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Python Logical Operators with Examples

Operators are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are the special symbols that carry out arithmetic and logical computations. The value the operator operates on is known as Operand .

Table of Content Logical operators Logical AND operator Logical OR operator Logical NOT operator Order of evaluation of logical operators

Logical operators

In Python, Logical operators are used on conditional statements (either True or False). They perform Logical AND , Logical OR and Logical NOT operations.

The truth table for all combinations of values of X and Y.

Truth Table

Logical AND operator

Example #2:  

Note: If the first expression evaluated to be false while using and operator, then the further expressions are not evaluated.

Logical OR operator

  Example #2:  

Note: If the first expression evaluated to be True while using or operator, then the further expressions are not evaluated.

Logical not operator

Order of evaluation of logical operators.

In the case of multiple operators, Python always evaluates the expression from left to right. This can be verified by the below example. Example:  

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Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

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Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator Precedence

Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.

Parentheses has the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside parentheses must be evaluated first:

Multiplication * has higher precedence than addition + , and therefor multiplications are evaluated before additions:

The precedence order is described in the table below, starting with the highest precedence at the top:

If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.

Addition + and subtraction - has the same precedence, and therefor we evaluate the expression from left to right:

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How to use AND Operator in Python IF Statement?

• If Statement with AND Operator
• Python If-Else Statement with AND Operator
• Python elif Statement with AND Operator

Python IF AND

You can combine multiple conditions into a single expression in Python conditional statements like Python if, if-else and elif statements. This avoids writing multiple nested if statements unnecessarily.

In the following examples, we will see how we can use Python AND logical operator to form a compound logical expression.

1. If Statement with AND Operator

In the following example, we will learn how to use AND logical operator, in Python If statement, to join two boolean conditions to form a compound expression.

To demonstrate the advantage of and operator , we will first write a nested if, and then a simple if statement where in this simple if statement realizes the same functionality as that of nested if.

Python Program

Here, our use case is that, we have to print a message when a equals 5 and b is greater than 0 . Without using and operator, we can only write a nested if statement, to program out functionality. When we used logical and operator, we could reduce the number of if statements to one.

2. Python If-Else Statement with AND Operator

In the following example, we will use and operator to combine two basic conditional expressions in boolean expression of Python If-Else statement.

3. Python elif Statement with AND Operator

In the following example, we will use and operator to combine two basic conditional expressions in boolean expression of Python elif statement.

In this tutorial of Python Examples , we learned how to use Python and logical operator with Python conditional statement: if, if-else and elif with well detailed examples.

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operator — Standard operators as functions ¶

Source code: Lib/operator.py

The operator module exports a set of efficient functions corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example, operator.add(x, y) is equivalent to the expression x+y . Many function names are those used for special methods, without the double underscores. For backward compatibility, many of these have a variant with the double underscores kept. The variants without the double underscores are preferred for clarity.

The functions fall into categories that perform object comparisons, logical operations, mathematical operations and sequence operations.

The object comparison functions are useful for all objects, and are named after the rich comparison operators they support:

Perform “rich comparisons” between a and b . Specifically, lt(a, b) is equivalent to a < b , le(a, b) is equivalent to a <= b , eq(a, b) is equivalent to a == b , ne(a, b) is equivalent to a != b , gt(a, b) is equivalent to a > b and ge(a, b) is equivalent to a >= b . Note that these functions can return any value, which may or may not be interpretable as a Boolean value. See Comparisons for more information about rich comparisons.

The logical operations are also generally applicable to all objects, and support truth tests, identity tests, and boolean operations:

Return the outcome of not obj . (Note that there is no __not__() method for object instances; only the interpreter core defines this operation. The result is affected by the __bool__() and __len__() methods.)

Return True if obj is true, and False otherwise. This is equivalent to using the bool constructor.

Return a is b . Tests object identity.

Return a is not b . Tests object identity.

The mathematical and bitwise operations are the most numerous:

Return the absolute value of obj .

Return a + b , for a and b numbers.

Return the bitwise and of a and b .

Return a // b .

Return a converted to an integer. Equivalent to a.__index__() .

Changed in version 3.10: The result always has exact type int . Previously, the result could have been an instance of a subclass of int .

Return the bitwise inverse of the number obj . This is equivalent to ~obj .

Return a shifted left by b .

Return a % b .

Return a * b , for a and b numbers.

Return a @ b .

New in version 3.5.

Return obj negated ( -obj ).

Return the bitwise or of a and b .

Return obj positive ( +obj ).

Return a ** b , for a and b numbers.

Return a shifted right by b .

Return a - b .

Return a / b where 2/3 is .66 rather than 0. This is also known as “true” division.

Return the bitwise exclusive or of a and b .

Operations which work with sequences (some of them with mappings too) include:

Return a + b for a and b sequences.

Return the outcome of the test b in a . Note the reversed operands.

Return the number of occurrences of b in a .

Remove the value of a at index b .

Return the value of a at index b .

Return the index of the first of occurrence of b in a .

Set the value of a at index b to c .

Return an estimated length for the object obj . First try to return its actual length, then an estimate using object.__length_hint__() , and finally return the default value.

New in version 3.4.

The following operation works with callables:

Return obj(*args, **kwargs) .

New in version 3.11.

The operator module also defines tools for generalized attribute and item lookups. These are useful for making fast field extractors as arguments for map() , sorted() , itertools.groupby() , or other functions that expect a function argument.

Return a callable object that fetches attr from its operand. If more than one attribute is requested, returns a tuple of attributes. The attribute names can also contain dots. For example:

After f = attrgetter('name') , the call f(b) returns b.name .

After f = attrgetter('name', 'date') , the call f(b) returns (b.name, b.date) .

After f = attrgetter('name.first', 'name.last') , the call f(b) returns (b.name.first, b.name.last) .

Equivalent to:

Return a callable object that fetches item from its operand using the operand’s __getitem__() method. If multiple items are specified, returns a tuple of lookup values. For example:

After f = itemgetter(2) , the call f(r) returns r[2] .

After g = itemgetter(2, 5, 3) , the call g(r) returns (r[2], r[5], r[3]) .

The items can be any type accepted by the operand’s __getitem__() method. Dictionaries accept any hashable value. Lists, tuples, and strings accept an index or a slice:

Example of using itemgetter() to retrieve specific fields from a tuple record:

Return a callable object that calls the method name on its operand. If additional arguments and/or keyword arguments are given, they will be given to the method as well. For example:

After f = methodcaller('name') , the call f(b) returns b.name() .

After f = methodcaller('name', 'foo', bar=1) , the call f(b) returns b.name('foo', bar=1) .

Mapping Operators to Functions ¶

This table shows how abstract operations correspond to operator symbols in the Python syntax and the functions in the operator module.

In-place Operators ¶

Many operations have an “in-place” version. Listed below are functions providing a more primitive access to in-place operators than the usual syntax does; for example, the statement x += y is equivalent to x = operator.iadd(x, y) . Another way to put it is to say that z = operator.iadd(x, y) is equivalent to the compound statement z = x; z += y .

In those examples, note that when an in-place method is called, the computation and assignment are performed in two separate steps. The in-place functions listed below only do the first step, calling the in-place method. The second step, assignment, is not handled.

For immutable targets such as strings, numbers, and tuples, the updated value is computed, but not assigned back to the input variable:

For mutable targets such as lists and dictionaries, the in-place method will perform the update, so no subsequent assignment is necessary:

a = iadd(a, b) is equivalent to a += b .

a = iand(a, b) is equivalent to a &= b .

a = iconcat(a, b) is equivalent to a += b for a and b sequences.

a = ifloordiv(a, b) is equivalent to a //= b .

a = ilshift(a, b) is equivalent to a <<= b .

a = imod(a, b) is equivalent to a %= b .

a = imul(a, b) is equivalent to a *= b .

a = imatmul(a, b) is equivalent to a @= b .

a = ior(a, b) is equivalent to a |= b .

a = ipow(a, b) is equivalent to a **= b .

a = irshift(a, b) is equivalent to a >>= b .

a = isub(a, b) is equivalent to a -= b .

a = itruediv(a, b) is equivalent to a /= b .

a = ixor(a, b) is equivalent to a ^= b .

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• In-place Operators

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How to Use Conditional Statements in Python – Examples of if, else, and elif

Conditional statements are an essential part of programming in Python. They allow you to make decisions based on the values of variables or the result of comparisons.

In this article, we'll explore how to use if, else, and elif statements in Python, along with some examples of how to use them in practice.

How to Use the if Statement in Python

The if statement allows you to execute a block of code if a certain condition is true. Here's the basic syntax:

The condition can be any expression that evaluates to a Boolean value (True or False). If the condition is True, the code block indented below the if statement will be executed. If the condition is False, the code block will be skipped.

Here's an example of how to use an if statement to check if a number is positive:

In this example, we use the > operator to compare the value of num to 0. If num is greater than 0, the code block indented below the if statement will be executed, and the message "The number is positive." will be printed.

How to Use the else Statement in Python

The else statement allows you to execute a different block of code if the if condition is False. Here's the basic syntax:

If the condition is True, the code block indented below the if statement will be executed, and the code block indented below the else statement will be skipped.

If the condition is False, the code block indented below the else statement will be executed, and the code block indented below the if statement will be skipped.

Here's an example of how to use an if-else statement to check if a number is positive or negative:

In this example, we use an if-else statement to check if num is greater than 0. If it is, the message "The number is positive." is printed. If it is not (that is, num is negative or zero), the message "The number is negative." is printed.

How to Use the elif Statement in Python

The elif statement allows you to check multiple conditions in sequence, and execute different code blocks depending on which condition is true. Here's the basic syntax:

The elif statement is short for "else if", and can be used multiple times to check additional conditions.

Here's an example of how to use an if-elif-else statement to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero:

Use Cases For Conditional Statements

Example 1: checking if a number is even or odd..

In this example, we use the modulus operator (%) to check if num is evenly divisible by 2.

If the remainder of num divided by 2 is 0, the condition num % 2 == 0 is True, and the code block indented below the if statement will be executed. It will print the message "The number is even."

If the remainder is not 0, the condition is False, and the code block indented below the else statement will be executed, printing the message "The number is odd."

Example 2: Assigning a letter grade based on a numerical score

In this example, we use an if-elif-else statement to assign a letter grade based on a numerical score.

The if statement checks if the score is greater than or equal to 90. If it is, the grade is set to "A". If not, the first elif statement checks if the score is greater than or equal to 80. If it is, the grade is set to "B". If not, the second elif statement checks if the score is greater than or equal to 70, and so on. If none of the conditions are met, the else statement assigns the grade "F".

Example 3: Checking if a year is a leap year

In this example, we use nested if statements to check if a year is a leap year. A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for years that are divisible by 100 but not divisible by 400.

The outer if statement checks if year is divisible by 4. If it is, the inner if statement checks if it is also divisible by 100. If it is, the innermost if statement checks if it is divisible by 400. If it is, the code block indented below that statement will be executed, printing the message "is a leap year."

If it is not, the code block indented below the else statement inside the inner if statement will be executed, printing the message "is not a leap year.".

If the year is not divisible by 4, the code block indented below the else statement of the outer if statement will be executed, printing the message "is not a leap year."

Example 4: Checking if a string contains a certain character

In this example, we use the in operator to check if the character char is present in the string string. If it is, the condition char in string is True, and the code block indented below the if statement will be executed, printing the message "The string contains the character" followed by the character itself.

If char is not present in string, the condition is False, and the code block indented below the else statement will be executed, printing the message "The string does not contain the character" followed by the character itself.

Conditional statements (if, else, and elif) are fundamental programming constructs that allow you to control the flow of your program based on conditions that you specify. They provide a way to make decisions in your program and execute different code based on those decisions.

In this article, we have seen several examples of how to use these statements in Python, including checking if a number is even or odd, assigning a letter grade based on a numerical score, checking if a year is a leap year, and checking if a string contains a certain character.

By mastering these statements, you can create more powerful and versatile programs that can handle a wider range of tasks and scenarios.

It is important to keep in mind that proper indentation is crucial when using conditional statements in Python, as it determines which code block is executed based on the condition.

With practice, you will become proficient in using these statements to create more complex and effective Python programs.

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Guide to the Python or Operator

• Introduction

The or operator is one of the three existing logical operators in Python ( and , or , not ), which perform a logical evaluation of the passed operands.

In simple terms, when two operands are passed, it will decide whether the final value of the created logical expression is True or False . The mechanism used to evaluate the value of the final expression is based on the set of rules known as Boolean algebra .

In this guide, we'll cover the or operator in Python as well as its most common use cases.

• or Operator Basics

Python's or operator just performs logical disjunction on the two provided operands. Assuming that the operands are simply two Boolean values , the rule on how to use the or operator is pretty straight-forward:

If either one of two operands has the value True , the whole expression has the value True . In all other cases, the whole expression has the value False .

Now let's take a look at the truth table of the or operator:

This table describes the law of logical disjunction. By looking at this table, we can see that the or operator produces False as the result only if both of the operands are False as well.

All of this leads us to the concept of lazy evaluation . A mechanism used to optimize calculations of mathematical operations. In this particular case, it is used to speed up the process of evaluating Boolean expressions with the or operator.

We already know that an or expression results in a True value if either of its two operands is True . Therefore, in a Boolean expression consisting of multiple operands, it is completely unnecessary to evaluate each one of them individually.

It's enough just to read the values of operands one after the other. When we come across a True for the first time, we can safely just ignore all of the other operands and just evaluate the whole expression as True .

On the other hand, if there is no operand with the value True , we must evaluate the whole expression with the value False . That is the basic principle of lazy evaluation - don't evaluate if you don't have to.

• Using or on Boolean Variables

The or operator in Python is used to evaluate two of its operands. In this section, we'll focus on the case where both of the operands have Boolean values. In some cases, the or operator can be used with non-Boolean values, which we'll discuss in the following sections.

Let's take a look at how to use the or operator with two Boolean values:

In this example, we can see how the or operator evaluates expressions consisting only of simple Boolean values. As described in the previous sections, this piece of code will have the following output:

In the previous example, we've named Boolean expressions result1 and result2 . That way, we've created two Boolean variables with values True and False , respectively.

Those two variables can be used as the operands of another Boolean expression and, therefore, could be considered as subexpressions of the more complex Boolean expression. That's the general principle used to build more complex Boolean expressions layer by layer:

As expected, this will output:

result4 is a complex Boolean expression consisting of multiple subexpressions and Boolean values. Let's take a look at the process of unfolding it:

Based on the associative law for the or operator, we know that the order in which we apply the operator doesn't have an impact on the value of the Boolean expression, so there is no need for brackets. Therefore, we can transform result4 one step further by deleting all of the brackets:

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• Using or on Non-Boolean Variables

The or operator in Python can also be used with variables other than Boolean. You can even mix and match Boolean variables with non-Boolean variables. In this section, we'll go over some examples that illustrate the usage of the or operator with variables of different data types.

Generally speaking, any object or a variable in Python is considered to be True unless its class has a predefined __bool__() method that returns False or a __len__() method that returns 0 .

In simple terms that means that only objects considered to be False are those which are predefined to be False or those which are empty - empty lists, tuples, strings, dictionaries... The Official Python documentation gives us the list of some of the most common built-in objects considered to be False :

• Constants defined to be false: None and False .
• Zero of any numeric type: 0 , 0.0 , 0j , Decimal(0) , Fraction(0, 1)
• Empty sequences and collections: '' , () , [] , {} , set() , range(0)

Note: These are also known as Falsy Values - the ones you'd intuitively be able to reduce to a False boolean value. The opposite values are Truthy Values .

Another very important fact is that the or operator in this case returns the actual object , not the True/False value of the object.

Let's take a look at the example that illustrates mentioned behavior:

As stated before, the first operand - {} (empty dictionary) is considered to be False and the second operand - 'This is a string' (not an empty string) is considered to be True . This means that the previous expression is implicitly transformed to:

Here, exp is evaluated to True . But, when we try to print the original exp value, instead of True , the output will be:

This example illustrates the case when the or operator returns the object itself instead of its True/False value. To sum this behavior up, we can illustrate it with the altered (truth) table of the or operator:

This also applies when we combine usual Boolean values and objects in Boolean expressions.

If the expression contains at least one value that is considered to be True , the value of the expression is True , but the return value can vary based on the first True element in it.

If the first True operand to be found in the expression is a simple Boolean value, the return value will be True , but if the first True element is some sort of an object, the return value will be that object itself. For example, the following expression will return True :

And the following expression will return [1, 2, 3] , which is the first True operand found:

On the other hand, if a Boolean expression is False , meaning that no True operand was found, its return value will be its last operand, either object or False :

In this guide, we've explained the usage of the or operator in Python. We've introduced the syntax in Python and described how the or operator evaluates Boolean expressions and how it determine the proper return value based on the operands.

Besides its primary usage for evaluating Boolean expressions, the or operator can also be pretty useful in some other use cases.

Its features make it a good choice when you need to set default values for some variables or a default return value of a function and much more, but those special use cases are far beyond the scope of this article, so we'll let you explore all the use cases that the or operator can be utilized in.

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Python or operator

The ‘or’ in Python is a logical operator that evaluates as True if any of the operands is True, unlike the ‘and’ operator where all operands have to be True.

For example, if we check x == 10 and y == 20 in the if condition. If either of the expression is True, the code inside the if statement will execute. This is demonstrated in the example below.

An example of OR operator

In the following example, the value of variable int_x = 10 and int_y = 20. The values of these variables are checked in the if statement with OR operator.

Python code:

Even the value of int_y is not less than 20 and it is False, still the if statement evaluated True so the statement inside if statement executed.

User input example with OR operator

For this example, the value for x and y variables are taken by the user input.

If the value of x >= 10 or y <= 20, the if statement should evaluate as True. I have entered three different set of values and see the output:

So, How OR operator works?

For understanding the concept of OR operator, have a look at the following example. Suppose we have (x or y).

The OR operator will only evaluate the y if x is False. If x was True, it will not check y.

In the case of AND operator , if x is True, it will evaluate y. If x is False then y will not be evaluated.

See this demonstration in the code below:

Hope it clears how Python OR operator works.

Using multiple OR operator example

You may evaluate more than two expressions by using the OR operator. For demonstrating this, I have declared and assigned values to three variables.

The OR operator is used twice in the if statement to evaluate three expressions. If either of the three expressions is True, the print function inside the if statement should display the message.

If all are False, the statement in the else block should execute:

You can see, only one expression out of three is True, so the if statement is True.

A Demo of ‘or’ and ‘and’ operator

Can we use the ‘or’ and ‘and’ operator in single if statement and if it works? Yes, we may use it depending on the scenario.

See an example of using the ‘and’ and ‘or’ operators in single if statement.

In that case, both OR operators must be true to make if statement True. If one is True and the other is False, the ‘AND’ operator evaluates as False.

So if variable values are a=5, b= 10, c = 15, d= 20 then:

• (a == 5 or b == 15) and (c == 16 or d == 20) = True
• (a == 5 or b == 15) and (c == 16 or d == 21) = False
• (a == 10 or b == 15) and (c == 16 or d == 20) = True
• (a == 8 or b == 13) and (c == 15 or d == 20) = False

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note.nkmk.me

Conditional expression (ternary operator) in python.

Python has a conditional expression (sometimes called a "ternary operator"). You can write operations like if statements in one line with conditional expressions.

• 6. Expressions - Conditional expressions — Python 3.11.3 documentation

Basics of the conditional expression (ternary operator)

If ... elif ... else ... by conditional expressions, list comprehensions and conditional expressions, lambda expressions and conditional expressions.

See the following article for if statements in Python.

• Python if statements (if, elif, else)

In Python, the conditional expression is written as follows.

The condition is evaluated first. If condition is True , X is evaluated and its value is returned, and if condition is False , Y is evaluated and its value is returned.

If you want to switch the value based on a condition, simply use the desired values in the conditional expression.

If you want to switch between operations based on a condition, simply describe each corresponding expression in the conditional expression.

An expression that does not return a value (i.e., an expression that returns None ) is also acceptable in a conditional expression. Depending on the condition, either expression will be evaluated and executed.

The above example is equivalent to the following code written with an if statement.

You can also combine multiple conditions using logical operators such as and or or .

• Boolean operators in Python (and, or, not)

By combining conditional expressions, you can write an operation like if ... elif ... else ... in one line.

However, it is difficult to understand, so it may be better not to use it often.

The following two interpretations are possible, but the expression is processed as the first one.

In the sample code below, which includes three expressions, the first expression is interpreted like the second, rather than the third:

By using conditional expressions in list comprehensions, you can apply operations to the elements of the list based on the condition.

See the following article for details on list comprehensions.

• List comprehensions in Python

Conditional expressions are also useful when you want to apply an operation similar to an if statement within lambda expressions.

In the example above, the lambda expression is assigned to a variable for convenience, but this is not recommended by PEP8.

Refer to the following article for more details on lambda expressions.

• Lambda expressions in Python

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Python If-Else Statement with OR Operator in Condition/Expression | Example code

• July 20, 2021 July 20, 2021

Example code use or operator to combine two basic conditional expressions in Python If-Else Statement.

In the example taking input value from the user.

Note: IDE:  PyCharm  2021.3.3 (Community Edition) Windows 10 Python 3.10.1 All  Python Examples are in Python 3 , so Maybe its different from python 2 or upgraded versions.

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Casting inside a ternary operator causes underflow

I have the following snippet of code

To my surprise, the stream output is:

first check: -1

second check: 4294967295

whereas I would've expected both checks to return -1, given that they're basically the same exact expression.

I read the documentation and it says that the operator "?" should convert the 2 values to a common type, so I would've expected int64_t to be picked(which would allow for both datatypes to be represented) but this is clearly not the case and instead uint32_t is chosen, which causes the underflow when casted to -1.

Can someone explain to me what's going on here?

• conditional-operator

• Aside, there is no such thing as "integer underflow". –  n. m. could be an AI Aug 31 at 8:24
• @n.m.couldbeanAI there is, but you need to be using binary - , -= or -- , you don't get underflow with unary - –  Caleth Aug 31 at 8:27
• @Caleth Underflow only exists in floating point arithmetic. Integers only have overflow, whether you add, subtract, or multiply. –  n. m. could be an AI Aug 31 at 8:30
• @n.m.couldbeanAI that's not the definition I'm familiar with. I would call wraparound the grouping of overflow and underflow –  Caleth Aug 31 at 8:33
• @n.m.couldbeanAI the terminology "underflow" as "overflow" on the negative end is commonly accepted. See Wikipedia article on integer overflow . See C++ Core Guidelines ES.104 Don't underflow . –  Jan Schultke Aug 31 at 8:37

2 Answers 2

The conditional operator converts its operands to a common type. In your case:

The two sides of conditional operator are of type uint32_t and int respectively. Assuming that uint32_t is a type alias for unsigned int , the -1 (of type int ) is converted to unsigned int . In other words, the statement is equivalent to:

int64_t can represent all values of uint32_t , so the conversion uint32_t -> int64_t doesn't change the value.

Converting int to unsigned in such cases is decision that dates back to C (see also What happens when I mix signed and unsigned types in C++? ).

The common type of the expression (false) ? static_cast<uint32_t>(some_val) : (-1) is either uint32_t or unsigned int , but on many platforms those are the same type. The type you are assigning to doesn't change that.

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Trouble with Conditional Formatting in Excel using Python

Hello everyone,

I’m working on a Python script to perform conditional formatting on an Excel spreadsheet. The goal is to format cells based on specific conditions. I’ve been following a logic that compares values in certain cells to dynamic values from other cells.

However, I’m encountering a challenge where the formatting isn’t being applied as expected. Even though I’ve tried different approaches, I can’t seem to get the desired behavior.

• I have an Excel file with data in columns B, C, D, and E.
• I’m comparing values in rows 6 to 16 against dynamic values from B2, C2, D2, and E2.
• If the value in a cell is less than or equal to the negative dynamic value, I want to format the cell’s font color as red.

import openpyxl

Load the Excel file and sheet

workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testing.xlsx’) sheet = workbook[‘Set1’]

Get the dynamic values from B2, C2, D2, and E2

dynamic_value_b = sheet[‘B2’].value dynamic_value_c = sheet[‘C2’].value dynamic_value_d = sheet[‘D2’].value dynamic_value_e = sheet[‘E2’].value

Loop through columns B, C, D, and E

for col in range(2, 6): # Columns B to E dynamic_value = [dynamic_value_b, dynamic_value_c, dynamic_value_d, dynamic_value_e][col - 2] # Choose the corresponding dynamic value negative_dynamic_value = -dynamic_value # Calculate the negative dynamic value print(f"Negative Dynamic value from Column {chr(ord(‘A’) + col - 1)}: {negative_dynamic_value}")

Save the modified Excel file

workbook.save(‘modified_testing.xlsx’) print(“Modified Excel file saved.”)

A sample of my Data on which i am applying the code

Dynamic value in B2: 0.0099 Dynamic value in C2: 0.0252 Dynamic value in D2: 0.0185 Dynamic value in E2: 0.0115 Values in column B from row 6 to 16: B6: -0.0166 B7: 0.0427 B8: 0.0058 B9: -0.034 B10: -0.0048 B11: -0.0141 B12: 0.0091 B13: -0.0032 B14: 0.0008 B15: 0.0246 B16: 0.0119

Values in column C from row 6 to 16: C6: -0.0355 C7: -0.0279 C8: 0.0411 C9: 0.0251 C10: -0.0267 C11: -0.0216 C12: 0.0551 C13: 0.0111 C14: 0.0214 C15: -0.062 C16: -0.0057

Values in column D from row 6 to 16: D6: -0.0044 D7: -0.0173 D8: -0.031 D9: -0.0024 D10: 0.0133 D11: -0.0113 D12: 0.0066 D13: -0.0136 D14: -0.031 D15: -0.0011 D16: -0.0624

Values in column E from row 6 to 16: E6: -0.0553 E7: -0.009 E8: 0.0167 E9: 0.0073 E10: -0.0062 E11: 0.0215 E12: -0.0166 E13: 0.0287 E14: 0.0103 E15: -0.0335 E16: 0.0452

Challenge: I’ve attempted to use the provided logic, but it doesn’t seem to work as intended. Even though some values meet the condition, the formatting is inconsistent. I suspect there might be a flaw in how I’m comparing the values.

Could someone kindly review the code and logic to help me identify where I might be going wrong? Any guidance or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

the output of the code is this

Negative Dynamic value from Column B: -0.0099 Checking cell B6: Value = -0.0166 Stopping further processing for Column B at cell B7 Negative Dynamic value from Column C: -0.0252 Checking cell C6: Value = -0.0355 Checking cell C7: Value = -0.0279 Stopping further processing for Column C at cell C8 Negative Dynamic value from Column D: -0.0185 Stopping further processing for Column D at cell D6 Negative Dynamic value from Column E: -0.0115 Checking cell E6: Value = -0.0553 Stopping further processing for Column E at cell E7 Modified Excel file saved.

If you notice it fails to recognize the value in E7 is less than equal to -0.0115 but it exits the code. It gives the desired output for columns B, C and D. Any help in this regard would be helpful please. thanks once again.

It won’t always check all of the rows from 6 to 16, but only those from 6 to the first value that’s greater than the negative dynamic value.

The value in E6 is not less than equal to the negative dynamic value, therefore it leaves the loop because of the break in the else branch of the if statement.

Thank you Matthew for your kind reply.

See what i require is the code checks row 6, if it satisfies the condition which in my case is *value is less than and equal to - the dynamic value of that column, if true, proceed to the next row, if false, exit the code.

As you can see in the results it does that it check E6 against -E2, since it satisfies the condition it (in output excel sheet the font is made red). It moves to the E7, here E7 value is -0.009 which is also less than -0.0115 (-E2), so the code should make this red as well no? since condition is true for this as well. instead it Stopping further processing for Column E at cell E7 This is very confusing. i am not so advance in coding i just started a month back.

Both are negative, but -0.009 is not as negative as -0.0115.

If you place them on a number line, -0.009 is 0.009 units from zero in the negative direction and -0.0115 is 0.0115 units from zero in the negative direction. Which one is further from zero in the negative direction?

OH. MY. GOD… I just realized that while learning python I completely forgot how to do basic maths.

When you compare them using the less than or equal to ( <= ) operator, you are asking -0.009 is less than or equal to -0.0115. -0.009 is actually greater than -0.0115, the result of this comparison is False .

Thank you for your kind reply. yes i just realized it i am an idiot. insert I may be stupid meme here