will help you to avoid choosing a topic that has already been extensively researched or one that has little existing literature. Use academic databases, search engines, and other research tools to find articles, books, and other sources related to your potential topic.

d) Consider the feasibility of your topic

It’s important to choose a topic that is feasible to research within the given timeframe and resources. Consider the availability of primary and secondary sources, the complexity of the topic, and the time required to analyse and interpret the data. Be realistic about what you can accomplish within the given constraints of your research project.

e) Seek feedback from others

Finally, seek feedback from your peers, professors, or mentors. They can provide valuable insights into your research topic, offer suggestions for improvement, and help you refine your research question. By receiving feedback from others, you can ensure that your research topic is relevant, meaningful, and impactful.

Keep these pointers in mind to choose a research topic that is engaging, relevant, and feasible and make a valuable contribution to the field of English language and literature.

1. Outstanding English Research Topics

The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture
Gender Stereotypes in the Workplace
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Its Ethical Implications
The Role of Education in Reducing Poverty
The Relationship between Parental Involvement and Student Achievement
The Effectiveness of Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Learning
The Influence of Music on Mood and Memory
The Psychological Effects of Colour on Marketing
The Impact of Globalisation on Cultural Identity

2. Amazing English Research Topics

The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class in Contemporary Society
The Future of Space Exploration and Colonization
The Ethics of Gene Editing and Genetic Enhancement
The Impact of Social Media on Political Discourse and Democracy
The Psychology of Motivation and Goal-Setting
The Relationship between Language and Thought
The Evolution of Human Rights and International Law
The Economics of Sustainable Development and Green Energy
The Role of Arts and Culture in Building Strong Communities
The History and Significance of Cryptography in Modern Society.

3. Excellent English Literature Topics

The Concept of the American Dream in Literature
The Significance of Symbolism in Poetry
The Representation of Women in Literature
The Use of Foreshadowing in Gothic Literature
The Portrayal of Mental Illness in Contemporary Fiction
The Influence of Shakespeare on Modern Literature
The Theme of Identity in Postcolonial Literature
The Role of Religion in Literature
The Evolution of Science Fiction as a Literary Genre
The Impact of War on Literature and Culture.

4. Best English Research Paper Topics

The Effects of Social Media on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Adolescents
Exploring the Relationship between Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance
Analysing the Impact of Crypto currency on Financial Markets
The Psychological and Social Effects of Virtual Reality Technology
Investigating the Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
The Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Gene Editing
Examining the Role of Social Capital in Community Development
The Representation of Race and Ethnicity in Popular Media
The Future of Autonomous Vehicles and Their Impact on Society
The Effects of Climate Change on Human Health and Well-Being
The Psychological Effects of Online Dating and Social Networking
Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Analysing the Effects of Income Inequality on Social Mobility
The Significance of Storytelling in Human Culture and Communication.

4. English Research Paper Topics on Historical Events

The Causes and Consequences of World War I
The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Society and Culture
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States
The Causes and Effects of the French Revolution
The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
The Reconstruction Era in American History
The Holocaust and its Legacy in Modern Society
The American Revolution and the Birth of a Nation
The Cold War and its Impact on International Relations
The Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression
The Age of Exploration and Its Impact on World History
The Renaissance: Art, Literature, and Scientific Advancement
The Russian Revolution and the Rise of Communism.
The Role of Women in Historical Events and Movements
The French Resistance during World War II
The Cultural Revolution in China
The Scramble for Africa and Its Consequences
The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Threat of Nuclear War.

5. English Research Topics on Films

The Evolution of the Film Industry: Past, Present, and Future
The Analysis of Film Techniques and Their Effect on Audience Perception
The Representation of Gender and Race in Contemporary Cinema
The Influence of Film Noir on Modern Cinema
The Portrayal of Mental Health in Film and Television
The Significance of Music in Film: Soundtracks, Scores, and Songs
The Cultural Impact of Superhero Movies on Society
The Role of Horror Films in Contemporary Culture
The Representation of Historical Events and Figures in Film
The Effects of the Pandemic on the Film Industry
The Portrayal of Science and Technology in Science Fiction Films
The Use of Animation and Special Effects in Modern Cinema

6. English Research Topics for College Students

Exploring the Link between Music and Emotion: An Interdisciplinary Study
The Future of Renewable Energy: Advancements and Challenges
Investigating the Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Well-being
The Significance of Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace
Examining the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
The History and Evolution of the Fashion Industry
The Ethics of Animal Testing: Balancing Scientific Advancement and Animal Welfare
The Psychology of Decision Making: Theories and Applications
The Role of Education in Promoting Social Justice and Equity
Analysing the Effects of Social Support on Mental and Physical Health
The Impact of Globalisation on Cultural Identity and Diversity
Investigating the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety and Depression

There are thousands of other English topics to write about all over the internet, but the above-mentioned are the best ones handpicked for you to score impressively with your research paper. All the best!

English Research Paper Examples

Below are some sample parts of English Research Paper –

Q2. What is the best way to narrow down a research topic in English?

Ans. To narrow down a research topic in English:

Start by brainstorming a list of potential subtopics related to your broader area of interest.
Evaluate the feasibility and significance of each subtopic, and determine which ones have the most potential for further exploration.
Conduct preliminary research on each subtopic to assess the availability of sources and existing scholarship.
Select the most promising subtopic for your research.

Q3. How do I structure an English research paper?

Ans. An English research paper should have a clear structure, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.

The introduction should provide background information and a clear thesis statement.
The literature review should summarise previous research on the topic.
The methodology should describe the methods used to conduct the research.
The results should present the findings, and the discussion should analyse and interpret the results.
The conclusion should summarise the key findings and implications of the research.

Q4. How do I write a strong thesis statement for my English research paper?

Ans. To write a strong thesis statement for an English research paper:

Start by identifying the main topic or question you want to address.
Craft a concise statement that presents your argument or perspective on the topic.
Make sure your thesis statement is clear, specific, and debatable.

It should also provide a roadmap for your paper and set the tone for your research.

Q5. Do I analyse data in an English research paper?

Ans. Whether or not you need to analyse data in an English research paper depends on your specific research question and methodology. If your research involves collecting and analyzing data, you must include a results section that presents and analyses your findings. However, if your research is more focused on literature analysis or other qualitative methods, you may not need to include a data analysis section.

Q6. How do I evaluate sources for my English research paper?

Ans. When evaluating sources for an English research paper, consider the following:

Relevance: Determine if the source is directly relevant to your research question and thesis statement.
Authority: Determine the credibility of the author and their expertise in the field. Check their credentials and look for signs of bias or conflicts of interest.
Currency: Determine how recent the source is and if it provides up-to-date information.
Accuracy: Determine if the information in the source is reliable, accurate, and supported by evidence.
Objectivity: Determine if the source presents a balanced perspective or if it is biased towards a particular viewpoint.
Audience: Determine the source’s intended audience and consider if it is appropriate for your research.
Accessibility: Determine if the source is accessible to you, both physically and legally.

Q7. How do I properly cite sources in my English research paper?

Ans. To properly cite sources in an English research paper, use a citation style such as MLA, APA, or Chicago. Include in-text citations whenever you use a direct quote, paraphrase, or summarise information from a source. Also, include a works cited or references page at the end of your paper that lists all sources cited in your paper. Be sure to follow the specific guidelines of your chosen citation style.

Q8. How do I write a literature review for my English research paper?

Ans. To write a literature review for an English research paper:

Start by identifying relevant sources related to your research topic.
Read and evaluate each source, noting important themes, arguments, and research findings.
Organise your literature review into sections that correspond to these themes, and use them to construct an overview of the current state of research in your field.
Cite all sources properly.

Q9. How do I write a strong conclusion for my English research paper?

Ans. To write a strong conclusion for an English research paper:

Summarise the key findings and implications of your research.
Restate your thesis statement and review the main points of your paper.
Reflect on the significance of your research and suggest areas for future study.
Avoid introducing new information in your conclusion, and make sure your final statements leave a lasting impression on your reader.

Q10. How can I effectively revise and edit my English research paper?

Ans. To effectively revise and edit your English research paper,

Start by taking a break after completing a draft to gain a fresh perspective.
Read your paper out loud and look for areas that need clarification, organisation, or improvement.
Check for grammar and spelling errors and ensure your formatting and citation style are correct.
Consider seeking feedback from peers or a writing centre, and make necessary revisions before submitting your final draft.

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English Literature Research Paper Topics

This guide, centered on English literature research paper topics , serves as a comprehensive resource for students seeking to delve deep into the diverse epochs, authors, and themes that have shaped English literary tradition. Navigating the intricate tapestry of English literature offers scholars a multitude of avenues for exploration. From the mystique of medieval tales to the introspective narratives of modernism, this guide not only provides a plethora of English literature research paper topics but also offers insights on choosing the ideal topic, structuring the research paper, and harnessing the unmatched writing services of iResearchNet. Dive in to unravel the rich heritage of English literature and discover the myriad opportunities it presents for academic exploration.

100 English Literature Research Paper Topics

Diving into English literature is like embarking on a journey through time and culture. From ancient ballads to modernist narratives, it offers a vast panorama of themes, styles, and societal reflections. Below is a comprehensive list of English literature research paper topics spanning across different eras and genres:

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Medieval Literature

The significance of chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight .
The Christian and Pagan elements in Beowulf .
Courtly love in The Knight’s Tale from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales .
Dream visions in Pearl and Piers Plowman .
The role of fate and providence in The Consolation of Philosophy .
The art of storytelling in The Decameron vs. The Canterbury Tales .
The Seven Deadly Sins in Everyman .
The evolution of the English language: Old English vs. Middle English.
Religious allegory in The Second Shepherd’s Play .
Women and femininity in the Lais of Marie de France .

Renaissance and Elizabethan Age

Shakespeare’s portrayal of power in Macbeth .
Love and beauty in Sonnet 18 .
The idea of the “New World” in The Tempest .
The virtues in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene .
Magic and science in Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe.
The pastoral settings of As You Like It .
The politics of gender in Twelfth Night .
Revenge and madness in Hamlet .
John Donne’s metaphysical poetry and its innovation.
The darker side of the Renaissance: The Duchess of Malfi by John Webster.

The Restoration and the 18th Century

The satirical world of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels .
Class struggles in Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders .
Alexander Pope’s critique of society in The Rape of the Lock .
Aphra Behn and the emergence of the woman writer.
The wit and wisdom of Samuel Johnson’s essays.
The rise of the novel: Richardson vs. Fielding.
Sentimentality and society in Sterne’s Tristram Shandy .
Politics and plays: John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera .
Women, education, and literature: Mary Wollstonecraft’s ideas.
The mock-heroic in English literature.

Romantic Period

Nature and transcendence in Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey .
The Byronic hero in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage .
Shelley’s Ozymandias and the ephemeral nature of power.
The Gothic romance of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights .
George Gordon Lord Byron and the Romantic antihero.
The visionary world of William Blake’s poems.
The exotic and the familiar in Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Keats’s exploration of beauty and mortality.
The industrial revolution’s reflection in literature.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the dangers of ambition.

Victorian Era

Charles Dickens and his critique of Victorian society.
The challenges of morality in Thomas Hardy’s novels.
The bildungsroman in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre .
The plight of women in George Eliot’s Middlemarch .
Oscar Wilde’s wit and irony in The Importance of Being Earnest .
The debate on science and religion in In Memoriam A.H.H by Alfred Lord Tennyson.
The mystery and suspense of Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories.
The “Woman Question” in Victorian literature.
The realism of Anthony Trollope’s Chronicles of Barsetshire.
Gothic elements in Dracula by Bram Stoker.
The fragmented narrative of Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse .
T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and the disillusionment of the post-war era.
The struggles of the working class in D.H. Lawrence’s novels.
The impact of World War I on English poetry.
James Joyce’s revolutionary narrative techniques in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man .
E.M. Forster’s exploration of social and racial themes.
The critique of colonialism in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness .
W.B. Yeats and the Irish literary revival.
The emergence of the stream-of-consciousness technique.
The Jazz Age and decadence in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald.

The Gothic Tradition

Origins of Gothic fiction: Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto .
The supernatural and macabre in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.
Ann Radcliffe’s influence on the Gothic novel.
The role of the Byronic hero in The Vampyre by John Polidori.
Duality of human nature in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde .
The haunting atmospheres in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë.
Gender and sexuality in Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu.
Edgar Allan Poe’s influence on English Gothic literature.
Dracula by Bram Stoker: Themes of sexuality and fear of the unknown.
The Gothic novel as a reflection of societal fears and anxieties.

The Angry Young Men Era

Social criticism in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger .
Exploring masculinity in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning by Alan Sillitoe.
The disillusionment of post-war Britain in The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner .
The class struggle in Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim .
Existential themes in John Wain’s Hurry on Down .
Feminine perspectives in the era: Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey .
The critique of academia in The History Man by Malcolm Bradbury.
The Angry Young Men and their influence on modern theater.
The transformation of British literature in the 1950s and 1960s.
The lasting legacy of the Angry Young Men movement in contemporary literature.

Postmodern British Literature

Metafiction in Julian Barnes’s Flaubert’s Parrot .
The playfulness of language in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses .
Intertextuality in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit .
The fragmented narrative in Graham Swift’s Waterland .
Reality and fiction in Ian McEwan’s Atonement .
Gender and postcolonial themes in Angela Carter’s The Passion of New Eve .
The exploration of identity in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth .
The deconstruction of traditional narrative in Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell.
Postmodern gothic in The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield.
Magical realism in The Porcelain Doll by Julian Barnes.

Contemporary English Literature

The multicultural London in Brick Lane by Monica Ali.
Exploring family dynamics in On Beauty by Zadie Smith.
The concept of time in Ian McEwan’s Amsterdam .
The role of history in Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall .
The exploration of love and loss in Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending .
Postcolonial Britain in Andrea Levy’s Small Island .
The challenges of modern life in Nick Hornby’s High Fidelity .
The evolution of the English detective novel: Kate Atkinson’s Case Histories .
The legacy of the British Empire in The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai.
The digital age and its influence on literature: The Word Exchange by Alena Graedon.

English literature boasts a rich and varied tapestry of themes, periods, and genres. This comprehensive list is a testament to the dynamism and depth of the field, offering a myriad of research avenues for students. As they venture into each topic, they can appreciate the nuances and complexities that have shaped the literary tradition, making it an invaluable component of global culture and heritage.

English Literature and the Range of Topics It Offers

English literature, encompassing the vast historical, cultural, and artistic legacy of writings in the English language, boasts a rich tapestry of narratives, characters, and stylistic innovations. From the earliest Old English epic poems to the reflective and multifaceted postmodern novels, English literature offers an expansive array of topics for analysis, discussion, and research. The depth and breadth of this literary tradition are mirrored by the diverse range of English literature research paper topics it can inspire.

The Medieval Foundation

Diving into the early origins of English literature, we encounter works like Beowulf , an Old English epic poem of heroism, fate, and the struggle against malevolent forces. Medieval English literature, characterized by religious texts, chivalric romances, and philosophical treatises, sets the stage for the evolution of narrative styles and thematic explorations. The rich allegorical narratives, like Piers Plowman or Sir Gawain and the Green Knight , present intricate societal and spiritual commentaries that still resonate with readers today. These works invite inquiries into the socio-religious dynamics of medieval England, the evolution of the English language, and the literary techniques employed.

Renaissance and Enlightenment: A Burst of Creativity

The Renaissance and Elizabethan Age saw the emergence of revered playwrights like William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, whose dramas, whether tragedies, comedies, or histories, plumbed the depths of human emotion, politics, and existence. The genius of Shakespeare’s Hamlet or Othello , juxtaposed against Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus , provides a fertile ground for investigating themes of ambition, betrayal, love, and existential angst. Moreover, with poets like Edmund Spenser and his epic The Faerie Queene , English literature expanded its horizons, both thematically and stylistically.

The subsequent Restoration and the 18th century ushered in a period of social and literary change. With authors like Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, satire became a powerful tool to critique society and politics. Furthermore, the emergence of the novel, as exemplified by Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Samuel Richardson’s Pamela , offered researchers a chance to explore the evolving societal values, gender norms, and narrative techniques.

Romanticism, Victorian Era to Modernism: A Spectrum of Emotion and Thought

The Romantic period, marked by poets like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats, celebrated nature, emotion, and individualism. In contrast, the Victorian era, with novelists like Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, and the Brontë sisters, addressed societal change, morality, and industrialization. Both periods are a goldmine for English literature research paper topics around the individual vs. society, the role of nature, and the exploration of the self.

Modernism in English literature, with heavyweights like Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and T.S. Eliot, revolutionized narrative structure and thematic depth. Works from this era, such as To the Lighthouse or The Waste Land , demand analysis on fragmented narrative, stream of consciousness, and the introspective exploration of the human psyche.

Contemporary Reflections

Contemporary English literature, shaped by postcolonial, feminist, and postmodern influences, gives voice to a plethora of perspectives. Authors like Salman Rushdie, Zadie Smith, and Julian Barnes tackle issues of identity, multiculturalism, history, and reality versus fiction. Such works present a plethora of avenues for research, from analyzing the postcolonial identity in Rushdie’s narratives to the intricate tapestries of familial and societal dynamics in Smith’s novels.

Concluding Thoughts

In essence, English literature is an evolving entity, reflecting and shaping societal, cultural, and individual values and challenges over the centuries. For students and researchers, the wealth of English literature research paper topics it offers ranges from historical and linguistic analyses to deep dives into thematic cores and stylistic innovations. Whether one wishes to explore the chivalric codes of medieval romances, the biting satires of the 18th century, the emotional landscapes of Romanticism, or the fragmented realities of postmodern narratives, English literature provides an inexhaustible reservoir of research opportunities.

How to Choose an English Literature Topic

Choosing a research paper topic, especially within the expansive field of English literature, can be a challenging endeavor. The centuries-spanning literature offers a treasure trove of stories, themes, characters, and socio-political contexts that beckon exhaustive exploration. As such, students often find themselves at a crossroads, wondering where to begin and how to narrow down their choices to find that one compelling topic. Here’s a detailed guide to streamline this process:

Align with Your Interests: Dive into periods, genres, or authors that genuinely intrigue you. If Victorian novels captivate your imagination or if Shakespearean dramas resonate with you, use that as your starting point. Genuine interest ensures sustained motivation throughout your research journey.
Evaluate Academic Relevance: While personal interest is vital, ensure your chosen topic aligns with academic goals and curriculum requirements. Some English literature research paper topics, while intriguing, might not offer substantial academic value for a particular course or level of study.
Seek Familiar Ground (But Not Too Familiar): Leverage your previous readings and coursework. Familiarity offers a foundation, but challenge yourself to explore uncharted territories within that domain. If you enjoyed Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice , maybe delve into its feminist interpretations or comparative studies with other contemporaneous works.
Embrace Complexity: Opt for English literature research paper topics that lend themselves to multifaceted exploration. Simple topics might not provide enough depth for comprehensive research papers. Instead of a general overview of Romantic poetry, explore the portrayal of nature in Wordsworth’s works versus Shelley’s.
Historical and Cultural Context: Literature isn’t created in a vacuum. Understand the historical and societal backdrop of a literary work. This context can offer a fresh perspective and can be an excellent lens for your research.
Contemporary Relevance: How does a particular work or literary period converse with today’s world? Exploring the modern implications or relevance of classic works can be both enlightening and academically rewarding.
Diverse Interpretations: Embrace English literature research paper topics open to various interpretations. Works like George Orwell’s 1984 or Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot can be analyzed from political, psychological, existential, or linguistic viewpoints.
Consult with Peers and Professors: Engage in discussions with classmates and seek advice from professors. Their feedback can provide new perspectives or refine your existing topic ideas.
Read Critiques and Literary Journals: Academic journals, critiques, and literary analyses offer insights into popular research areas and can help you identify gaps or lesser-explored aspects of a work or period.
Flexibility is Key: As you delve deeper into your research, be open to tweaking or even changing your topic. New findings or challenges might necessitate slight shifts in your research focus.

Choosing the right research topic in English literature requires a blend of personal passion, academic relevance, and the potential for in-depth exploration. By aligning your interests with academic goals, and being open to exploration and adaptation, you pave the way for a fulfilling and academically enriching research experience. Remember, the journey of researching and understanding literature can be as enlightening as the end result. Embrace the process, and let the vast ocean of English literature inspire and challenge you.

How to Write an English Literature Research Paper

Penning an English literature research paper is a task that demands meticulous planning, a deep understanding of the subject, and the ability to weave thoughts coherently. English literature, with its vast and rich tapestry, offers endless avenues for exploration, making it both an exciting and daunting endeavor. Below are step-by-step guidelines to craft a compelling research paper in this domain:

Understanding the Assignment: Before diving into the research phase, ensure you fully understand the assignment’s requirements. Is there a specific format? Are certain sources mandatory? What’s the word count? This foundational clarity sets the stage for efficient research and writing.
Preliminary Research: Start with a broad exploration of your topic. Read general articles, introductory chapters, or review papers. This will give you a general overview and can help narrow down your focus.
Thesis Statement Formulation: Your thesis is the backbone of your research paper. It should be clear, precise, and arguable. For instance, instead of writing “Shakespeare’s plays are influential,” you might specify, “ Macbeth illustrates the dire consequences of unchecked ambition.”
Diving Deeper – Detailed Research: With your thesis in hand, dive deeper into primary (original texts) and secondary sources (critiques, essays). Libraries, academic databases, and literary journals are treasure troves of valuable information.
Organize Your Findings: Use digital tools, index cards, or notebooks to categorize and annotate your findings. Grouping similar ideas together will make the writing process smoother.
Drafting an Outline: An organized structure is essential for clarity. Create an outline with clear headings and subheadings, ensuring a logical flow of ideas. This will serve as a roadmap as you write.
Introduction Crafting: Your introduction should be engaging, offering a glimpse of your thesis and the significance of your study. Remember, first impressions count!
Literary Analysis: Delve into the text’s intricacies – symbols, themes, character development, stylistic devices, and historical context.
Critiques and Counter-arguments: Discuss various interpretations of the text, and don’t shy away from addressing dissenting views. This lends credibility and depth to your paper.
Comparative Analysis (if applicable): Compare the chosen work with others, drawing parallels or highlighting contrasts.
Maintaining Coherence and Transition: Each paragraph should have a clear main idea and transition smoothly to the next, maintaining the paper’s flow and ensuring the reader’s engagement.
Conclusion Crafting: Reiterate your thesis and summarize your main findings. Discuss the broader implications of your study, potentially suggesting areas for further exploration.
Citing Your Sources: Always attribute ideas and quotations to their original authors. Depending on the assigned format (MLA, APA, etc.), ensure that in-text citations and the bibliography are correctly formatted.
Revision and Proofreading: Once your draft is complete, take a break before revisiting it. Read it aloud to catch awkward phrasings. Check for grammatical errors, consistency in argumentation, and clarity in presenting ideas. Consider seeking peer reviews or utilizing editing tools.
Seek Feedback: Before final submission, consider sharing your paper with a mentor, professor, or knowledgeable peer. Their insights can be invaluable in refining your research paper.

Writing an English literature research paper is as much an art as it is a science. While meticulous research and structured writing are crucial, allowing your passion for literature to shine through will elevate your paper. Remember, literature is about exploring the human experience, and as you dissect these masterpieces, you’re not just analyzing texts but delving into profound insights about life, society, and humanity. Embrace the journey, and let every step, from research to writing, be a process of discovery.

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100 Good English Research Paper Topics & Ideas to Make Successful Submission

Working in the English language always creates a compelling experience in your learning. It will allow you to explore the language and its interesting features. Surprisingly, more than 1.35 billion people speak English globally. According to Statista 2021 findings, English is the most spoken language worldwide. Consider the facts in your mind while working on your English research papers. For that reason, pick the interesting English research paper topics and unbox your understanding smartly.

To make your learning more presentable, you should understand the significance of the English paper topics. If you pick a good topic for drafting your English research papers, you can easily advance your learning. It makes your academic writing more productive and credible. So, browse the suggestions for selecting the easy research paper topics for English projects.

Table of Contents

Educational English Research Paper Topics

To make your work more engaging, you should focus on topic selection. Go through the list of numerous topics for English research papers to expand your learning of the language.

Present a study on various credible sources of learning the English language.
Impact of grammatical mistakes on English writing skills.
Understanding of the English language for non-native speakers.
Difficulties faced by non-American students in English communication.
Role of poetry in learning English literature.
Reflects the interpretation of Shakespeare’s work.
Discuss mythology as literature.
How to correlate literature with psychology?
Discuss stream of consciousness writing style.
Is there any relation between literature and religion?
Glorification of romance in literature.
Feminist perspective in English literature.
Modern American English Literature.
Impact of language in society development.
Verbal English communication for teaching moral values.
Importance of imagination in poetry writing.
Fiction Vs Nonfiction: which one is keeping more interesting appeal.
Poetry work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth.
Romantic philosophy in Walt Whitman’s poetry.
Impact of counselling and guidance on scholars’ academic performance.
How to boost students’ interest in academic literature?
Creativity analysis on poetry composition.
Today’s communication language barrier.
Obstacles in modern English literature .
Explore easy poetic techniques for beginners.

Interesting English Research Paper Topics

Make your English research paper writing more interesting by picking an interesting topic. Unload your thoughts precisely and make your work more worthy to read. Consider good research paper topics for drafting good English projects.

Significance of distance education.
How to address learning disabilities in a college education?
Importance of sex education in college scholars.
Methods to discrimination in educational administration.
Effective college administration for successful placement.
Same-sex Vs mixed-sex education: which one is better?
Pensive analysis on No Child Left Behind Act.
Effectiveness of the federal education system as compared to other countries’ education systems.
Strong methodology to lower bullying in schools.
Online education Vs physical education: which one is more effective?
Analysis of the grading system on students’ learning.
Discuss Montessori Method of Education.
Examine Intensive English Programs (IEPs) in the US,
Discuss the role of postsecondary educational institutions in American literacy.
Legal consequences of plagiarism in academic writing.
Impact of tuition fees for home students.
Is student engagement with social media affecting their studies?
Methods to control sleeping disorders.
How to develop positivity in college students?
Role of leadership for handling real-life problems.
Psychology impacts of COVID on students.
Role of family relationship on students’ mental abilities.
Career prospects of literature students.
How to boost English communication skills for international students?

Research Paper Ideas For English Topics Related to Technology

Unimaginable changes are brought by technical advancement and it is hard to ignore. Capturing the advancement in your research topics for English papers allows you to expand your knowledge. So, think pensively on the following topic ideas.

Impact of over-used computers on students’ health.
Role of digital communication in learning the English language.
Stress management to advance learning abilities.
Technical barriers in oral and written communication in the English language.
Digital tools to advance English fluency.
Future of electric-vehicle.
Methods to improve speaking attributes.
Role of online classes in knowledge enhancement.
The credibility of digital certification.
How to search for credible resources for writing English papers?
Role of kinesics in communication.
Impact of technology exposure on students’ learning skills.
Importance of technical advancement in advancing academic progress.
Advantages as well as disadvantages of e-learning.
International Vs national learning: Pros and cons.
Scope of digital marketing for small businesses.
Use of modern technology to improve the quality of education.
Is social media increasing suicidal thoughts on students’ minds?
Role of mobile applications in advancing English verbal communication.
Is digital technology altering consumer attitudes?
Use of online assignment help in writing a good essay.
Impact of online tutoring in students’ knowledge enhancement.
Role of artificial intelligence in educational advancement.
Efficacy of digital tools to check plagiarism.
Future aspects of machine learning in the education sector.

English Research Paper Topics For Mini Projects

When you do not need to write lengthy papers, pick the easiest topic for your projects. So, modify your research for selecting appropriate topics for English research papers. It will help to prepare your mini projects and meet the deadlines.

Interpretation of American English Drama.
Role of English communication in business management.
Impact of the internet in students’ psychology.
Teaching methodology for the English language.
Significance of soft skills.
Differentiate between modern vs traditional classrooms.
Examine active listening techniques.
Impact of reading in English communication.
Effect of mother tongue on learning the English language.
How to control people management and leadership?
Socio-ideological values of television programs.
Role of functional English in daily routine.
Techniques to develop speaking attributes.
Ways to improve writing skills.
Tips to compose strong descriptive paragraphs.
How does pronunciation vary in different learning cultures?
How to develop interview skills?
Impact of audiobooks in enhancing learning abilities.
How to develop a positive mindset?
Ways to learn time management skills.
Influence of standardized tests for knowledge evaluation.
A key motivation for students’ knowledge enhancement.
Is it practicable to make college education free?
Positivity learning techniques.
How to prepare health management for students?

Also, Read: 100+ Compelling Linguistics Research Topics

Tips To Pick the Right Research Topics For English Papers

When it is about sharing your ideas on your research topics, you should be attentive. Your research writing reflects your critical thinking, writing abilities, and creative mindset. Therefore, you must concentrate on research paper ideas for the English projects. For that, go through the following tips to pick the English papers topics.

Understand your area of interest. If you pick the right topic according to interest, it will be easy for you to project your learning.
Do not jump straight to any research topic for English papers. Make sure to brainstorm the idea deeply so that you can unlayer your understanding properly.
Good research topics for English papers reflect your knowledge and time management skills. Choose the topic according to your project submission deadline.
Paying utmost attention to a particular idea while writing your papers can limit your creativity. So, absorb the other aspects of topics for writing compelling English research papers.
Before finalizing any English papers topic, make sure to look around. It means you need to write according to your audiences’ interests. Otherwise, you would fail to create a good impression.

Still In Doubts? Turn Your Attention To Expert’s Suggestion!

Are you feeling puzzled while selecting the English research paper topics? Holding your research paper for longer can hurt your performance. So, search for the solutions instead of creating tension in your mind. If you cannot focus on your English research paper writing, ask for experts’ help. Use our noteworthy paper help and share your concerns with our English writers. Their interpretation and proficiency in the English language will help you out. Under their guidance, you will find the right research.

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250+ Research Paper Topic Ideas For Every Learner

Since you are reading this page, you might be looking for good research topics for your school or college papers or just need a little bit of inspiration to start or continue. Regardless if you are looking for psychology research topics for college students or hope to find something that will simply stand out, remember that choosing a good topic is already half of a successful paper. If you choose something you know well and the subject meets your list of arguments, continue with an outline and come up with an excellent paper. Your topic must be competitive and unique, which is why it is so important to look through the list of possible research paper ideas.

How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper?

Before you give up on your challenges and think about a cheap research paper , take your time to learn what it means to choose a good topic. You should start with the following checklist that will help you to brainstorm the best research paper topics:

Explore Things That Interest You.
Check Your List of Relevant Sources.
Consult Your Grading Rubric.
Brainstorm Competitive Research Topic Ideas.
Talk to Your Course Instructor or a School Teacher.

Moreover, always take time to check similar research papers but remember about possible plagiarism risks and always provide due reference if you mention any idea that is not yours.

What is a Good Topic for a Research Paper?

As a rule, a good topic for a research paper must meet provided assignment requirements to the letter. If you are not sure about some aspect, always ask your college professor or talk to your teacher in advance.

Next, you must choose something that you know well and provide more than one opinion unless you are asked to provide your opinion only . It is also recommended to avoid topics that are too broad because you may easily make your research too vague.

Most importantly, your chosen topic should also reflect your main thesis statement or an argument that you make.

The List of Research Topics by Field of Study

As you are thinking about various research paper topics ideas, it is high time to consider taking a closer look at our helpful list that has all the necessities provided by categories. Regardless if you need something useful for your middle school paper or you keep looking for something controversial and demanding, our 250+ research topics list includes it all.

Science research paper topics

Should nanotechnologies be made available to the general public?
Should genetic experiments be banned completely?
What are the challenges of conversion to green energy?
How can additional research in the field of Chemistry improve food quality?
The connection of chemicals in the seawater and the weather changes.
The implementation of bioluminescence aspects in medical applications.
The boron nitride research and crystallization.
The future of non-petroleum manufacturing.
The ethical side of pharmaceutical competition and pollution.
The ways how biocomputing technology assists in scientific research.

English research paper topics

The consequences of negativity in modern literature.
Professional jargon on social media.
How does language help to shape one's cultural identity?
The link of language aspects to literacy.
The use of language in political competition.
The challenges of modern English literature.
How can specific words impact our perception of things?
Neuro-linguistic programming in the English language.
The linguistic peculiarities between middle and low-class communities.
The use of automatic grammar checkers in education.

Literature research paper topics

The portrayal of gender roles in the literature of the 18th century.
How has the mystery genre changed with the arrival of digital technologies?
The digital books vs books in print.
How has modern literature changed in the last two decades?
The challenges of modern book authors.
The perception of religion in modern literature.
The analysis of "The Things They Carried" by Tim O'Brien.
How do allusions and metaphors help in literature?
Do history books help college students to learn the subject?
How can reading books improve a person's mental state?

History topics

The Declaration of Independence 1776 analysis.
The challenges of slavery in the United States.
What has caused the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863?
The Civil War’s causes and effects.
The cultural impact of Native Americans.
The echoes of the Vietnam War.
The Black Lives Matter Social Movement
How has industrialization changed American society?
Interwar Period in popular media.
The portrayal of the Great Depression.

Healthcare research topics

How should stem cell research be approached?
Will portable medical devices create a revolution in the ER department?
Is the building of artificial organs ethical?
The causes of colon cancer.
The link between antibiotics overuse and the increase in epidemics.
What causes the long-forgotten diseases to return once again in 2021?
How do annual doctor visits prevent diseases and help people to stay healthy?
Is autism an illness and how can it be helped?
The ways to help people with epilepsy.
The origins of the West Nile virus.

Law and criminology research paper topics

The problem of sexual harassment in the workplace.
What causes hate crimes towards a race?
The list of war crimes committed by the United States.
An analysis of police brutality.
What causes human rights activists to become biased?
How can juvenile crimes be decreased?
Should the drug courts be modified?
What are criminal justice ethics?
The pros and cons of capital punishment?
Crime prevention with the help of social media.

Anthropology research paper topics

The agricultural practices and religious beliefs.
The role of omen in Ancient Roman culture.
Analysis of the burial customs in Europe.
The body image modification challenges in 2021.
The role of cinematography in history studies.
What causes the biocultural evolution of humans?
The digital communication aspects.
Immersion between Western and Eastern cultures.
Biological deformation during the Vietnam War.
The challenges of biological determinism.

Math research topics

The types of Math used in our daily life.
The use of numerical data in healthcare.
Analysis of the binomial theorem.
The use of a philosophical approach in Maths.
The use of geometry for the creation of a matrix.
How can imaginary numbers help in prognosis?
How can discrete geometry be approached?
What are the main challenges of students failing to cope with Math problems?
The use of n-dimensional spaces in 3D design.
The use of Maths and Horn's paradox.

Social science topics for research papers

The role of social movements in 2021.
How can the youth culture shape be helpful to prevent crimes?
The problems of class conflict and inequality in the United States.
How can gender studies help people to approach their sexuality?
The challenges of food sociology.
How can community work help students learn better?
How can social media contacts improve one's social skills?
How has mass media changed in the last two decades?
The reasons behind the major gender stereotypes.
The race and the cultural perceptions.

Ethics paper topics

The pros and cons of plastic surgery.
Should abortion be banned in the United States?
How safe is animal testing?
Why should capital punishment be banned?
The reasons behind human trafficking.
Are human beings good or evil by nature?
Should the pharmaceutical industry be fully governmental?
Is ethnic adoption racial?
The pros and cons of childhood stardom.
Should euthanasia be allowed?

Education research paper topics

The pros and cons of Montessori schools.
Should children adopt technology from early childhood?
The challenges of computer literacy in 2021.
How have the learning styles changed during Covid-19?
Should the government fund education and make it free?
The charter school’s pros and cons.
The use of technology in education.
What are the main issues of school safety in 2021?
How good is online education?
Should school exams and tests become universal?

Research Paper Topics Based On Different Education Levels

We all know what it felt like to be a middle school student who needed just a bit of help and inspiration to start writing. Keeping this fact in mind, we came up with a helpful list of research paper topic examples based on various educational levels.

Middle School Paper Topics

My role model.
What does friendship mean to you?
How can social media increase our safety?
The social movements in my community.
How can school students fight procrastination?
The ways to combat bullying in school.
Why living with a pet makes people better.
The subject I would like to add to my school curriculum.
My favorite personality in American history.
Should children be allowed to vote and why?

5th-grade research paper topics

Why do people have to sleep?
Who has founded hip-hop music?
How do smartphones connect?
How do our pets recognize us?
How did the ancient sailors navigate through their journeys?

6th-grade research paper topics

Does the curse of the pharaohs really exist?
How do dolphins communicate?
How does our brain retrieve memories?
How can we help grandparents become better with computers?
The importance of Martin Luther King Jr. for me .

7th-grade research paper topics

How can children address global warming and climate changes?
The great inventors in history (Thomas Edison, for example, or N. Tesla).
How can video games help us do better at school?
What causes tornadoes and how can we stay safe?
The cultural peculiarities of X country.

8th-grade research paper topics

What is the code of samurai warriors?
How has The Black Lives Matter movement changed lives in my local community.
The use of the Internet among teenagers and the apparent dangers.
How can we make school safety better?
How has popular music changed during the last three years?

High School research topics

What was the significance of the Magna Carta for England?
The ways high school students can get ready for college.
How tobacco use affects our lungs.
How can sports or music make us better at socializing?
The history and significance of the Olympic games.
The ecological issues in my local community.
What is necessary to create a successful video blog post?
The best ways to study more efficiently when in high school.
The tips and tricks to using Google in 2021.
How can social media help students become more inventive?

9th-grade research paper topics

How will genetic engineering change our future?
The main beliefs in the Roman Empire.
How can social movements control the perception of the world's issues?
The causes of the Great Depression.
My favorite personality in 19th-century literature.
The First Moon Landing in the popular media.
How has rap music brought up the majority of social problems?
How can science help to prevent and identify crimes?
Startup projects and the school students.
The ways we can participate in international volunteering.

12th-grade research paper topics

Would the elimination of the grading system in schools improve the learning outcomes?
What are the main goals of feminists?
The diversity in school.
Should students who graduate create special clubs or unions?
The censorship and the Internet.

Senior research paper topics

Should recreational marijuana be banned?
How have our lives changed since September 11th?
Will AI tools appear helpful in education (prognosis paper)?
The link of social media use to anxiety and depression.
Do smartphones increase or decrease our productivity?

College research paper topics

How can a college student cope with college debt?
The weight gain problem among first-year college students.
How can approaching mental help services keep anxious students safe?
The use of additional online courses and academic success.
The most efficient methods to improve one's memory.
The effect of college challenges on future choices.
The cons and pros of remote education.
How can college bullying be reduced?
The importance of sports and music while in college.
The Waldorf education and modern college life.

Good Research Paper Topics

Without a doubt, we all need good research paper topics as we do not want to spend too much time and would rather wish to have something funny. Here are some ideas to keep your creativity high:

Funny Research Paper Topics

What was the life of a Sparta warrior?
Should plastic surgery businesses be banned?
The pros and cons of playing video games at work.
Can telling a lie be beneficial?
Are we really what we eat?
Can our childhood shape our destiny?
How does the sixth sense work?
How can you keep your brain always engaged?
The most efficient ways to remember things.
Do we form our taste in music by instinct or it is acquired?

Easy research paper topics

Do men really have to protect women?
The role of AI for social media.
The false image of forensic science created by popular TV shows.
Why do people watch horror movies?
How can students make their opinion heard?
Why did the Black Lives Matter movement become so popular?
The pros and cons of the small living space.
The link between profit and social responsibility.
The reasons why people become biased.
The pros and cons of being a celebrity.

Interesting research paper topics

Is Atheism considered a religion?
Is coffee harmful to our health?
The mental aspect of being a Vegetarian.
How can everyone become happy?
The pros and cons of technology use in a child's life in 2021.
What causes people to choose certain behavior types when stressed?
The impact of video games on the human brain.
How can music become a mental remedy for people facing PTSD?
The global warming challenge vs myths.
How should people address the Covid-19 problem?

Controversial research paper topics

The negative aspect of the Black Lives Matter movement.
Should social media bloggers become involved in politics?
Should vaccination be obligatory?
How does censorship affect our freedom of speech?
Climate change is the largest myth.
The pros and cons of gender equality.
The portrayal of heroes in action movies.
Can scientists be objective?
Is democracy the best approach?
The gun control laws in 2021.

Persuasive Research Paper Topics

There should be more than 12 jurors present in courts.
The felons should be allowed to vote.
Religious institutions should pay taxes.
AI technology should be under strict control.
Climate change is a reversible process.
Cheerleading should be considered a sport.
College athletes should receive more financial support.
Palm oil production causes deforestation.
Genetically modified foods are dangerous.
The animals should be considered as individuals.

Environmental topics for research papers

The problem of the wildfires and the temperature rise.
How can noise pollution be addressed?
The use of remote sensing to prevent damage.
How can urban ecology be improved?
The pros and cons of renewable energy.
The negative effect of sunlight on human skin.
How can the rivers be kept clean?
The practices of Native Americans in relation to nature protection?
Environmental protection as a science.
The challenges of Bioremediation in 2021.

Global issue topics for research papers

The impact of Covid-19 on planet Earth.
The pros and cons of remote education.
The negative influence of social media.
The risks related to bitcoin mining practices.
How can people challenge illegal gambling?
The police violence and the safety issues.
Should people still read the books in print?
The role of grandparents in the lives of modern children?
How should college students approach plagiarism?
The ways to challenge air pollution.

Analytical research paper topics

Why do people have various phobias?
How can one get rid of alcohol addiction?
What is the moral side of telling a lie?
What causes our body to ask for more sugar?
How do our memories often become false?
Is love only a mixture of chemical reactions?
What is the essence of being a true American?
How do European people perceive Americans?
Ways to improve communication between parents and children.
Why do we have nightmares?

Religion paper topics

How do people understand the will of God?
Are all religions biased?
Can religions become united?
What are the ways to settle down various religious conflicts?
Do religious people take a special niche in society?
Should religious education be compulsory?
Should alternative religious practices be banned?
The religion on social media.
The innocence of children in various religions.
The pros and cons of religious literature.
How can playing a musical instrument improve a person's mental state?
How have music listening practices changed during the last two decades?
The history of rock music.
Is metal music always aggressive?
The acoustic peculiarities of the banjo.
Should music producers have due education?
The role of rap music in modern social movements.
How can AI compose music?
The role of Physics in the creation of innovative synthesis methods.
The music among the world's tribal people.

Entertainment and Sport

Should sports bets be made illegal?
The moral side of martial arts.
Should women compete against men in most sports?
Should college athletes have adjusted study curriculums?
How can children become engaged in sports?
The political bias in sports.
Should the Olympic Games be a shared event?
How can sports help to fight addiction?
Video games are not a sport.
The philosophy of chess.

Technology topics

Technology makes us lazy.
How the use of smartphones helps to save lives.
The use of AI-powered technologies in education.
Can a modern person survive without technology in 2022.
The generational gap and technology.
The negative impact of social media on physical communications.
The history of the Internet.
The ways to prevent online risks in 2022.
How can technology prevent human trafficking?
How can we provide equal technology all over the world?

Creative research paper topics

The use of children's programming on TV channels.
The media bias problem.
How has Instagram changed our body image perceptions?
What does being successful mean in 2022?
How can we improve our social skills?
The ways how joining a band can make you creative.
How can watching history films improve our modern skills?
The role of college students in the scientific research world.
The reasons behind the Israel-Palestine conflict.
How can people with special needs receive better education?

As a rule, your research topic must pose a strong argument or explore a certain idea. If some topic is too broad for your needs, think about ways how it could be narrowed down to meet your thesis. The trick is to make it unique and let it stand out from the rest!

Learn to Inspire

As you are making your topic choice from the list above, it doesn't matter if you are looking for some medical research topics or want to explore something else because the most important in either case is to find something that inspires you. By doing so, you can impress your school teacher or a college professor by showing genuine passion and knowledge regarding the subject. Feel free to learn with the help of our research topic ideas and remember that the more you brainstorm various ideas, the better!

Order your paper now!

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Research Papers on English

English has been considered as the most important global language. All around the world, millions of people are using the English language daily. Preparing English research papers is relatively easy for students who have English as their national language. On the contrary, many have found it a difficult task. Researchomatic is offering a wide range of English research papers that will help you in completing your research papers.

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20 easy research paper topics for english.

Most students have to produce papers on the English language or literature at some point, but few are passionate enough about these subjects to pick a deep and complicated one to explore. If you are looking for a topic that is easy to write and rich in material, here are twenty ideas:

Origins of the English language. The assimilation of Anglo-Saxon dialects into those of early British tribes. The Roman influence; similarities and differences with continental Germanic languages.
Old English. The effects of Viking raids on its development.
Middle English. The impact of the Norman Conquest.
Early Modern English. The influence of the Industrial Revolution. The history of London’s dialect being accepted as the standard.
Cross-cultural influences of the English language. The origins and development of a particular English dialect: American, Afro-American, Creole, Aboriginal, Indian, or Asian.
Gender controversy in modern English. The correct use of nouns and pronouns in situations where gender is unclear. Gender-sensitive words. The relationship between the increasing role of women in the public sphere and gender changes in the English language.
Challenges of learning English as a second language (ESL). This topic may especially appeal to you if English is actually your second language.
Shakespeare’s contribution to English literature. This is one of the most obvious choices, but you can still produce an interesting paper about Shakespeare’s work or a character that you are really passionate about.
Victorian literature.
The imagist movement in English literature.
American literature. The differences between literature of the North and the South.
Afro-American literature.
Contributions made to English literature by Indian writers.
Female writers in English literature.
Scottish writers in English literature.
Irish writers in English literature.
An author’s life story. Investigate the impact of the author’s biography on the style, topics, and characters of his or her books – for example, what made Upton Sinclair write “The Jungle.” Such papers are always interesting to read, and they do not take much effort to write.
Presentation of women in literature. Compare and contrast female characters in old and new books, or conduct a case study on a famous female character.
The sociological and political impact of a particular book.
A banned book. Explore the story of a famous book that has been banned from school libraries, e. g. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or Harry Potter. Identify and evaluate the reasons for its removal. Such a controversial topic will arouse the interests of readers.

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Research paper

How to Write a Research Paper | A Beginner's Guide

A research paper is a piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.

Research papers are similar to academic essays , but they are usually longer and more detailed assignments, designed to assess not only your writing skills but also your skills in scholarly research. Writing a research paper requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of your topic, engage with a variety of sources, and make an original contribution to the debate.

This step-by-step guide takes you through the entire writing process, from understanding your assignment to proofreading your final draft.

Understand the assignment, choose a research paper topic, conduct preliminary research, develop a thesis statement, create a research paper outline, write a first draft of the research paper, write the introduction, write a compelling body of text, write the conclusion, the second draft, the revision process, research paper checklist, free lecture slides.

Completing a research paper successfully means accomplishing the specific tasks set out for you. Before you start, make sure you thoroughly understanding the assignment task sheet:

Read it carefully, looking for anything confusing you might need to clarify with your professor.
Identify the assignment goal, deadline, length specifications, formatting, and submission method.
Make a bulleted list of the key points, then go back and cross completed items off as you’re writing.

Carefully consider your timeframe and word limit: be realistic, and plan enough time to research, write, and edit.

What can proofreading do for your paper?

Scribbr editors not only correct grammar and spelling mistakes, but also strengthen your writing by making sure your paper is free of vague language, redundant words, and awkward phrasing.

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There are many ways to generate an idea for a research paper, from brainstorming with pen and paper to talking it through with a fellow student or professor.

You can try free writing, which involves taking a broad topic and writing continuously for two or three minutes to identify absolutely anything relevant that could be interesting.

You can also gain inspiration from other research. The discussion or recommendations sections of research papers often include ideas for other specific topics that require further examination.

Once you have a broad subject area, narrow it down to choose a topic that interests you, m eets the criteria of your assignment, and i s possible to research. Aim for ideas that are both original and specific:

A paper following the chronology of World War II would not be original or specific enough.
A paper on the experience of Danish citizens living close to the German border during World War II would be specific and could be original enough.

Note any discussions that seem important to the topic, and try to find an issue that you can focus your paper around. Use a variety of sources , including journals, books, and reliable websites, to ensure you do not miss anything glaring.

Do not only verify the ideas you have in mind, but look for sources that contradict your point of view.

Is there anything people seem to overlook in the sources you research?
Are there any heated debates you can address?
Do you have a unique take on your topic?
Have there been some recent developments that build on the extant research?

In this stage, you might find it helpful to formulate some research questions to help guide you. To write research questions, try to finish the following sentence: “I want to know how/what/why…”

A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument — it establishes the purpose and position of your paper. If you started with a research question, the thesis statement should answer it. It should also show what evidence and reasoning you’ll use to support that answer.

The thesis statement should be concise, contentious, and coherent. That means it should briefly summarize your argument in a sentence or two, make a claim that requires further evidence or analysis, and make a coherent point that relates to every part of the paper.

You will probably revise and refine the thesis statement as you do more research, but it can serve as a guide throughout the writing process. Every paragraph should aim to support and develop this central claim.

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A research paper outline is essentially a list of the key topics, arguments, and evidence you want to include, divided into sections with headings so that you know roughly what the paper will look like before you start writing.

A structure outline can help make the writing process much more efficient, so it’s worth dedicating some time to create one.

Your first draft won’t be perfect — you can polish later on. Your priorities at this stage are as follows:

Maintaining forward momentum — write now, perfect later.
Paying attention to clear organization and logical ordering of paragraphs and sentences, which will help when you come to the second draft.
Expressing your ideas as clearly as possible, so you know what you were trying to say when you come back to the text.

You do not need to start by writing the introduction. Begin where it feels most natural for you — some prefer to finish the most difficult sections first, while others choose to start with the easiest part. If you created an outline, use it as a map while you work.

Do not delete large sections of text. If you begin to dislike something you have written or find it doesn’t quite fit, move it to a different document, but don’t lose it completely — you never know if it might come in useful later.

Paragraph structure

Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of research papers. Each one should focus on a single claim or idea that helps to establish the overall argument or purpose of the paper.

Example paragraph

George Orwell’s 1946 essay “Politics and the English Language” has had an enduring impact on thought about the relationship between politics and language. This impact is particularly obvious in light of the various critical review articles that have recently referenced the essay. For example, consider Mark Falcoff’s 2009 article in The National Review Online, “The Perversion of Language; or, Orwell Revisited,” in which he analyzes several common words (“activist,” “civil-rights leader,” “diversity,” and more). Falcoff’s close analysis of the ambiguity built into political language intentionally mirrors Orwell’s own point-by-point analysis of the political language of his day. Even 63 years after its publication, Orwell’s essay is emulated by contemporary thinkers.

Citing sources

It’s also important to keep track of citations at this stage to avoid accidental plagiarism . Each time you use a source, make sure to take note of where the information came from.

You can use our free citation generators to automatically create citations and save your reference list as you go.

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The research paper introduction should address three questions: What, why, and how? After finishing the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about, why it is worth reading, and how you’ll build your arguments.

What? Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background, and define key terms or concepts.

Why? This is the most important, but also the most difficult, part of the introduction. Try to provide brief answers to the following questions: What new material or insight are you offering? What important issues does your essay help define or answer?

How? To let the reader know what to expect from the rest of the paper, the introduction should include a “map” of what will be discussed, briefly presenting the key elements of the paper in chronological order.

The major struggle faced by most writers is how to organize the information presented in the paper, which is one reason an outline is so useful. However, remember that the outline is only a guide and, when writing, you can be flexible with the order in which the information and arguments are presented.

One way to stay on track is to use your thesis statement and topic sentences . Check:

topic sentences against the thesis statement;
topic sentences against each other, for similarities and logical ordering;
and each sentence against the topic sentence of that paragraph.

Be aware of paragraphs that seem to cover the same things. If two paragraphs discuss something similar, they must approach that topic in different ways. Aim to create smooth transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and sections.

The research paper conclusion is designed to help your reader out of the paper’s argument, giving them a sense of finality.

Trace the course of the paper, emphasizing how it all comes together to prove your thesis statement. Give the paper a sense of finality by making sure the reader understands how you’ve settled the issues raised in the introduction.

You might also discuss the more general consequences of the argument, outline what the paper offers to future students of the topic, and suggest any questions the paper’s argument raises but cannot or does not try to answer.

You should not :

Offer new arguments or essential information
Take up any more space than necessary
Begin with stock phrases that signal you are ending the paper (e.g. “In conclusion”)

There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft.

Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment.
Identify any assumptions that might require (more substantial) justification, keeping your reader’s perspective foremost in mind. Remove these points if you cannot substantiate them further.
Be open to rearranging your ideas. Check whether any sections feel out of place and whether your ideas could be better organized.
If you find that old ideas do not fit as well as you anticipated, you should cut them out or condense them. You might also find that new and well-suited ideas occurred to you during the writing of the first draft — now is the time to make them part of the paper.

The goal during the revision and proofreading process is to ensure you have completed all the necessary tasks and that the paper is as well-articulated as possible.

Global concerns

Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your assignment sheet.
Check for logical organization and flow of paragraphs.
Check paragraphs against the introduction and thesis statement.

Fine-grained details

Check the content of each paragraph, making sure that:

each sentence helps support the topic sentence.
no unnecessary or irrelevant information is present.
all technical terms your audience might not know are identified.

Next, think about sentence structure , grammatical errors, and formatting . Check that you have correctly used transition words and phrases to show the connections between your ideas. Look for typos, cut unnecessary words, and check for consistency in aspects such as heading formatting and spellings .

Finally, you need to make sure your paper is correctly formatted according to the rules of the citation style you are using. For example, you might need to include an MLA heading or create an APA title page .

Scribbr’s professional editors can help with the revision process with our award-winning proofreading services.

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Checklist: Research paper

I have followed all instructions in the assignment sheet.

My introduction presents my topic in an engaging way and provides necessary background information.

My introduction presents a clear, focused research problem and/or thesis statement .

My paper is logically organized using paragraphs and (if relevant) section headings .

Each paragraph is clearly focused on one central idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence .

Each paragraph is relevant to my research problem or thesis statement.

I have used appropriate transitions to clarify the connections between sections, paragraphs, and sentences.

My conclusion provides a concise answer to the research question or emphasizes how the thesis has been supported.

My conclusion shows how my research has contributed to knowledge or understanding of my topic.

My conclusion does not present any new points or information essential to my argument.

I have provided an in-text citation every time I refer to ideas or information from a source.

I have included a reference list at the end of my paper, consistently formatted according to a specific citation style .

I have thoroughly revised my paper and addressed any feedback from my professor or supervisor.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (page numbers, headers, spacing, etc.).

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101 research paper topics.

Why do we sleep ?
How do GPS systems work?
Who was the first person to reach the North Pole ?
Did anybody ever escape Alcatraz ?
What was life like for a gladiator ?
What are the effects of prolonged steroid use on the human body?
What happened during the Salem witch trials ?
Are there any effective means of repelling insects ?
How did trains and railroads change life in America?
What may have occurred during the Roswell UFO incident of 1947?
How is bulletproof clothing made?
What Olympic events were practiced in ancient Greece?
What are the major theories explaining the disappearance of the dinosaurs ?
How was the skateboard invented and how has it changed over the years?
How did the long bow contribute to English military dominance?
What caused the stock market crash of 2008?
How did Cleopatra come to power in Egypt what did she do during her reign?
How has airport security intensified since September 11 th , 2001?
What is life like inside of a beehive ?
Where did hip hop originate and who were its founders?
What makes the platypus a unique and interesting mammal?
How does tobacco use affect the human body?
How do computer viruses spread and in what ways do they affect computers?
What is daily life like for a Buddhist monk ?
What are the origins of the conflict in Darfur ?
How did gunpowder change warfare?
In what ways do Wal-Mart stores affect local economies?
How were cats and dogs domesticated and for what purposes?
What do historians know about ninjas ?
How has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading?
What were the circumstances surrounding the death of Osama Bin Laden ?
What was the women’s suffrage movement and how did it change America?
What efforts are being taken to protect endangered wildlife ?
How much does the war on drugs cost Americans each year?
How is text messaging affecting teen literacy?
Are humans still evolving ?
What technologies are available to home owners to help them conserve energy ?
How have oil spills affected the planet and what steps are being taken to prevent them?
What was the Magna Carta and how did it change England?
What is the curse of the pharaohs?
Why was Socrates executed?
What nonlethal weapons are used by police to subdue rioters?
How does the prison population in America compare to other nations?
How did ancient sailors navigate the globe?
Can gamblers ever acquire a statistical advantage over the house in casino games?
What is alchemy and how has it been attempted?
How are black holes formed?
How was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln plotted and executed?
Do the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks?
How do submarines work?
Do lie detector tests accurately determine truthful statements?
How did Cold War tension affect the US and the world?
What happened to the lost settlers at Roanoke ?
How does a hybrid car save energy?
What ingredients can be found inside of a hotdog ?
How did Julius Caesar affect Rome?
What are some common sleep disorders and how are they treated?
How did the Freedom Riders change society?
How is internet censorship used in China and around the world?
What was the code of the Bushido and how did it affect samurai warriors ?
What are the risks of artificial tanning or prolonged exposure to the sun?
What programs are available to help war veterans get back into society?
What steps are involved in creating a movie or television show?
How have the film and music industries dealt with piracy ?
How did Joan of Arc change history?
What responsibilities do secret service agents have?
How does a shark hunt?
What dangers and hardships did Lewis and Clark face when exploring the Midwest?
Has the Patriot Act prevented or stopped terrorist acts in America?
Do states that allow citizens to carry guns have higher or lower crime rates?
How are the Great Depression and the Great Recession similar and different?
What are the dangers of scuba diving and underwater exploration?
How does the human brain store and retrieve memories ?
What was the Manhattan Project and what impact did it have on the world?
How does stealth technology shield aircraft from radar?
What causes tornadoes ?
Why did Martin Luther protest against the Catholic Church?
How does a search engine work?
What are the current capabilities and future goals of genetic engineers ?
How did the Roman Empire fall?
What obstacles faced scientists in breaking the sound barrier ?
How did the black plague affect Europe?
What happened to Amelia Earhart ?
What are the dangers and hazards of using nuclear power ?
How did Genghis Khan conquer Persia?
What architectural marvels were found in Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire ?
From where does spam email come and can we stop it?
How does night vision work?
How did journalists influence US war efforts in Vietnam ?
What are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana ?
What causes desert mirages and how do they affect wanderers?
What was the cultural significance of the first moon landing ?
What are sinkholes and how are they formed?
Have any psychics ever solved crimes or prevented them from occurring?
Who is Vlad the Impaler and what is his connection to Count Dracula ?
What are the risks of climate change and global warming ?
What treatments are available to people infected with HIV and are they effective?
Who was a greater inventor, Leonardo di Vinci or Thomas Edison ?
How are the Chinese and American economies similar and different?
Why was communism unsuccessful in so many countries?
In what ways do video games affect children and teenagers?

This is an image of a young woman in a library. She is sitting at a desk with a pile of books and looking toward the ceiling. She appears to be in deep thought.

922 Comments

Mackenah nicole molina.

Wow! I always have trouble deiciding what to do a research project on but this list has totally solved that. Now my only problem is choosing what idea on this list I should do first!

Most of these my teacher rejected because apparently ‘these aren’t grade level topics, and I doubt they interest you”

I’m sorry to hear that. Sounds like you will have a potentially valuable character-building experience in the short-term.

Edwin Augusto Galindo Cuba

THIS SITE IS AWESOME, THERE ARE LOTS OF TOPICS TO LEARN AND MASTER OUR SKILLS!

research kid

I need one about animals, please. I have been challenged to a animal research project, Due Friday. I have no clue what to research! somebody help, thanks for reading!

You can do one on bats

For international studies you can do Defense and Security.

This was very helpful.

Research on Ben Franklin? I think THAT will get a real charge out of everyone (hehehehegetit)

Mandy Maher

“Is it possible to colonize Mars?”

maddy burney

these are silly topics

thx for making this real.

Mary Nnamani

Please I need project topics on Language Literature

Marcella Vallarino

I would appreciate a list of survey questions for middle school grades 6-8

I need a research topics about public sector management

I NEED FIVE EXAMPLES EACH ON QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (EDUCATION, HEALTH, TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY AND ENGINEERING)

publish research that are interesting please……

hey can you do one on the burmiueda triangle

Anybody know video games effect kids,and,teens. There Fun!!

they’re

I need a topic about woman history if any of u can find 1 please that would be great!

You could research about the history of the astronauts, and of human past (WWI, WWII, etc.)

so about women? Manitoba Women Win the Right to Vote in Municipal Elections, The First Women, January 23, 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to graduate from medical school and become a doctor in the United States, Rosa Parks Civil Rights Equal Pay. I have way more. so if you need more just ask.

communism is good

what are you a communist?!?!

Did FDR know about the upcoming attack on Pearl Harbor on 07 DEC 1941.

do you know how babies are born

Christine Singu

kindly assist with a research topic in the field of accounting or auditing

need more about US army

Please can yiu give me a topic in education

I think one should be how can music/Video games can affect the life for people

or How Do Video Games Affect Teenagers?

zimbabwe leader

I think a good topic is supporting the confederate flag!

Need a research topic within the context of students union government and dues payments

do more weird ones plz

joyce alcantara

Hi pls po can you give me a topic relate for humanities pls thank u.

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Review article, studies of teaching and learning english-speaking skills: a review and bibliometric analysis.

School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

This study conducted a comprehensive historical review and bibliometric analysis of the literature on English-speaking (ES) education and mapped the current state of the field, trends, and emerging topics, as well as identified gaps where further research is needed. We retrieved 361 sample documents on ES teaching and learning in Scopus (2010–2021) under certain conditions and analyzed the extracted data using Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.17 from the perspectives of the number of yearly publications, countries, authors, citation numbers, and keywords. The findings show that the number of publications on ES education increased from 2010 to 2021, but there was a lack of sustained engagement with this topic by researchers. Countries with an ESL or EFL context focused more on the subject of ES, although studies from native ES countries were more influential. The research topics showed a multidimensional trend, covering communicative skills, language knowledge, assessment, teaching or learning methods, ICT-related applications, and cognitive factors, of which ICT-related applications (such as flipped classrooms, blended learning, and e-learning) and cognitive factors (such as motivation, anxiety, and affect) were the areas of focus. Students in higher institutions, rather than children, became the main research subject of ES education over the period studied.

Introduction

A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in English language education (ELE) around the world, especially in countries where English is a Foreign (EFL) or Second Language (ESL). For example, ELE in East Asian countries such as China, South Korea, and Japan has been identified as a necessary skill, which has motivated the development of various approaches and policies ( Song, 2011 ; Hu and McKay, 2012 ). There have been at least three phases of English curriculum reforms by the Malaysian Ministry of Education directed toward improving students’ English proficiency and teachers’ professional development (TPD) ( Rashid et al., 2017 ; Kummin et al., 2020 ).

Despite unremitting efforts in many countries, ELE is still facing the problem of low average English skills. For example, students’ English skills in Turkey are not as good as expected ( Coskun, 2016 ; Özmen et al., 2016 ; Umunĉ and Raw, 2017 ). The survey by Wei and Su (2015) clearly showed that the subjects’ ES proficiency was generally low.

Many terms have been used to refer to the speaking aspects of the English language, e.g., “oral English,” “spoken English,” or “English speaking.” “English speaking” is the term used in this article. Speaking is different from writing, although both are productive skills, in that it is “transient, unplanned, context-dependent, oral/aural, and dynamic” ( Hughes, 2017 ). English-speaking (ES) has been treated as an indivisible language skill for learners in the language education fields of TESOL, EFL, and ESL.

How to improve ES ability, including teaching and learning approaches, influencing factors, and other related issues, have always been a focus of researchers. Thus, in view of the profound changes in society, politics, economics, and technologies, this article aims to give an overview of the current situation and trends regarding ES studies based on Scopus from 2010 to 2021. Moreover, it seeks to provide useful information for further ES teaching and learning research through visualized data analysis using VOSviewer 1.6.17 and Micro Excel.

Thus, the research questions (RQs) of this article are as follows:

RQ1. What is the bibliometric information regarding publications about ES teaching and learning in Scopus (2010–2021), including the number of yearly publications, authors, citations, country contributions, and keywords?

RQ2. What is the status of ES teaching and learning?

RQ3. What are the most influential authors in the field of ES teaching and learning?

RQ4. What are the trends in ES teaching and learning?

RQ5. What are the gaps in ES teaching and learning from the bibliometric information?

Materials and Methods

Bibliometric analysis refers to the cross-science of quantitative analysis of all carriers of knowledge by means of mathematics and statistics ( Broadus, 1987 ). The development of bibliometric software such as VOSviewer, Citespace, and Gephi, and the foundation of the big databases for academic documents such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Taylor and Francis make bibliometric analysis more feasible and practical ( Donthu et al., 2021 ). Meanwhile, according to Rogers et al. (2020) , the recommended minimum sample size for a bibliometric analysis is 200 entries.

Article Selection and Identification

Scopus was chosen as the database for this historical review and bibliometric analysis of ES education. This is because Scopus, as one of the world’s largest databases, covers a wide range of academic journals, conference proceedings, books, and other related publications with relatively high citation indexes and quality, much like the Web of Science ( Pham et al., 2018 ; Baas et al., 2020 ). Scopus is user-friendly in the sense that information can be conveniently retrieved through string retrieval. This study replicated the methodologies used by Lázaro (2022) and Kaya and Erbay (2020) . This article was conducted around RQs after the identification of some keywords as conditions for data mining.

Thus, 23,633 sample documents were first strictly extracted under the condition [TITLE-ABS-KEY (“English speaking” OR “English-speaking” OR “oral English” OR “spoken English”)] AND (“TESOL” OR “EFL” OR “ESL”). Then, the conditions of time span and document type were added for filtering from 2010 to 2021. Then, the articles, conference papers, reviews, book chapters, and books were chosen as the target document types. The detailed conditions can be seen in Table 1 .

Table 1. Retrieval conditions.

Finally, 1,893 documents were obtained. These were exported in the form of an Excel document with citation information, bibliographic information, abstract and keywords, funding details, and other information.

After strict data cleaning through thematic analysis of the abstracts by three researchers for more than three times, 361 sample documents remained, which were classified into four types of documents: journal articles (256; 70.91%), conference papers (79; 21.88%), book chapters (16; 4.43%), and reviews (10; 2.77%), covering more than 10 subject areas, such as social sciences, computer sciences, medicine, engineering, and arts and humanities.

Research Framework and Instruments

In the data selection step, sample documents were screened for information about authors, titles, years, citations, author keywords, index keywords, publishers, document types, countries, and author affiliations from Scopus under strict conditions. The sample documents were then uploaded to Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.17 during the data-processing step. Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.17 were used to perform the visualized bibliometric analysis of the number of publications per year, contributions of authors and countries, and keywords ( Chen, 2016 ; Van Eck and Waltman, 2017 ). Finally, the current situation, developing trends, research gaps, and lessons we can learn about ES teaching were sorted. Thus, the research framework is divided into four main steps, as shown in Figure 1 .

Figure 1. The conceptual framework.

Compared with studies on English writing and reading, studies on ES education are relatively very small in scale. Although only 361 sample documents conforming to the screening conditions were identified, it was still feasible to conduct a bibliometric analysis from the perspectives of the number of yearly publications, countries, authors, citations, and keywords.

Number of Publications by Year

According to the linear trend line in Figure 2 , the overall trend of the ES education literature in Scopus was on the rise from 2010 to 2021. The number of publications in 2021 was six times more than that in 2010, indicating that ES education was gradually beginning to be taken seriously by researchers.

Figure 2. Yearly publications on English-speaking teaching and learning (2010–2021).

However, there were some tortuous changes. In 2010, only 10 studies were identified, but the percentage of the high citation index occupied 50%. From 2011 to 2018, the number of documents published in this area presented an up-and-down curve. The number of publications was slightly lower in 2012 than in 2021. This might be due to the decreased demand for ES education as a result of the economic downturn in many emerging economies such as China, South Korea, and Brazil ( Reid, 2013 ). Yearly publications in this field increased from 2012 to 2013, but decreased again from 2013 to 2015, which was again in line with the global economic situation ( Mau and Ulyukaev, 2015 ). In 2015, the number of publications was more or less the same as in 2010. The reasons for this might be that world trade reduced during the global crisis from 2014 to 2015 ( Baber, 2015 ; Xu and Carey, 2015 ) or that no new research directions were explored during that time. After 2015, there was a continuous increase until 2017. After a subtle decrease in 2018, there was a significant accumulation in the number of publications from 2018 to 2021, showing a new growth trend. Especially in 2020 and 2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic brought disaster to the whole world, publications on ES education increased, reflecting the increasing requirement for ES communication during this time of global cooperation ( Sun and Lan, 2021 ). The influence of the date on the extraction of the sample documents was not very great, as it was 12 December 2021.

Contributions and Collaborations by Country/Region

The 361 sample records extracted in Scopus from 2010 to 2021 were associated with around 40 countries, showing the global distribution of interest by country in ES education.

Figure 3 shows the top 20 countries/regions publishing articles in this field, and they were responsible for 344 ES education publications (2010–2021) (accounting for 95.29% of the total). The countries with big and bright circles were the ones with the large number of the publications. Apart from the 75 publications contributed by the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Spain, and New Zealand, the remaining 269 publications were published by 10 Asian countries, accounting for 74.52% of the total sample documents, which implied the huge demand for the improvement of the learners’ ES skills in those countries. Mainland China contributed 128 publications, accounting for 40.44% of the total, followed by the United States, with 38 documents, accounting for 10.53%.

Figure 3. Density map of the top 10 countries.

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, countries in South-East Asia, occupied the third, fourth, and fifth positions, with 22, 22, and 18 publications, respectively. Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Bangladesh began to participate in country collaborations in recent years, in contrast to countries such as the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Singapore where English is the native language or first language.

The citation network in Figure 4 shows only countries with more than five publications, which reflected the passive collaboration among the countries. As one of the native ES countries, home to many ELE approaches and English assessment tools such as TOFEL, the publications by the United States were cited 518 times (total link strength = 10). Meanwhile, the United Kingdom, home to IELTS, contributed 12 publications, which were cited 72 times (total link strength = 5). Malaysia, where ESL, contributed 22 publications, which were cited 90 times (total link strength = 17). Meanwhile, China, with an EFL context, ranked second with 128 publications, which were cited 395 times, and the total link strength achieved 24.

Figure 4. Country co-authorship in the field of English speaking teaching and learning.

The total citation number of the 361 sample publications was 1,828. Table 2 provides detailed information on the 15 countries that published the most cited articles. The publication and the corresponding citation rate of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore showed huge contrasts, respectively, 12.92, 19.45, 19.5, and 13.83. The high citation rate may to a certain extent represent a high reference value, although it may also be influenced by some highly cited papers ( Schubert and Braun, 1986 ; Aksnes et al., 2012 ; Brika et al., 2021 ). Thus, it was concluded that the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore, where English was the official language, were the leading countries with high citation rates in the field of ES education studies. Similarly, native ES countries—the United Kingdom and Canada—showed relatively high citation rates of 5.83 and 6.14, respectively. Meanwhile, the citation rates of Asian countries such as China (4.73), Japan (6.35), South Korea (5.08), Vietnam (8.38), and Oman (6.75) indicated the progress and the relatively high reference value of publications on ES education studies in those countries. The non-ES European countries such as Spain received 4.57 in citation rates, which were much lower than those of the native ES countries.

Table 2. Description of the 15 countries that published the most cited articles in the field of English-speaking (ES) education studies in Scopus (2010–2021).

Co-authorship among the countries is shown in Figure 5 , which is a presentation of active collaborations. The co-authorship links among Malaysia, India, China, and the United States were linear. However, the collaboration in the map showed a tendency toward a partial focus. For instance, the United States was the main collaborating country for Indonesia, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Canada, Australia, and Singapore. While China collaborated mainly with the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam, and New Zealand. Thus, there was a need for an omnidirectional and multi-angle collaboration among the countries for ES teaching and learning research across the world for further studies.

Figure 5. The map of the co-authorship among the countries on English-speaking teaching and learning.

Author Contributions

Table 3 shows general information about the citations for the 361 sample documents in Scopus (2010–2021). As can be seen in Table 4 , the topics of the top 10 most frequently cited articles were concerned with the assessment of ES proficiency and fluency, teachers’ influence, lexical acquisition, and the facilitation of mobile social networks. The total citation number was 1,828. On average, each document was cited 5.06 times. An experimental study by Kang et al. (2010) that proposed suprasegmental measurement for pronunciation assessment from the perspective of accent and equipment use was the most frequently cited article, which was cited 134 times. A qualitative study by Ma (2012) was cited 66 times, ranking second among the top 10 most frequently cited. It focused on ES teaching methods and investigated the advantages and disadvantages of native and non-native ES teachers in practice. The third most frequently cited article, which analyzed the academic lexical demands and academic word list coverage for ES communications by means of corpus, was cited 61 times ( Dang and Webb, 2014 ). Obviously, most of the top 10 most frequently cited articles were published before 2016, except for the experimental studies by Sun and Lan (2021) on the application of e-learning to develop young learners’ ES competence, implying the emergence of new research topics after 2016 in ES teaching and learning studies.

Table 3. General citations of English-speaking (ES) education publications in Scopus (2010–2021).

Table 4. Top 10 frequently cited authors on English-speaking (ES) education in Scopus (2010–2021).

The top 10 authors with more than three articles in order, were Ismail, K. (6), Abdullah, M. Y. (5), Hussin, S. (5), Liu, M. (5), Habil, H. (4), Chen, Z. (3), Hasan, M. K. (3), Hwang, G. J. (3), Rao, Z. (3), and Seraj, P. M. I. (4), and the co-authorship relationships can be seen in Figure 6 . Seraj, P. M. I published four articles (one in 2020 and three in 2021) focusing on the topic of a flipped classroom. The other author with four publications was Liu M., studying the problem of Chinese EFL students’ anxiety, respectively, in 2013, 2018, 2018, and 2021. Rao Z. made three publications on the issues of native and non-native English teachers in China in 2010, 2016, and 2020.

Figure 6. Density map of the key words.

Keyword Analysis

There were 1,049 keywords among the 361 sample documents, and only 49 keywords (2.88%) appeared more than five times after merging synonyms and deleting extraneous words. This indicates that the number of high-frequency keywords was relatively small, which reflects the relatively extensive content of ES research in the field of language education. Table 5 lists the top 10 keywords ordered by the frequency of occurrence apart from the retrieval words, among which the frequency of “ES skill” was the highest, accounting for 3.43%. The remaining keywords with a frequency greater than 10 were “speech recognition” (32), “College English” (26), “e-learning” (22), “computer-aided instruction” (19), “learning system” (14), “native-English speaking teachers” (13), anxiety (13), “oral communication” (12), “virtual reality” (11), and “artificial intelligence” (10). Obviously, the gap in frequency among keywords is not very large.

Table 5. The top 10 most frequently occurring keywords on English-speaking (ES) education in Scopus (2010–2021).

The bibliometric co-occurrence analysis of keywords provided a convenient way to assess the state of the research field and spot hot issues ( Chen, 2016 ; Mutira et al., 2021 ; Sun and Lan, 2021 ). Meanwhile, importantly, keyword co-occurrence analysis can reflect the viewpoints of core academic articles and may be beneficial for researchers trying to keep up with research trends in a certain area ( Li et al., 2016 ; Shoaib et al., 2021 ). Figure 6 shows the density of keywords that appeared more than 10 times; the brightness of the color represents the heat color of the keyword studied. The more studies, the brighter the color ( Van Eck and Waltman, 2020 ). The colors of the keywords “English speaking skill,” “college English,” “computer-aided learning instruction,” and “speech recognition” were brighter than others. The other keywords, such as “speaking anxiety” and “e-learning,” were also brighter. To some extent, these brighter keywords reflected the research hotspots in the field of ES education from 2010 to 2021 in Scopus.

Keyword cluster analysis reflected the topics to some extent ( Yang et al., 2017 ). After combining synonyms (e.g., oral English and spoken English; computer-aided learning and computer-aided instruction; and native and non-native ES teacher) and the deletion of non-sense words (e.g., human, priority journal, and education), the keywords except the retrieval terms “English speaking,” “oral English,” “English-speaking,” “spoken English,” “EFL,” “TESOL,” and “ESL” were categorized into seven clusters with three main topics, as seen in Figure 7 . The keywords with red color dealt with the application of ICT in ES education, including items such as artificial intelligence, automatic speech recognition, computer-aided instruction, correlation methods, deep learning, information science, learning system, machine learning, quality control, correlation methods, corrective feedback, ES learning, oral communication, etc. Cluster 2 dealt with the cognitive factors influencing students’ ES skills or performance, such as attitude, EFL, English speaking performance, ES skill, the flipped classroom, motivation, speaking anxiety, and teaching methods, of which flipped classroom as a teaching method had the highest frequency of occurrence. Clusters 3 and 4 dealt with the application of ICT in college ES education, covering topics such as e-learning, engineering education, English speaking, learning, virtual reality, big data, college English, and educational computing. Cluster 7 dealt with the assessment of pronunciation or others.

Figure 7. The network visualization map of co-occurrence of keywords.

Keyword Changes and the Enlightenment to Research Topics

Figure 8 reveals a change in the time distribution of topics. It was obvious that most of the light-colored nodes were close to the keyword “college English,” while there were only a few around the keywords “child,” “preschool,” and “adolescent” after 2016. This shows that college students had become the main subjects of ES education studies instead of young learners.

Figure 8. The overlay visualization map of keywords according to year.

Meanwhile, studies with keywords related to the application of ICT, such as “big data,” “artificial intelligence,” “flipped classroom,” “speech recognition system,” and “virtual reality” in ES education, were emerging as a focus of research. Academic ES also began to attract researchers’ attention. Some researchers started to consider the development of twenty first-century skills during ES education. In addition, light-colored nodes of the keywords concerning teaching and learning modes (“continuous development,” “teaching method,” “EMI,” “error correction,” etc.), cognitive factors (“students’ interests,” “anxiety,” “motivation,” etc.), language skills (“ES performance,” “communicative skills,” “accuracy,” “fluency,” etc.), and language knowledge (“pronunciation,” “grammar,” etc.) remained the focus of research.

Limitations

The interpretation of the review should be very cautious due to some limitations. First, bibliometric analysis is a literature review method based on big data technology rather than synthesized thematic analysis. The data were collected and analyzed through the software. Thus, the accuracy of this analysis method is highly dependent on that of the software. The second limitation refers to the database. Though Scopus has covered the majority of the publications on ES teaching and learning worldwide, there are still some publications that were not included in the research.

This historical review and bibliometric analysis sought to better understand the current state of the research field, trends, and emerging research topics on ES education from 2010 to 2021. The results show that there was an increasing trend in the number of publications in this area from 2010 to 2021 in Scopus, indicating that ES education studies remained a necessary research topic, although the research population was not large. Countries with an ESL or EFL context, such as China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, paid more attention to the development of learners’ ES abilities and contributed more to ES education studies. However, the citation analysis revealed that native ES countries such as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Canada, were the major authorities or origins of ES education studies, which can also be seen by author contributions. Country collaboration analysis showed that the United States, China, India, and Malaysia acted as hubs of contact, establishing overall relationships within the collaboration network. In addition, the analysis of author distribution and collaboration revealed that there were constantly new researchers entering this field, but the lack of authors focusing on ES education over the long term and sustained research was still a problem. Further exploration of keywords revealed that the hot research issues encompass communicative skills, language knowledge, assessment, teaching or learning methods, ICT-related applications, and cognitive factors. Rather than focusing on ES education for young and adolescent learners, researchers showed a preference for investigating ES education for college students, catering to the increasing requirements of oral international communication. Meanwhile, topics on ICT application, autonomous learning, academic ES ability, and twenty first-century learning skills are gradually becoming hot areas for the improvement of ES teaching and learning worldwide.

JW was the research designer and executor of this study, participated in and completed the data analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. RA and L-ML gave suggestions when necessary. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Acknowledgments

JW would like to express their gratitude to RA and L-ML who participated in this project.

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Keywords : English-speaking skills, bibliometric analysis, research trends, enlightenment, research state

Citation: Wang J, Abdullah R and Leong L-M (2022) Studies of Teaching and Learning English-Speaking Skills: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Front. Educ. 7:880990. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2022.880990

Received: 22 February 2022; Accepted: 01 June 2022; Published: 06 July 2022.

Reviewed by:

Copyright © 2022 Wang, Abdullah and Leong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Rohaya Abdullah, [email protected]

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Informative Research Papers

Your research essay topic may also need to be related to the specific class you are taking. For example, an economics class may require a business research paper, while a class on human behavior may call for a psychology research paper.

The requirements for your paper will vary depending on whether you are in high school, college, or a postgraduate student. In high school, you may be able to choose an easy topic and cite five or six sources you found on Google or Yahoo!, but college term papers require more in-depth research from reliable sources, such as scholarly books and peer-reviewed journals.

Do you need some help with brainstorming for topics? Some common research paper topics include abortion, birth control, child abuse, gun control, history, climate change, social media, AI, global warming, health, science, and technology.

But we have many more!

On this page, we have hundreds of good research paper topics across a wide range of subject fields. Each of these topics could be used “as is” to write your paper, or as a starting point to develop your own topic ideas.

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How to Choose Your Research Paper Topic

The first step to developing an interesting research paper is choosing a good topic. Finding a topic can be difficult, especially if you don’t know where to start. Finding the Right Research Paper Topic

If you are in a class that allows you to choose your own term paper topic, there are some important areas to consider before you begin your project:

Your Level of Interest: Research papers are time-consuming; you will be spending countless hours researching the topic and related topics, developing several primary and secondary sources, and putting everything together into a paper that is coherent and accomplishes your objectives. If you do not choose a topic you are passionate about, the process will be far more tedious, and the finished product may suffer as a result.

Your Level of Experience: Being interested in a topic is great, but it is even more helpful if you already know something about it. If you can find a topic that you already have some personal and/or professional experience with, it will vastly reduce the amount of research needed and make the whole process much easier.

Available Information on the Topic: Be sure to choose a topic that is not only interesting but also one that has numerous sources available from which to compile your research. A researchable topic with several potential sources gives you access to the level of information you need to become an authority on the subject.

Your Audience: An interesting topic to you may not necessarily be interesting to your professor or whoever is grading your research paper. Before you begin, consider the level of interest of the person(s) who will be reading it. If you are writing a persuasive or argumentative essay, also consider their point of view on the subject matter.

As you begin researching your topic, you may want to revise your thesis statement based on new information you have learned. This is perfectly fine, just have fun and pursue the truth, wherever it leads. If you find that you are not having fun during the research phase, you may want to reconsider the topic you have chosen.

The process of writing the research paper is going to be very time consuming so it’s important to select a topic that is going to sustain your interest for the duration of the project. It is good to select a topic that is relevant to your life since you are going to spend a long time researching and writing about it. Perhaps you are considering starting your own business or pursuing a career in politics. Look through the suggested research paper topics and find one in a category that you can relate to easily. Finding a topic that you have some personal interest in will help make the arduous task a lot easier, and the project will have better results because of your vested interest.

Our List of Research Topics and Issues

Affirmative action, health, pharmacy, medical treatments, interpersonal communication, marketing and advertising, barack obama, discrimination, bill clinton, hilary clinton, computer crimes and security, cosmetic surgery, controversial, criminal justice, donald trump, easy/simple, environment, family violence, foreign policy, gambling and lotteries, the lgbtq community, generational conflict, gun control, hate crimes, immigration, middle east, maternity/paternity leave, natural disasters, police work, population explosion, pornography, prisons and prisoners, prostitution, ronald reagan, student loan debt, teen issues, women, mothers, what, why, and how, relationships.

We compiled an exhaustive list of topics that would make excellent research papers. The topics are specifically organized to help you find one that will work for your project. Broad topics are headed, and then below them are narrowed topics, all to help you find an area to focus on. The way we have organized the topics for research papers can save you lots of time getting prepared to write your research paper.

We have topics that fit into categories that cover such areas as education, environmental sciences, communication and languages, current events, politics, business, criminal justice, art, psychology, economics to name just a few. Simply get started by choosing the category that interests you and peruse through the topics listed in that category and you’ll be well on your way to constructing an excellent research paper.

Be sure to check other topics ideas: persuasive speech topics , argumentative speech topics , policy speech topics . We also have some sample outlines and essay templates .

What limits are responsible?
What limits are realistic?
How to protect abortion doctors, pregnant women, and the protection of abortion clinics vs. the right to protest
Partial birth abortion
Scientific evidence vs. definition of viability
Stem cell research
Unborn victims of violence
Relative equality has been achieved vs. serious inequities continue
Can racial balance in business, education, and the military be achieved without policies that promote Affirmative Action
Reverse discrimination
NOW, National Organization for Women
No government support vs. fairness to parents who pay twice for education
Separation of church and state vs. religion’s contribution to the public good
Placement by age vs. placement by academic ability
Mainstreaming students with disabilities vs. special classrooms for their special needs
Required standardized tests for advancement vs. course requirements only
National standardized tests vs. local control of education
Discrimination in education
Multicultural/bilingual education vs. traditional basics
Teacher competency tests vs. degree requirements only
Teacher’s needs/demands vs. teaching as a service profession
Policing schools
School’s responsibility vs. parental responsibility for school violence
Drug and alcohol abuse, pregnancy, suicide
Zero tolerance toward violence vs. toughness with flexibility
Permit corporal punishment
Exams often do little more than measure a person’s ability to take exams. Should exams be outlawed in favor of another form of assessment?
Should teens in the U.S. adopt the British custom of taking a “gap year” between high school and college?
In some European schools, fewer than 10% of students get “As”. Is there grade inflation in the U.S.? Why so many “As” for Americans?
Education and funding
Grade inflation
No Child Left Behind Act: Is it working?
Home schooling
Standardized tests
Are children smarter (or more socialized) because of the Internet?
Should the federal government be allowed to regulate information on the internet?
How has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading?
How does a search engine work?
What are the effects of prolonged steroid use on the human body?
What are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana?
How does tobacco use affect the human body?
Do the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks?
What are some common sleep disorders and how are they treated?
What are the risks of artificial tanning or prolonged exposure to the sun?
Should thin people have to pay Medicare and other health costs for the health problems of obese people? Should obese people have higher premiums?
Low carbohydrate vs. low fat diets
Benefits of weight training vs. aerobics
How much weekly exercise is needed to achieve lasting health benefits
Health websites give too much information
Psychological disorders, such as cutting and self-harm, eating disorders, Autism, Tourette Syndrome, ADHD, ADD, Asperger Syndrome
Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity? When is it individual responsibility and when is it appropriate to place blame?
Should companies allow employees to exercise on work time?
Steroids, Antibiotics, Sprays; Are food manufacturers killing us?
Alternative medicine
Alzheimer’s disease
Causes of eating disorders, society’s portrayal of women
Eating disorders statistics
Down’s syndrome
Birth control
Dietary supplements
Exercise and fitness
Heart disease
In vitro fertilization
Attention deficit disorder
Investigate the history and authenticity of ADHD and ADD.
Organic foods
Prescription drugs
Vegetarianism
Learning disabilities
Schizophrenia
Coma recovery: techniques, successes, new strategies.
What are the primary types of cancer, and in what ways are they related?
Investigate the success ratio of holistic and non-medical cancer treatments.
Is Alzheimer’s inevitable? Examine theories regarding its prevention.
What forms of physical degeneracy are seen as linked to aging?
Investigate the connections between emotional stability and physical well-being, and provide evidence as to how the two may be related.
Investigate differences in rates of injury recovery and overcoming illness based on cultural parameters.
Examine the modern history of viral epidemics, researching what is known about the emergence of deadly viruses.
Examine how congenital heart disease may be treated, and how it differs from other forms of heart disease.
Is occasional depression a natural state to an extent, and is society too eager to treat this as a disorder?
Investigate Sociopathy, determine biological and psychological roots, typical patterns, and potentials of treatment.
How are compulsive behaviors determined as such? Explore examples of anal retention and expulsion, OCD, etc., as offering accepted criteria.
Research and analyze the nature of codependency as both a normal state of relations and as an unhealthy extreme.
Investigate the history and practice of electroshock, analyzing how and why this extreme treatment came to be widely used.
Hoarding: symptoms and treatments, causes, types of hoarding
Limits on extraordinary, costly treatments vs. doing everything possible
Nutritional/alternative therapy vs. mainstream medical treatment insurance coverage for alternative treatment?
Government grants for alternative treatment research?
Health superiority of alternative treatments?
Assisted suicide vs. preservation of life
Governmental insurance requirements
Should there be a national database to track controlled substances (i.e., OXYCODONE) or should it be a state issue?
Should parents avoid vaccinating their children?
Decline of communication due to technology
Online social networks and their influence
Impact of texting and cell phones
How do men and women communicate differently using body language, and why does it matter (in dating, the workplace, and social circles)?
Limitations of the media
Marketing to children
Sexual innuendos in marketing
Global marketing trends
Should certain kinds of ads be banned in the interest of health/morality/annoyance – alcohol, cigarettes, prescription meds, etc…?
Children’s programming and advertising
Most controversial political ads
Media response and public outcry to political ads
Campaign funds and their relation to political advertising
Domestic policy
Separation of church and state
Judge nominations and make up of supreme court
Congressional opposition to presidential nominees/filibusters
Affirmative action
Erosion of civil liberties vs. protection against terrorism
Patriot Act One and Two
Most developed nations have universal health coverage. Why doesn’t the U.S., the wealthiest nation, have it?
Tax cut as economic stimulation
Needs of the states vs. needs of the individuals
Budget deficits and deficit spending
Rich vs. poor
Protection of victims vs. freedom of speech/rights of the accused
How to improve race relations
Women still earn only 75 cents for every $1 a man earns. Explain why.
Discrimination in the workplace: analyzing issues for today’s corporations.
Gender discrimination
Interracial marriage
Should government impose restrictions on what kinds of foods can be served in school cafeterias?
Pros and cons of school uniforms.
Do children learn better in boys-only and girls-only schools?
Charter schools
Prayer in schools
Rights of the individual vs. community safety (or campus safety)
Funding for research
U.S. obligation to third world countries
Manufacturing of generic drugs vs. U.S. pharmaceutical companies
How contagious diseases “jump” from animal hosts to human
What treatments are available to people infected with HIV and are they effective?
Right to privacy of a child with AIDS vs. safety of other children
Limits for campus safety vs. personal freedom
Implications on violence and crime
Issues with binge drinking
Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18?
Leniency because of condition vs. community safety
Revoking drivers license vs. being able to attend classes and work
Age discrimination of violators
Animal rights vs. medical research
Should it be illegal to use animals for sports and entertainment?
Humane treatment of animals vs. factory farms
Animal welfare in slaughter houses
Animal protection vs. business, employment interests
School prestige vs. academic standards
Should shoe companies be able to give away free shoes and equipment to high school athletes?
Should college athletes be paid?
Doping in sports
What are the effects on children whose parents push them in sports?
Steroids: Should they be legalized?
Title IX: Has it helped women’s sports? Has it harmed men’s sports?
Social effects of team sports
Needed in public school library/curriculum?
Needed in entertainment industry?
Needed on the Internet?
Should parents censor textbooks and other literature for children in schools?
Parental filters on the Internet. Does censorship actually increase curiosity and use of pornography?
How is internet censorship used in China and around the world?
How has United States censorship changed over the decades?
Democratic kingmaker, influence on political succession
Impact of global initiative
Influence on fundraising
Influence as Secretary of State
Foreign policies
Influence on women
ACT or SAT score requirements
Promotional techniques, such as 1st time scholarships
4 year vs. 2 year colleges
College admission policies
College tuition planning
Distance education
Diploma mills
Online porn vs. freedom of speech
Stalking, invasion of privacy vs. reasonable access
Hacking crimes–workable solutions?
What are the latest ways to steal identity and money?
From where does spam email come and can we stop it?
How do computer viruses spread and in what ways do they affect computers?
Cyber security
Securing Internet commerce: is it possible in today’s arms’ race of hackers and evolving technology?
Is downloading of media (music, videos, software) infringing on the rights of media producers and causing economic hardships on media creators?
Should media producers prosecute students and individuals that they suspect of downloading copyrighted materials?
Programs such as SPOTIFY and PANDORA
Copyright Law
Age limitations on surgery
Addiction to surgery
Demand for beauty by society
The dangers of breast implants for teenagers
The cost of cosmetic surgery
Plastic surgery
Weight loss surgery
Are surgeons “scissor happy,” and are surgeries widely unnecessarily
Negative texting, instant messaging, email
Is cyber-bullying as bad as face-to-face?
Kinds of punishment for cyber-bullying
Media response
Should the state or federal government put laws into place to prevent bullying?
Is homosexuality a choice, or are people born gay?
Evolution vs. Creationism.
Should “under God” remain in the Pledge of Allegiance?
Is healthcare a right or a privilege?
Fossil fuels vs. alternative energy.
Transgender bathroom policies.
Capitalism vs. socialism.
Should parents be allowed to spank their children?
Should sanctuary cities lose their federal funding?
The pros and cons of gun control.
Should the U.S. continue drone strikes in foreign countries?
Was the U.S. justified in going to war with Iraq?
How to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The pros and cons of animal testing.
Do pro athletes have the right to sit during the national anthem?
Incarceration rates in the U.S.
Technology and the criminal justice system.
Police brutality and minorities.
Should the police wear body cameras?
In what circumstances should the death penalty be allowed?
Should we have stiffer penalties for drunk driving?
Should those who text while driving be put in jail?
White-collar crime and punishment.
Criminalizing protests and activism.
The rise of wrongful convictions.
Mutual consent vs. exploitation
Campuses with “no touch” policy
Drugs associated to Date Rape
Violence and Rape
Government support vs. parental financing
Benefits vs. harmful effects
Trump’s unconventional presidential campaign.
The psychology of Donald Trump.
Who is behind Trump’s political rise?
Donald Trump and evangelical voters.
Donald Trump the businessman.
Trump’s war on the press (aka “fake news”).
The Trump Organization and conflicts of interest.
The border wall and illegal immigration policy.
Global warming and climate change policy.
Trump-Russia collusion.
The rapid rise of “The Resistance.”
Trump’s legislative agenda; e.g., health care, tax policy, deregulation, etc.
Trump’s “America First” trade and foreign policy.
The case for (or against) the Trump presidency.
Punishment vs. treatment
Family reactions
Social acceptance
Community safety vs. legalization
United States military involvement in Colombian drug trade?
Drug legalization
Abstinence Program: Do they work?
Should the federal government legalize the use of marijuana?
What is the true key to happiness?
What is the cause of America’s obesity crisis?
Why sleep is necessary.
Are plastic bottles really bad for you?
How to encourage people to recycle more.
How 3D printers benefit everyone.
How do GPS systems on smartphones work?
How have oil spills impacted the environment?
Verbal vs. nonverbal communication.
The accuracy of lie detector tests.
How Bill Gates and Steve Jobs changed the world.
The pros and cons of hitchhiking.
The PC vs. the Mac.
What causes tornadoes?
Pollution, air, and water
Endangered species
What are the risks of climate change and global warming?
Rain forests
Alternative energy
Alternative fuel/hybrid vehicles
Conservation
Deforestation
Greenhouse effect
Marine pollution
How have oil spills affected the planet and what steps are being taken to prevent them?
Sustainability of buildings
Recycling programs
Cost of “green” programs
Wind turbines
Landfill issues
Renewable fuels
Radioactive waste disposal
Soil pollution
Wildlife conservation: what efforts are being taken to protect endangered wildlife?
Excessive burden on industries?
Drilling for oil in Alaska’s ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)
Gasoline consumption vs. SUV’s popularity
Wildlife protection vs. rights of developers
Clean air and water standards–weakened vs. strengthened
What are the dangers of scuba diving and underwater exploration?
Should the use of coal be subjected to stricter environmental regulations than other fuels?
Is global warming a hoax? Is it being exaggerated?
How much is too much noise? What, if anything, should we do to curb it?
Protecting victims vs. rights of the accused
Women who kill abusive husbands vs. punishment for murder
Marital rape?
How to protect children vs. respect for parental rights
Children who kill abusive parents
Child abuse–workable solutions?
Child abuse
Domestic abuse
Organic farming vs. mainline use of chemical sprays
How to best protect the environment; conservation
Family vs. corporate farms
Food production costs
Interventionism?
Third world debt and World Bank/International Monetary Fund
Military support vs. economic development of third world countries
Human rights violations
European Union in competition with the U.S.
Unilateralism
Relevance of the United Nations
Neocon role in foreign policy
Christian right influence on foreign policy
Pentagon vs. State Department
Nation building as a policy
Arms control
Obama’s National Strategy for Counterterrorism
Control of al Qaeda
Drawdown of U.S. Armed Forces in the Middle East
Cats vs. dogs: which makes the better pet?
My pet can live forever: why I love animal clones.
According to my social media profile, my life is perfect.
Football vs. baseball: which sport is America’s favorite pastime?
Starbucks vs. Caribou: whose coffee is better?
What does your dog really think of you?
Why millennials deserve lower pay.
What makes people end up with so many mismatched socks?
How to become a research paper master.
How reading Tuesdays with Morrie can make you wiser.
Easy way to earn revenues vs. social damage
Individual freedom vs. social damage
Do lotteries actually benefit education or is it a scam?
Can gamblers ever acquire a statistical advantage over the house in casino games?
Should there be a constitutional amendment that allows gays and lesbians to legally marry?
Adoption rights?
Need special rights for protection?
College campus response
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender
Gay parenting
Elderly to share in the tax burden vs. government support of elderly
Future of social security
Job discrimination
Child rearing
Employment issues
Generational differences
Community and police safety vs. unrestricted right to bear arms
NRA (National Rifle Association)
2nd Amendment
Do states that allow citizens to carry guns have higher or lower crime rates?
Community safety vs. freedom of Speech
Punishment inequities
Persecution of alternative lifestyles
Church Arson: Hate crime?
Prevention of hazing
Greek organizations and rituals of hazing
Statistics of death or injury due to Hazing
High Schools and Hazing
What happened during the Salem witch trials?
How did trains and railroads change life in America?
What may have occurred during the Roswell UFO incident of 1947?
What Olympic events were practiced in ancient Greece?
How did Cleopatra come to power in Egypt? What did she accomplish during her reign?
What are the origins of the conflict in Darfur?
What was the women’s suffrage movement and how did it change America?
How was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln plotted and executed?
How did Cold War tension affect the US and the world?
What happened to the lost settlers at Roanoke?
How did Julius Caesar affect Rome?
How did the Freedom Riders change society?
What was the code of the Bushido and how did it affect samurai warriors?
How did Joan of Arc change history?
What dangers and hardships did Lewis and Clark face when exploring the Midwest?
How are the Great Depression and the Great Recession similar and different?
What was the Manhattan Project and what impact did it have on the world?
Why did Marin Luther protest against the Catholic Church?
How did the Roman Empire fall?
How did the black plague affect Europe?
How did Genghis Khan conquer Persia?
How did journalists influence US war efforts in Vietnam?
Who is Vlad the Impaler and what is his connection to Count Dracula?
Who was a greater inventor, Leonardo di Vinci or Thomas Edison?
What was the role of African Americans during the Revolutionary War?
What was Britain’s view of India during British rule?
What were the factors in the China-Tibet conflict?
Research and analyze the emergence of the Catholic Church as a political force following the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Investigate Dr. Eileen Powers’ claim that the Roman Empire was lost primarily due to an inability to perceive itself as subject to the change inevitable to all governments, or her “force of nature” theory.
Explore and discuss the actual cooperation occurring through the centuries of Barbarian conquest of Rome.
Examine the differences and similarities between Western and Eastern concepts and practices of kingship.
Investigate and explain the trajectory of ALEXANDER THE GREAT’s empire, with minimal emphasis on personal leadership.
To what extent did commerce first link Eastern and Western cultures, and how did this influence early international relations?
Research and analyze how Japan moved from a feudalistic to a modern state, and how geographic isolation played a role in the process.
Analyze the process and effects of Romanization on the Celtic people of ancient England: benefits, conflicts, influences.
Overview of British dominance of Ireland, Wales, and Scotland! How was this justified in each case, and what motivated the attempts over centuries of rebellion and failure?
Investigate the known consequences of Guttenberg’s printing press within the first 30 years of its invention, and only in regard to the interaction between European nations.
Identify and analyze the point at which the Reformation became fused with European politics and nationalist agendas.
To what extent did Henry VIII promote the Reformation, despite his vigorous persecution of heretics in England?
Trace and discuss the uses of papal power as a military and political device in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Research the city/state of Florence from the 13th to the 16th centuries, discussing how and why it evolved as so fiercely republican.
Compare and contrast the Russian Czarism of Peter, Elizabeth, and Catherine with the monarchies of England and France in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Investigate the enormous significance of Catholic Orthodoxy as the dominant faith in Russia, and its meaning and influence in an empire populated by a minimal aristocracy and predominant serfdom.
To what extent did Philip II’s religious convictions shape European policy and conflict in the 16th century?
Trace the path leading to the convocation of the Estates in France in the late 18th century, leading to the Revolution. Assess political and social errors responsible.
What eventually ended serfdom in Russia, and why were numerous attempts to end it by the Czars in power consistently unsuccessful?
Research and report on how England was transformed in the 19th century by the industrial revolution and the advent of the railroad.
Compare and contrast the consequences of the industrial revolutions in England and America in terms of urbanization.
What were the circumstances leading to World War I, and how might the war have been averted?
Assess the Cold War of the 20th century in an historical context: can any parallels be made between this conflict and other ongoing tensions between major powers in earlier centuries?
Analyze Roosevelt’s decisions in implementing the New Deal, beginning with the closing of the banks. Suggest alternative strategies, or reinforce the rationale of the actions.
What architectural marvels were found in Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire?
What was the cultural significance of the first moon landing?
Food programs
Welfare reform
Governmental supplementation
Homeless: urban restrictions vs. needs of the destitute
Workable solutions?
Realistic limits vs. openness toward people in need
English as official language vs. respect for diversity
Should illegal immigrants be made legal citizens?
Access to public school and public programs for Illegal Aliens
Policing borders–workable solutions?
Employment and/or taxation for Illegal Aliens
International trade
Democratization
“Shock and awe”
U.S. occupation vs. liberation
Iraqi run vs. U.S. puppet state
Oil and Gas prices-Control of resources
Effective self-government
War on Terrorism
Is America winning or losing the War? What is the measurement of success? Have the benefits outweighed the costs?
Parental leave for both parents
FMLA (Family Medical Leave Act)
Bonding time
Preemptive strike policy
Precision weapons
Intelligence reliability
Afghanistan – a success or stalemate
Should the U.S. have mandatory military conscriptions? For whom?
Governmental support
Preparedness
School emergency plans
Community warning systems
Damage costs
U.S. presidential elections should be decided by the popular vote, rather than the Electoral College.
The minimum wage should be increased to provide a “livable” wage for working families.
There should be stiffer penalties for those who commit animal cruelty.
School vouchers increase competition and create better quality schools.
The corporate tax rate should be lowered to create more jobs.
Social Security should be privatized.
Human torture should be banned in all circumstances.
Affirmative action is still needed to ensure racial and gender equality.
The U.S. dollar should go back on the gold standard.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide should be outlawed.
Police brutality vs. dangers that police face
Racially motivated brutality?
Politician’s right to privacy vs. the public’s right to know
Amount of money going into presidential campaigns
Views on abortion, gay marriage, and other controversial topics
Political debates throughout history
Third-party candidates at presidential debates
Rights of religious citizens vs. freedom from imposition (e.g. prayer in schools)
Religious motivation for political involvement vs. cultural pluralism
Christian Right’s influence on foreign policy
How serious? Causes? Workable solutions?
Funding abortion as a form of birth control in third world countries?
What would happen globally if the demand for natural resources is greater than the supply?
Limitation of social deterioration vs. freedom of speech
Definition of Pornography
Child Pornography
Building prisons vs. alternative sentencing
Adjusted sentencing for lesser crimes
Community service
Diversion Programs for inmates
How does the prison population in America compare to other nations?
Prostitution laws in the US and abroad
Benefits and drawbacks to legalizing prostitution
Psychological effect on prostitutes and former prostitutes
Sex slavery, buying and selling
Should the government be allowed to wire tap without permission?
What limitations, if any, should be applied to the paparazzi?
What medical information should be confidential? Who, if anybody, should have access to medical records?
Does the public have a right to know about a public figure’s private life?
Privacy rights
Do harsher punishments mean fewer convictions?
Date rape: consent vs. exploitation
Drugs-Rohypnol, GHB, KETAMINE
Legalization of Date Rape Drugs
Recently, a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old girl. Are statutory rape laws patronizing to girls and discriminatory to boys?
Acquaintance rape
Is there one true religion?
Freedom of religion
Offer distinct reasons why the Bible should be studied as literature, removed from religious significance.
From Hollywood to the White House: the political rise of Ronald Reagan.
The Great Communicator: how Reagan captured the hearts of Americans.
1981 assassination attempt: bullet wound leaves Reagan inches away from death.
Reagan appoints the first female Supreme Court justice.
The PATCO breakup and decline of the labor unions.
Tax cuts and “Reaganomics.”
The “Iran-Contra” scandal.
Reagan, Gorbachev, and the end of the Cold War.
The final act: Reagan’s Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and long goodbye.
How has airport security intensified since September 11th, 2001?
Identity theft
Homeland Security: Are we safer since the creation of this department?
Should the government use invasive pat-downs and body scans to ensure passenger safety or are there better methods?
Is arming Pilots a good idea?
What responsibilities do secret service agents have?
Student loan scams
How to avoid student loan debt
Managing student loan debt
Driverless cars and the future of transportation.
Breaking the glass ceiling: the impact of the women’s rights movement.
How seniors contribute to societal well-being.
How disabled individuals are viewed by society.
The modern-day civil rights movement.
Has technology made us more detached from society?
The role of religion in society.
In today’s society, are we better off or worse off than previous generations?
Popular music and its impact on the culture.
Class and geographical segregation.
The differences between life in the city, suburbs, and/or rural areas.
Should parents be able to create designer babies?
Should microchips be implanted inside humans for better tracking and security?
Will smart watches eventually replace cell phones?
The pros and cons of being a global citizen.
Progressive vs. flat tax
Excessive taxes vs. worthwhile programs
Is text messaging contributing to teen illiteracy?
How eating disorders impact teens.
Tablets vs. textbooks.
Do standardized tests improve teen education?
Are violent video games contributing to juvenile delinquency?
Is English literature relevant for today’s teens?
Should the HPV vaccine be required for teen girls?
Do teachers inflate grades so students can pass?
Should advertisers be allowed to target teens?
How to encourage teens to stop smoking.
The causes and effects of teen alcohol and drug abuse.
How to prevent teen pregnancy.
Osama Bin Laden
World Trade Center and Pentagon bombings
September 11, 2001
War on terrorism
Afghanistan
Bioterrorism
Al Qaida: Has U.S. policy actually spread terrorism rather than contained it? Will it get better or worse? Why and how?
Can terrorism ever be justified?
What kind of person becomes a suicide bomber?
What were the circumstances surrounding the death of Osama Bin Laden?
Has the Patriot Act prevented or stopped terrorist acts in America?
How is text messaging affecting teen literacy?
Cell Phones: How have they changed us socially?
Does the Information Age mean we are losing important historical information?
Where did hip-hop music originate?
A day in the life of a Buddhist monk.
How does the brain store and retrieve memories?
What life is like inside an ant colony.
The case for and against the existence of UFOs.
Can virtual reality adequately substitute for actual reality?
Are dreams hidden messages or just hot air?
Why do people collect the most ridiculous things?
When is it time to get out of an abusive relationship?
The art of pretending to care.
Public attitudes toward veterans
Health issues caused by service time
Organizations for veterans
Governmental support for veterans
What programs are available to help war veterans get back into society?
Iraq War Vets: Are they being cheated on medical benefits?
Is there a glass ceiling?
Obstacles to women running for political office?
Should women be priests, pastors, ministers, and rabbis?
What differences, if any, are there in children who are raised by stay-at-home moms and working moms? Does society today still discriminate against working mothers who wish to have flexible work schedules?
Should stay-at-home moms get a salary from the government?
Why do we sleep?
How do GPS systems work?
Who was the first person to reach the North Pole?
Did anybody ever escape Alcatraz?
What was life like for a gladiator?
Are there any effective means of repelling insects?
How is bulletproof clothing made?
How was the skateboard invented and how has it changed over the years?
What is life like inside of a beehive?
Where did hip hop originate and who were its founders?
What makes the platypus a unique and interesting mammal?
What is daily life like for a Buddhist monk?
How did gunpowder change warfare?
How were cats and dogs domesticated and for what purposes?
What do historians know about ninjas?
Are humans still evolving?
What is the curse of the pharaohs?
Why was Socrates executed?
How did ancient sailors navigate the globe?
How are black holes formed?
How do submarines work?
Do lie detector tests accurately determine truthful statements?
How does a hybrid car save energy?
What ingredients can be found in a hotdog?
How does a shark hunt?
How does the human brain store and retrieve memories?
How does stealth technology shield aircraft from radar?
What causes tornados?
How does night vision work?
What causes desert mirages, and how do they affect wanderers?
What are sinkholes, and how are they formed?
What are the major theories explaining the disappearance of the dinosaurs?
Should we reform laws to make it harder to get a divorce?
Divorce rates
Family relationships
Family values
Race relations
Marriage and Divorce
A view of home life and its effect on child development
How 4 generations in the workplace can work together.
Building positive employee relationships
Modern work environments
Business leadership
Workforce regulations
Small business and taxation
Corporate law
Issues in modern Human Resources: Are today’s corporations patronizing employees or being more responsible for them?
Cultural conflict in globalization: Strategies for successfully establishing a presence in a foreign culture
Corporate abuse: How can executives so successfully manipulate corporations criminally?
Identifying stakeholders in non-public companies: is the corporate responsibility the same as for public offerings?
Devise a new model of leadership for business today, incorporating elements of existing leadership models and theories.
Examine the actual impact of social media as a business promotion instrument.
Devise a scenario in which traditionally unethical business practices may be justified.
Should newspaper reporters be required to reveal their sources?
Do the media (both print and broadcast) report fairly? Do they ever cross the line between reporting the news and creating the news?
Does news coverage favor whites?
What steps are involved in creating a movie or television show?
How have the film and music industries dealt with piracy?
Media conglomerates/ownership
Minorities in mass media
Portrayal of women
Reality television
Television violence
Media portrayals
Sensationalized media
Examine the issues of responsibility in pharmaceutical companies’ promotion of drugs in the media.
Forensic science technology
What are the current capabilities and future goals of genetic engineers?
What obstacles faced scientists in breaking the sound barrier?
What is alchemy and how has it been attempted?
What technologies are available to home owners to help them conserve energy?
Nuclear energy
Clean energy resources
Wind energy: Is wind energy really that inexpensive? Is it effective? Is it practical?
What are the dangers and hazards of using nuclear power?
Investigate Freud’s contributions to psychology as they exist today: what value remains?
Are there gender foundations to psychology and behavior that are removed from cultural considerations? To what extent does gender actually dictate thought process?
To what extent is sexual orientation dictated by culture, and is there an orientation not subject to social and cultural influences?
Investigate the psychological process in group dynamics with regard to the emergence of leaders and the compliance of others.
Compare and contrast Jung, Freud, and Adler: explore distinctions and commonalities.
What is “normal,” and to what extent is psychology reliant on culture to define this?
Research and assess the effectiveness of radical psychotherapies and unconventional treatments.
Research the concept of human will as both a component of individual psychology and a process or element removed from it.
To what extent is self-image influenced by culture in regard to eating disorders? Are external factors entirely to blame?
How do centuries-old beliefs of madness and dementia relate to modern conceptions of mental illness?
Is psychology itself inevitably a non-science in that virtually any theory may be substantiated, or is there a foundation of science to the subject to which all theorists must conform?
Examine Euripides and gender psychology: what do the Trojan Women and Medea reveal?
Using three characters, explore Chaucer’s insight into human behavior in The Canterbury Tales.
Identify the true relationship between Dante and Virgil in The Divine Comedy, emphasizing Dante’s reliance on the poet.
Research and discuss the English fascination for euphemism and ornate narratives in the 16th century, beginning with John Lyly.
Examine any existing controversies regarding Shakespearean authorship, citing arguments on both sides.
Analyze similarities and differences between Marlowe and Shakespeare in regard to Tamburlaine and Titus Andronicus.
Defend or support Bloom’s assertion of Shakespeare as the “inventor of the human being.”
To what degree are Shakespeare’s plays influenced by, or reflective, of the Elizabethan era? Identify specific cultural and national events linked to at least 3 plays.
Analyze the unusual construction of A Winter’s Tale in regard to transition from comedy to drama. Is this valid? Does the transition benefit or harm the play?
Support the belief that Shakespeare is representing himself as Prospero through evidence, or similarly refute the belief.
Why was extreme violence so popular in English Reformation drama? Cite Marlowe, Kyd, Webster, and Shakespeare.
Analyze the metaphysical in Donne’s poetry: is it spiritual, existential, or both?
What is Shelley seeking to say in Frankenstein? Support your answer with passages from the novel.
Compare and contrast Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina with Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, noting the characters of the heroines.
It is argued that Dickens failed when he turned to serious, romantic narrative in his novels. Using Copperfield, Great Expectations, and Dombey and Son, defend or refute this claim.
Assess Dickens’ stance as a moralist in Bleak House and Hard Times: to what extent does he seek reform, and to what does he comment on the human condition?
Was the Harry Potter phenomenon warranted by quality of storytelling or more a matter of public receptivity at the time combined with media exposure?

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20 thoughts on “717 Good Research Paper Topics”

How has music evolved? How has music effected history? Music of the past vs music of the present. How has the music industry effected the music’s quality?

Do you think abortion is legal? Why they do abortion?

Why are people instinctively afraid of animals that are not mammals?

Should abortion be legalized? Should domestic abuse and child abuse victims be granted clemency for killing their abuser?

Jewish holocaust and its contribution to European History, specifically Germany

What is the most popular college in the United States?

The Black Knight: Space Waste or Alien Satellite? The Moon Landing: Real or Hollywood Hoax? Have We Become Too Politically Correct? Paranormal Research: Real? Fake? Should it be offered in college? Who really was Jack the Ripper? Can a zombie apocalypse truly occur? Who is the best or worst president of the USA? The Men in Black: real or hoax?

Why Marching Band is a sport.

Marching band is not a sport

how did aids start?

Topic : Alternative medicine Research question : Does the alternative medicine is safe and standardized Hypothesis : analyse the quality controle of alternative medicine formulations

Does our nostalgic music/childhood songs affect our present lifestyle, and in what ways?

reverse discriminations is still discrimination so there’s no such thing as that. like reverse racism isn’t a thing because that is still racism

Men on birth control and not women.

You forget the topic Islamophobia 😉

You should add a music section. Is Muzio Clementi overshadowed by Mozart? The Toccata and Fugue in D- really wasn’t written by Bach The use of the “Dies Irae” in cinema Why is modern music so repetitive and simple compared to classical music?

I want to do a research project on Education

I want to research but not get a perfect topic help me give me a best topic about current affairs

Topic: History. Are the Crusades oversimplified? where they justified? If so, how? Topic: Current affairs. Is the term “conspiracy theory” used to discredit any non-mainstream, controversial opinions. Topic: Gun control. Does limiting magazine capacity for firearms have any effect on gun crime? Are high-capacity magazines ever necessary for self-defense? Topic: Economics. Are minimum wage laws necessary to guarantee “decent”, or do the laws of supply and demand automatically ensure that?

Are women funny?

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Vivamus integer non suscipit taciti mus etiam at primis tempor sagittis euismod libero facilisi.

December 30, 2016

Magnifying glass.

Research papers are into two distinctive categories. The argumentative research paper and the analytical research paper. English papers fall to the latter category.

Expectations of an analytical research paper

Analytical paper research begins with the author posing a research question.
Exploration and reflection is a practise in analytical research.
The authors heedful inquiry to the research question, should conclude with the author’s view on the topic. His stand should not refute any other readings, but shed light on a new perspective on the topic under inquiry.

Checklist for a Research Paper

Is the thesis question clear and concise?
Does the argument flow in a logical manner?
Does each new paragraph link from the preceding paragraph?
Are all sources properly cited?
Are citatiations in the right paper format APA, MLA etc?
Are the claims properly supported?
Is the comprehensive intent of the essay clear?
Have you revised, and proofread your paper?

A list of 69 English Research Topics

People who make believe.
First impressions, lasting impressions.
Popular fallacies in the 1990’s.
College admission policy.
Education and funding.
Effects of hazing in college.
Origin of Greek Letter Society
Discuss No Child Left Behind Act.
Story and struggles of women writers in the late 19th Century in America.
Homesteading;understanding the women in the play Minnie Right.
Explore the Mexican Legend of La Llorona and its perception on women and marriage.
Research on the influence of the eastern religious thought on Western Christianity.
Study of the rhetoric; Canadian society.
Digital games and modern afterlives.
Crisis and representation in the 20th century American Literature.
Many are Christians but few are Christ-Like.
Dialect in British Poetry in the late 19th century.
Late modernisation in America and its change to English National Culture.
The impact of automation on American lifestyle and culture.
“Don’t ask don’t tell policy”. Should gay officers be allowed in the military.
The American culture and its roots in racism.
Compulsory Conscription Reinstatement.
Compare two novels of the same genre and written in the same time.
Discuss a Gothic novel.
How does “Heroine in Pamela” reflect female chastity ideals?
Discuss impact of translation in schools.
Discuss human life through Charles Dickens Novels.
Who were the pioneers of romantic poetry.
How did Adolf Hitler’s essay changed the world?
Compare Italian Literature and American Literature.
Black humor and examples.
The difference satire makes in literature.
What is the main theme; “To kill a mockingbird”?
Discuss Hellenism in literature.
Research on Utopian Literature.
In early Europe witchcraft and wizardry was rampant what was its effect on literature.
Do fairy tales help children learn the principles of life.
Is the world becoming a safer place?
Death of a salesman and the American dream.
Research on Dystopian Literature.
Modernism and postmodernism.
Renaissance literature and its transformation.
Edith Wharton’s Age of innocence.
Female African American Writers.
Vulnerability that comes with young love on “An Ounce of Cure”.
Russian literature and colonialism.
Assimilation of the Anglo Saxon Dialect in the early British tribes.
Challenges of learning english as a second language( ESL).
What was Shakespeare’s contribution to the english literature?
Discuss the imagist movement in english literature.
The difference between literature of the North and literature of the South in America.
Compare Scottish writers and Irish writers in literature.
The sociological and political aspect of a book of your choice.
Should Harry Potter be banned?
Origin of the english language.
Discuss the 19th century novel the blood brother.
What is the most important technological discovery in human history?
What is the motivation behind a terrorist?
Explain why Greek mythology is still relevant today.
Cultural conflict in globalisation.
Should the bible be studied as literature?
Miller or Williams; Which playwright has a greater claim to the 20th century?
Dystopian fiction is inherently an amateurish device. Discuss if you agree or disagree.
Multiculturalism and its advantages.
The role of women in the Yellow Wallpaper.
Othello the Moor of Venice.
Analyze the Native American Culture.
Discuss the history of restoration drama.
Give a historian’s view on George Orwell’s Animal farm.
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student opinion

130 New Prompts for Argumentative Writing

Questions on everything from mental health and sports to video games and dating. Which ones inspire you to take a stand?

Our list includes this question suggested by a student: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/02/learning/is-it-harder-to-grow-up-in-the-21st-century-than-it-was-in-the-past.html">Is it harder to grow up in the 21st century than it was in the past?</a>

By The Learning Network

Note: We have an updated version of this list, with 300 new argumentative writing prompts .

What issues do you care most about? What topics do you find yourself discussing passionately, whether online, at the dinner table, in the classroom or with your friends?

In Unit 5 of our free yearlong writing curriculum and related Student Editorial Contest , we invite students to research and write about the issues that matter to them, whether that’s Shakespeare , health care , standardized testing or being messy .

But with so many possibilities, where does one even begin? Try our student writing prompts.

In 2017, we compiled a list of 401 argumentative writing prompts , all drawn from our daily Student Opinion column . Now, we’re rounding up 130 more we’ve published since then ( available here as a PDF ). Each prompt links to a free Times article as well as additional subquestions that can help you think more deeply about it.

You might use this list to inspire your own writing and to find links to reliable resources about the issues that intrigue you. But even if you’re not participating in our contest, you can use these prompts to practice the kind of low-stakes writing that can help you hone your argumentation skills.

So scroll through the list below with questions on everything from sports and mental health to dating and video games and see which ones inspire you to take a stand.

Please note: Many of these prompts are still open to comment by students 13 and up.

Technology & Social Media

1. Do Memes Make the Internet a Better Place? 2. Does Online Public Shaming Prevent Us From Being Able to Grow and Change? 3. How Young Is Too Young to Use Social Media? 4. Should the Adults in Your Life Be Worried by How Much You Use Your Phone? 5. Is Your Phone Love Hurting Your Relationships? 6. Should Kids Be Social Media Influencers? 7. Does Grammar Still Matter in the Age of Twitter? 8. Should Texting While Driving Be Treated Like Drunken Driving? 9. How Do You Think Technology Affects Dating?

10. Are Straight A’s Always a Good Thing? 11. Should Schools Teach You How to Be Happy? 12. How Do You Think American Education Could Be Improved? 13. Should Schools Test Their Students for Nicotine and Drug Use? 14. Can Social Media Be a Tool for Learning and Growth in Schools? 15. Should Facial Recognition Technology Be Used in Schools? 16. Should Your School Day Start Later? 17. How Should Senior Year in High School Be Spent? 18. Should Teachers Be Armed With Guns? 19. Is School a Place for Self-Expression? 20. Should Students Be Punished for Not Having Lunch Money? 21. Is Live-Streaming Classrooms a Good Idea? 22. Should Gifted and Talented Education Be Eliminated? 23. What Are the Most Important Things Students Should Learn in School? 24. Should Schools Be Allowed to Censor Student Newspapers? 25. Do You Feel Your School and Teachers Welcome Both Conservative and Liberal Points of View? 26. Should Teachers and Professors Ban Student Use of Laptops in Class? 27. Should Schools Teach About Climate Change? 28. Should All Schools Offer Music Programs? 29. Does Your School Need More Money? 30. Should All Schools Teach Cursive? 31. What Role Should Textbooks Play in Education? 32. Do Kids Need Recess?

College & Career

33. What Is Your Reaction to the College Admissions Cheating Scandal? 34. Is the College Admissions Process Fair? 35. Should Everyone Go to College? 36. Should College Be Free? 37. Are Lavish Amenities on College Campuses Useful or Frivolous? 38. Should ‘Despised Dissenters’ Be Allowed to Speak on College Campuses? 39. How Should the Problem of Sexual Assault on Campuses Be Addressed? 40. Should Fraternities Be Abolished? 41. Is Student Debt Worth It?

Mental & Physical Health

42. Should Students Get Mental Health Days Off From School? 43. Is Struggle Essential to Happiness? 44. Does Every Country Need a ‘Loneliness Minister’? 45. Should Schools Teach Mindfulness? 46. Should All Children Be Vaccinated? 47. What Do You Think About Vegetarianism? 48. Do We Worry Too Much About Germs? 49. What Advice Should Parents and Counselors Give Teenagers About Sexting? 50. Do You Think Porn Influences the Way Teenagers Think About Sex?

Race & Gender

51. How Should Parents Teach Their Children About Race and Racism? 52. Is America ‘Backsliding’ on Race? 53. Should All Americans Receive Anti-Bias Education? 54. Should All Companies Require Anti-Bias Training for Employees? 55. Should Columbus Day Be Replaced With Indigenous Peoples Day? 56. Is Fear of ‘The Other’ Poisoning Public Life? 57. Should the Boy Scouts Be Coed? 58. What Is Hard About Being a Boy?

59. Can You Separate Art From the Artist? 60. Are There Subjects That Should Be Off-Limits to Artists, or to Certain Artists in Particular? 61. Should Art Come With Trigger Warnings? 62. Should Graffiti Be Protected? 63. Is the Digital Era Improving or Ruining the Experience of Art? 64. Are Museums Still Important in the Digital Age? 65. In the Age of Digital Streaming, Are Movie Theaters Still Relevant? 66. Is Hollywood Becoming More Diverse? 67. What Stereotypical Characters Make You Cringe? 68. Do We Need More Female Superheroes? 69. Do Video Games Deserve the Bad Rap They Often Get? 70. Should Musicians Be Allowed to Copy or Borrow From Other Artists? 71. Is Listening to a Book Just as Good as Reading It? 72. Is There Any Benefit to Reading Books You Hate?

73. Should Girls and Boys Sports Teams Compete in the Same League? 74. Should College Athletes Be Paid? 75. Are Youth Sports Too Competitive? 76. Is It Selfish to Pursue Risky Sports Like Extreme Mountain Climbing? 77. How Should We Punish Sports Cheaters? 78. Should Technology in Sports Be Limited? 79. Should Blowouts Be Allowed in Youth Sports? 80. Is It Offensive for Sports Teams and Their Fans to Use Native American Names, Imagery and Gestures?

81. Is It Wrong to Focus on Animal Welfare When Humans Are Suffering? 82. Should Extinct Animals Be Resurrected? If So, Which Ones? 83. Are Emotional-Support Animals a Scam? 84. Is Animal Testing Ever Justified? 85. Should We Be Concerned With Where We Get Our Pets? 86. Is This Exhibit Animal Cruelty or Art?

Parenting & Childhood

87. Who Should Decide Whether a Teenager Can Get a Tattoo or Piercing? 88. Is It Harder to Grow Up in the 21st Century Than It Was in the Past? 89. Should Parents Track Their Teenager’s Location? 90. Is Childhood Today Over-Supervised? 91. How Should Parents Talk to Their Children About Drugs? 92. What Should We Call Your Generation? 93. Do Other People Care Too Much About Your Post-High School Plans? 94. Do Parents Ever Cross a Line by Helping Too Much With Schoolwork? 95. What’s the Best Way to Discipline Children? 96. What Are Your Thoughts on ‘Snowplow Parents’? 97. Should Stay-at-Home Parents Be Paid? 98. When Do You Become an Adult?

Ethics & Morality

99. Why Do Bystanders Sometimes Fail to Help When They See Someone in Danger? 100. Is It Ethical to Create Genetically Edited Humans? 101. Should Reporters Ever Help the People They Are Covering? 102. Is It O.K. to Use Family Connections to Get a Job? 103. Is $1 Billion Too Much Money for Any One Person to Have? 104. Are We Being Bad Citizens If We Don’t Keep Up With the News? 105. Should Prisons Offer Incarcerated People Education Opportunities? 106. Should Law Enforcement Be Able to Use DNA Data From Genealogy Websites for Criminal Investigations? 107. Should We Treat Robots Like People?

Government & Politics

108. Does the United States Owe Reparations to the Descendants of Enslaved People? 109. Do You Think It Is Important for Teenagers to Participate in Political Activism? 110. Should the Voting Age Be Lowered to 16? 111. What Should Lawmakers Do About Guns and Gun Violence? 112. Should Confederate Statues Be Removed or Remain in Place? 113. Does the U.S. Constitution Need an Equal Rights Amendment? 114. Should National Monuments Be Protected by the Government? 115. Should Free Speech Protections Include Self Expression That Discriminates? 116. How Important Is Freedom of the Press? 117. Should Ex-Felons Have the Right to Vote? 118. Should Marijuana Be Legal? 119. Should the United States Abolish Daylight Saving Time? 120. Should We Abolish the Death Penalty? 121. Should the U.S. Ban Military-Style Semiautomatic Weapons? 122. Should the U.S. Get Rid of the Electoral College? 123. What Do You Think of President Trump’s Use of Twitter? 124. Should Celebrities Weigh In on Politics? 125. Why Is It Important for People With Different Political Beliefs to Talk to Each Other?

ESL Topics for a Research Paper

Thesis Topics Related to Language Learning and Acquisition

As the English language grows and spreads to more parts of the world, the field of English as a Second Language (ESL) is expanding as well. Students studying ESL education can consider several different topics and angles that would serve as good subjects for a research paper.

English Immersion

Schools abroad promote immersion as they best way to teach a child to become fluent in English. This may involve employing an English-only rule in the classroom, sending the children to overnight English-only camps or sending them to study English in an English-speaking country. A comparison of these methods to more traditional teaching methods would make a strong topic for a research paper.

Cultural Impact

The increase of ESL teachers and classes in other countries has had varying levels of impact on their way of life, cost of living, and in some cases, their native language. Choose three to five countries, preferably from different continents, and write a research paper comparing the ways in which ESL has affected their culture over the last decade.

Home versus Abroad

Educators interested in entering the field of ESL have the option of teaching or studying in the United States or abroad. The experience of teaching ESL varies greatly from country to country. Write a research paper comparing the salary, hours, case studies and living aspects of ESL teachers from three to five different locations. Or, write a persuasive essay comparing the details of teaching or studying ESL in the United States to teaching or studying ESL overseas.

ESL Training

ESL teachers can earn a variety of degrees and certificates. Some earn degrees in English, linguistic studies or education, while others pursue their Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) or Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA) certificates, as reflected on the TESOL and CELTA websites. Write a research paper comparing and contrasting these different programs and certificates, including costs, materials and international perceptions.

Specialty ESL

A variety of courses aim at teaching English only for a specific purpose, rather than aiming for fluency as a whole. Some professional adults, for example, enroll in Business English courses, which focus on learning appropriate phrases for interviews, emails and meetings. Several different angles would be appropriate for a research paper in this area. One option is to write about the effectiveness of these programs by researching how many students that chose this route were hired for a job as a result (using the Business English as an example). Another is to compare the benefits of a narrowly focused ESL program to a broad ESL program that promotes total fluency.

English Language Learner (ELL) Teacher Certification

Phonetic Research Paper Topics

Thesis Topics for Elementary Education

List of English Universities in Germany

The Advantages of Learning English

What Are the Problems With Teaching English as a Second Language?

How Long Does it Take to Get a Doctorate in English?

How to Get a Job Teaching Italian in Tokyo

Kara Page has been a freelance writer and editor since 2007. She maintains several blogs on travel, music, food and more. She is also a contributing writer for Suite101 and has articles published on eHow and Answerbag. Page holds a Bachelor of Music Education degree from the University of North Texas.

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

13.1 Formatting a Research Paper

Learning objectives.

Identify the major components of a research paper written using American Psychological Association (APA) style.
Apply general APA style and formatting conventions in a research paper.

In this chapter, you will learn how to use APA style , the documentation and formatting style followed by the American Psychological Association, as well as MLA style , from the Modern Language Association. There are a few major formatting styles used in academic texts, including AMA, Chicago, and Turabian:

AMA (American Medical Association) for medicine, health, and biological sciences
APA (American Psychological Association) for education, psychology, and the social sciences
Chicago—a common style used in everyday publications like magazines, newspapers, and books
MLA (Modern Language Association) for English, literature, arts, and humanities
Turabian—another common style designed for its universal application across all subjects and disciplines

While all the formatting and citation styles have their own use and applications, in this chapter we focus our attention on the two styles you are most likely to use in your academic studies: APA and MLA.

If you find that the rules of proper source documentation are difficult to keep straight, you are not alone. Writing a good research paper is, in and of itself, a major intellectual challenge. Having to follow detailed citation and formatting guidelines as well may seem like just one more task to add to an already-too-long list of requirements.

Following these guidelines, however, serves several important purposes. First, it signals to your readers that your paper should be taken seriously as a student’s contribution to a given academic or professional field; it is the literary equivalent of wearing a tailored suit to a job interview. Second, it shows that you respect other people’s work enough to give them proper credit for it. Finally, it helps your reader find additional materials if he or she wishes to learn more about your topic.

Furthermore, producing a letter-perfect APA-style paper need not be burdensome. Yes, it requires careful attention to detail. However, you can simplify the process if you keep these broad guidelines in mind:

Work ahead whenever you can. Chapter 11 “Writing from Research: What Will I Learn?” includes tips for keeping track of your sources early in the research process, which will save time later on.
Get it right the first time. Apply APA guidelines as you write, so you will not have much to correct during the editing stage. Again, putting in a little extra time early on can save time later.
Use the resources available to you. In addition to the guidelines provided in this chapter, you may wish to consult the APA website at http://www.apa.org or the Purdue University Online Writing lab at http://owl.english.purdue.edu , which regularly updates its online style guidelines.

General Formatting Guidelines

This chapter provides detailed guidelines for using the citation and formatting conventions developed by the American Psychological Association, or APA. Writers in disciplines as diverse as astrophysics, biology, psychology, and education follow APA style. The major components of a paper written in APA style are listed in the following box.

These are the major components of an APA-style paper:

Body, which includes the following:

Headings and, if necessary, subheadings to organize the content
In-text citations of research sources
References page

All these components must be saved in one document, not as separate documents.

The title page of your paper includes the following information:

Title of the paper
Author’s name
Name of the institution with which the author is affiliated
Header at the top of the page with the paper title (in capital letters) and the page number (If the title is lengthy, you may use a shortened form of it in the header.)

List the first three elements in the order given in the previous list, centered about one third of the way down from the top of the page. Use the headers and footers tool of your word-processing program to add the header, with the title text at the left and the page number in the upper-right corner. Your title page should look like the following example.

Beyond the Hype: Evaluating Low-Carb Diets cover page

The next page of your paper provides an abstract , or brief summary of your findings. An abstract does not need to be provided in every paper, but an abstract should be used in papers that include a hypothesis. A good abstract is concise—about one hundred fifty to two hundred fifty words—and is written in an objective, impersonal style. Your writing voice will not be as apparent here as in the body of your paper. When writing the abstract, take a just-the-facts approach, and summarize your research question and your findings in a few sentences.

In Chapter 12 “Writing a Research Paper” , you read a paper written by a student named Jorge, who researched the effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets. Read Jorge’s abstract. Note how it sums up the major ideas in his paper without going into excessive detail.

Write an abstract summarizing your paper. Briefly introduce the topic, state your findings, and sum up what conclusions you can draw from your research. Use the word count feature of your word-processing program to make sure your abstract does not exceed one hundred fifty words.

Depending on your field of study, you may sometimes write research papers that present extensive primary research, such as your own experiment or survey. In your abstract, summarize your research question and your findings, and briefly indicate how your study relates to prior research in the field.

Margins, Pagination, and Headings

APA style requirements also address specific formatting concerns, such as margins, pagination, and heading styles, within the body of the paper. Review the following APA guidelines.

Use these general guidelines to format the paper:

Set the top, bottom, and side margins of your paper at 1 inch.
Use double-spaced text throughout your paper.
Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, in a legible size (10- to 12-point).
Use continuous pagination throughout the paper, including the title page and the references section. Page numbers appear flush right within your header.
Section headings and subsection headings within the body of your paper use different types of formatting depending on the level of information you are presenting. Additional details from Jorge’s paper are provided.

Begin formatting the final draft of your paper according to APA guidelines. You may work with an existing document or set up a new document if you choose. Include the following:

Your title page
The abstract you created in Note 13.8 “Exercise 1”
Correct headers and page numbers for your title page and abstract

APA style uses section headings to organize information, making it easy for the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought and to know immediately what major topics are covered. Depending on the length and complexity of the paper, its major sections may also be divided into subsections, sub-subsections, and so on. These smaller sections, in turn, use different heading styles to indicate different levels of information. In essence, you are using headings to create a hierarchy of information.

The following heading styles used in APA formatting are listed in order of greatest to least importance:

Section headings use centered, boldface type. Headings use title case, with important words in the heading capitalized.
Subsection headings use left-aligned, boldface type. Headings use title case.
The third level uses left-aligned, indented, boldface type. Headings use a capital letter only for the first word, and they end in a period.
The fourth level follows the same style used for the previous level, but the headings are boldfaced and italicized.
The fifth level follows the same style used for the previous level, but the headings are italicized and not boldfaced.

Visually, the hierarchy of information is organized as indicated in Table 13.1 “Section Headings” .

Table 13.1 Section Headings

A college research paper may not use all the heading levels shown in Table 13.1 “Section Headings” , but you are likely to encounter them in academic journal articles that use APA style. For a brief paper, you may find that level 1 headings suffice. Longer or more complex papers may need level 2 headings or other lower-level headings to organize information clearly. Use your outline to craft your major section headings and determine whether any subtopics are substantial enough to require additional levels of headings.

Working with the document you developed in Note 13.11 “Exercise 2” , begin setting up the heading structure of the final draft of your research paper according to APA guidelines. Include your title and at least two to three major section headings, and follow the formatting guidelines provided above. If your major sections should be broken into subsections, add those headings as well. Use your outline to help you.

Because Jorge used only level 1 headings, his Exercise 3 would look like the following:

Citation Guidelines

In-text citations.

Throughout the body of your paper, include a citation whenever you quote or paraphrase material from your research sources. As you learned in Chapter 11 “Writing from Research: What Will I Learn?” , the purpose of citations is twofold: to give credit to others for their ideas and to allow your reader to follow up and learn more about the topic if desired. Your in-text citations provide basic information about your source; each source you cite will have a longer entry in the references section that provides more detailed information.

In-text citations must provide the name of the author or authors and the year the source was published. (When a given source does not list an individual author, you may provide the source title or the name of the organization that published the material instead.) When directly quoting a source, it is also required that you include the page number where the quote appears in your citation.

This information may be included within the sentence or in a parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence, as in these examples.

Epstein (2010) points out that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (p. 137).

Here, the writer names the source author when introducing the quote and provides the publication date in parentheses after the author’s name. The page number appears in parentheses after the closing quotation marks and before the period that ends the sentence.

Addiction researchers caution that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (Epstein, 2010, p. 137).

Here, the writer provides a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence that includes the author’s name, the year of publication, and the page number separated by commas. Again, the parenthetical citation is placed after the closing quotation marks and before the period at the end of the sentence.

As noted in the book Junk Food, Junk Science (Epstein, 2010, p. 137), “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive.”

Here, the writer chose to mention the source title in the sentence (an optional piece of information to include) and followed the title with a parenthetical citation. Note that the parenthetical citation is placed before the comma that signals the end of the introductory phrase.

David Epstein’s book Junk Food, Junk Science (2010) pointed out that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (p. 137).

Another variation is to introduce the author and the source title in your sentence and include the publication date and page number in parentheses within the sentence or at the end of the sentence. As long as you have included the essential information, you can choose the option that works best for that particular sentence and source.

Citing a book with a single author is usually a straightforward task. Of course, your research may require that you cite many other types of sources, such as books or articles with more than one author or sources with no individual author listed. You may also need to cite sources available in both print and online and nonprint sources, such as websites and personal interviews. Chapter 13 “APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting” , Section 13.2 “Citing and Referencing Techniques” and Section 13.3 “Creating a References Section” provide extensive guidelines for citing a variety of source types.

Writing at Work

APA is just one of several different styles with its own guidelines for documentation, formatting, and language usage. Depending on your field of interest, you may be exposed to additional styles, such as the following:

MLA style. Determined by the Modern Languages Association and used for papers in literature, languages, and other disciplines in the humanities.
Chicago style. Outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style and sometimes used for papers in the humanities and the sciences; many professional organizations use this style for publications as well.
Associated Press (AP) style. Used by professional journalists.

References List

The brief citations included in the body of your paper correspond to the more detailed citations provided at the end of the paper in the references section. In-text citations provide basic information—the author’s name, the publication date, and the page number if necessary—while the references section provides more extensive bibliographical information. Again, this information allows your reader to follow up on the sources you cited and do additional reading about the topic if desired.

The specific format of entries in the list of references varies slightly for different source types, but the entries generally include the following information:

The name(s) of the author(s) or institution that wrote the source
The year of publication and, where applicable, the exact date of publication
The full title of the source
For books, the city of publication
For articles or essays, the name of the periodical or book in which the article or essay appears
For magazine and journal articles, the volume number, issue number, and pages where the article appears
For sources on the web, the URL where the source is located

The references page is double spaced and lists entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. If an entry continues for more than one line, the second line and each subsequent line are indented five spaces. Review the following example. ( Chapter 13 “APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting” , Section 13.3 “Creating a References Section” provides extensive guidelines for formatting reference entries for different types of sources.)

In APA style, book and article titles are formatted in sentence case, not title case. Sentence case means that only the first word is capitalized, along with any proper nouns.

Key Takeaways

Following proper citation and formatting guidelines helps writers ensure that their work will be taken seriously, give proper credit to other authors for their work, and provide valuable information to readers.
Working ahead and taking care to cite sources correctly the first time are ways writers can save time during the editing stage of writing a research paper.
APA papers usually include an abstract that concisely summarizes the paper.
APA papers use a specific headings structure to provide a clear hierarchy of information.
In APA papers, in-text citations usually include the name(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication.
In-text citations correspond to entries in the references section, which provide detailed bibliographical information about a source.

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The rise of k-pop, and what it reveals about society and culture.

Initially a musical subculture popular in South Korea during the 1990s, Korean Pop, or K-pop, has transformed into a global cultural phenomenon.

Characterized by catchy hooks, polished choreography, grandiose live performances, and impeccably produced music videos, K-pop — including music by groups like BTS and BLACKPINK — now frequently tops the Billboard charts, attracts a fiercely dedicated online following, and generates billions of dollars.

Yale sociologist Grace Kao, who became fascinated with the music after watching a 2019 performance by BTS on Saturday Night Live, now studies the subgenres of K-pop and its cultural, sociological, and political effects.

Kao, the IBM Professor of Sociology and professor of ethnicity, race, and migration in Yale’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and director of the Center on Empirical Research in Stratification and Inequality (CERSI), recently spoke with Yale News about the kinds of research her interest in K-pop has prompted, why the genre’s rise has been important to so many Asian Americans, and why she urges today’s students to become familiar with various musical genres.

The interview has been edited and condensed.

You have said that watching BTS on Saturday Night Live changed your view of K-pop. How did that performance transform your interest in K-pop from a personal one into an academic one?

Grace Kao: I saw that performance, and it stayed in the back of my mind. Then, when we were on lockdown because of COVID, being stuck at home set the stage for having time to watch more K-pop videos. At first, I was just watching them for fun. I knew K-pop was something important, but I didn’t know anything about it. I thought “I should educate myself on this.” My current research collaborator, Wonseok Lee [an ethnomusicologist and a musician at Washington University], and a Yale graduate student, Meera Choi, who’s Korean, offered guidance.

I’ve always been interested in race and ethnicity and Asian Americans. I knew in my gut that K-pop was important, but it was hard to figure out exactly how I could work on it, since I’m a quantitative sociologist. What's fun about being a researcher and being in academia is that we can learn new things and push ourselves. I think that’s the best part of this job.

Grace Kao recommends this playlist to get started.

When I started working on it, I tried to learn without having a clear research question. Then, along with my collaborator, Lee, we started thinking about papers that we could work on together. I was also able to take first-semester Korean, so now I can read Korean, and Choi and I can begin working on different research papers.

What kinds of research are you doing?

Kao: One paper is about the link between ’80s synth-pop and very current K-pop. Others have argued that K-pop borrows heavily from American Black music — R&B, hip hop, and so forth. And it’s true, but we’re arguing that K-pop has links to all these different genres because the production is much faster. We also finished another paper looking at the links between New Wave synth-pop to Japanese city pop [which was also popular in the 1980s] and a Korean version of city pop. And we’re probably going to start a reggae paper next.

In another project, with two data scientists we’re looking at Twitter data related to a 2021 BTS tweet that happened about a week after a gunman in Atlanta murdered eight women, including six of Asian descent. The tweet, which was about #StopAsianHate, or #StopAAPIHate, was the most retweeted tweet of the year. Everyone in that world knows that K-pop is extremely influential, but there are moments now where it seems like it’s ripe for political action because fans are already really organized. We’re looking at how the conversation about the shootings before and after they tweeted changed. The analysis involves millions of tweets, so it's very data intensive work.

Last March you gave a talk on campus in which you talked about the role of K-pop in “transformative possibilities for Asian Americans.” What is an example of those possibilities?

Kao: Partly it’s just visibility. The SNL performance by BTS was really important for people. Especially people my age, we had never seen a bunch of East Asian people on the stage singing in a non-English, non-Western language. I knew that was an important moment regardless of whether or not you like the music or the performance.

I think during COVID, BTS made Asian faces more visible. They were on the cover of Time magazine, every major publication. They were everywhere. But it also brought up questions of xenophobia. People were making fun of them because of how they looked. At the time there was also the extra baggage that comes with being Asian. But any time BTS were attacked, because their fandom is so big and so passionate, their fans would jump on anyone who did anything to them. Then journalists would cover it, and suddenly there were all these stories about how you shouldn’t be racist against Asians.

Many of us who study Asian Americans have observed over time that it often seems acceptable for people to make fun of Asian things. Just by virtue of the fact that it’s [BTS], that their fans are protecting them, and that that gets elevated to the news is a big deal. President Biden invited them to the White House. These are all things I would have had trouble imagining even just five years ago.

You teach a first-year seminar, “Race and Place in British New Wave, K-pop, and Beyond,” which focuses on the emphasis on aesthetics in both genres’ popularity. What understanding do you hope students walk away with?

Kao: I want students to take pop culture very seriously. Sometimes pop music seems not serious, but so many people consume it that it can have pervasive and serious consequences on how people see folks of different race, ethnic, gender, and national identities.

Another thing I wanted students to learn about is genres of music. Students today like music, but they consume it very differently than people did when in college. We listened to the radio or watched MTV, so we were fed something from a DJ or from actual people who were programming the content. You’d end up listening to a lot of music that you didn’t like, but you’d also have a better sense of genres than students now. Today students consume music through Spotify or YouTube and so forth, which use algorithms to give you songs that are similar to the songs you liked, but not necessarily from the same genre. Students can have diverse and wide-ranging experiences with music, but I found that they have trouble identifying that any particular song is part of a genre. So I feel like it’s important for them to listen to a lot of music.

I want them to consume it because sometimes we think we can comment on things that we don’t know anything about. We don’t actually consume it. I think it’s important for students to walk away knowing something about these genres and to be able to identify them: this is a reggae song, this is a ska song, this is synth-pop, et cetera.

What K-pop groups are you currently into?

Kao: Besides BTS, I enjoy listening to groups such as SEVENTEEN, ENHYPEN, NewJeans, Super Junior, and new group TRENDZ.

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Read our research on: World Leaders | Artificial Intelligence | Science Issues

Regions & Countries

Views of india lean positive across 23 countries, among indians, modi and india’s global influence are viewed favorably.

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrives at the G20 leaders' summit in Nusa Dua, Indonesia, in November 2022. (Mast Irham/AFP via Getty Images)

The Pew Research Center looked at views of India and its prime minister in 23 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The report also explores how Indians think their country compares to others in terms of international influence, and how they see their country’s political leaders. This is the first year since 2019 that the Global Attitudes Survey has included countries from Africa and Latin America due to the coronavirus outbreak .

For data from countries outside of India and the U.S., this report draws on nationally representative surveys of 24,674 adults conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023. All surveys were conducted over the phone with adults in Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Surveys were conducted face to face in Hungary, Poland, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. In Australia, we used a mixed-mode probability-based online panel.

In India, we surveyed 2,611 Indian adults from March 25 to May 11, 2023. The survey was conducted face to face and is weighted to be representative of the Indian adult population by gender, age, education, region, urbanicity and other categories.

In the United States, we surveyed 3,576 U.S. adults from March 20 to 26, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for the report , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

Next week, political leaders are gathering in New Delhi for the annual G20 summit , the first ever to be held in South Asia. As international attention is drawn to India, a new Pew Research Center survey finds that views of India are generally positive across 23 countries.

A median of 46% of adults hold a favorable view of India, while a median of 34% have unfavorable views. In comparison, views of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which were collected in a subset of 12 countries, are more mixed: A 37% median say they have confidence in Modi, and a 40% median say they lack confidence in him.

A map showing that India receives moderately positive ratings across countries surveyed.

The new survey examines views of India and its political leaders in and outside of India, as well as Indians’ views of other countries. The survey includes eight middle-income nations that Pew Research Center has not surveyed since 2019, before the outbreak of COVID-19, due to the challenges of conducting face-to-face interviews during the pandemic. Below are some of the key findings from the survey of 30,861 people in 24 countries, including India, conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023:

Indians are more likely than others to believe India’s power is on the rise. Around seven-in-ten Indians believe their country has recently become more influential, compared with a median of 28% across 19 countries who said the same in 2022. In those 19 countries, respondents were most inclined to say that India’s influence had not changed much in recent years (48% median), but only 19% of Indians agree with this view. Indians are just as likely as those in other countries to think India’s influence has become weaker in recent years (13% vs. a 19-country median of 13%).
Modi is popular in India, but has more mixed reviews internationally. About eight-in-ten Indians (79%) have a favorable view of Modi, including a majority of 55% with a very favorable view. In comparison, a median of 37% in 12 countries, most of which are middle-income, report having confidence in Modi to make the right foreign policy choices. Kenyans are especially confident, with 60% saying they trust Modi to do the right thing regarding world affairs, while Argentines are particularly skeptical. Just 12% in Argentina have confidence in the Indian leader. At least one-in-ten in each of these countries also do not offer an opinion on Modi.

A series of five line charts showing a drop in favorability of India in five European countries from 2008 to 2023.

European attitudes toward India have turned more negative over time. Favorable views of India have declined by roughly 10 percentage points or more in all five of the European countries where past data is available. The greatest change is seen in France, where just 39% now have a favorable view of India, compared with 70% in 2008. Notably, French adults are also less likely than they were in 2008 to share an opinion on India. In all other countries, people are more or about as likely to offer an opinion on India as they were in 2008.

A dot plot showing views of the U.S., Russia and China around the world, with India expressing positive views of the U.S. and Russia but not China.

Indians stand out for their favorable views of Russia. Whereas a median of only 14% across 22 countries have a positive view of Russia, a 57% majority of Indians see Russia favorably. Indians are also the most likely to have confidence in Russian President Vladimir Putin to do the right thing regarding world affairs among all publics surveyed. Likewise, the United States is seen more favorably in India (65%) than in many other countries surveyed. When it comes to China, India stands out for the opposite reason: It is the only middle-income country surveyed where a majority has unfavorable views of China.
International views of India and Modi
Indians’ views of Modi and other national leaders
Indians’ views of India
Indians’ views of other countries
Negative attitudes toward Pakistan persist in India. Roughly three-quarters of Indian adults hold an unfavorable view of Pakistan. This includes 57% who have a very unfavorable opinion. Indians’ views of Pakistan have consistently been unfavorable since the question was first asked in 2013, with the share holding an unfavorable view of the country never dipping below 60%.
Outside of India, substantial shares in many countries surveyed do not offer an opinion on India and on Modi. In the U.S., this includes 40% who report having never heard of Modi . Some groups are more inclined to provide a response to the two questions: This includes men and those with more education in several countries. Younger adults are also generally more likely to offer an opinion on India. Within India, a quarter or more do not offer an opinion of Indian National Congress (INC) leaders Mallikarjun Kharge and Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury.

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Table of contents, international attitudes toward the u.s., nato and russia in a time of crisis, modest warming in u.s. views on israel and palestinians, iran widely criticized in 14 advanced economies, before soleimani’s death, concerns about iran had fallen in many countries – including the u.s., u.s. public has favorable view of israel’s people, but is less positive toward its government, most popular.

About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Political Sentiment and Innovation: Evidence from Patenters

We document political sentiment effects on US inventors. Democratic inventors are more likely to patent (relative to Republicans) after the 2008 election of Obama but less likely after the 2016 election of Trump. These effects are 2-3 times as strong among politically active partisans and are present even within firms over time. Patenting by immigrant inventors (relative to non-immigrants) also falls following Trump’s election. Finally, we show partisan concentration by technology class and firm. This concentration aggregates up to more patenting in Democrat-dominated technologies (e.g., Biotechnology) compared to Republican-dominated technologies (e.g., Weapons) following the 2008 election of Obama.

We have nothing to disclose. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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In addition to working papers , the NBER disseminates affiliates’ latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the NBER Reporter , the NBER Digest , the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability , the Bulletin on Health , and the Bulletin on Entrepreneurship — as well as online conference reports , video lectures , and interviews .

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