should homework be abolished pros and cons

27 Top Homework Pros and Cons

There are both pros and cons of homework. This makes whether schools should assign homework a great debating topic for students.

On the side of the pros, homework is beneficial because it can be great for helping students get through their required coursework and reinforce required knowledge. But it also interferes with life outside of school.

Key arguments for homework include the fact it gives students structure, improves their learning, and improves parent-teacher relationships.

Arguments for the cons of homework include the fact it interferes with playtime and causes stress to children, leading to arguments that homework should be banned .

Pros and Cons of Homework (Table Summary)

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Pros of Homework

1. homework teaches discipline and habit.

Discipline and habit are two soft skills that children need to develop so they can succeed in life.

Regular daily homework is a simple way that discipline and habit are reinforced. Teachers can talk to students about what they do when they get home from school.

They might develop a habit like getting changed into a new set of clothes, having an afternoon snack, then getting out their homework.

Teachers can also help students visualize these habits and disciplines by talking about where they will do their homework (kitchen table?) and when .

2. Homework helps parents know what’s being learned in class

Parents often appreciate being kept in the loop about what is going on in their child’s classroom. Homework is great for this!

Teachers can set homework based on the current unit of work in the classroom. If the students are learning about dinosaurs, the homework can be a task on dinosaurs.

This helps the teachers to show the parents the valuable learning that’s taking place, and allows parents to feel comfortable that the teacher is doing a great job.

3. Homework teaches time management

Children often have a wide range of after school activities to undertake. They need to develop the skill of managing all these activities to fit homework in.

At school, children’s time is closely managed and controlled. Every lesson ends and begins with a bell or a teacher command.

At some point, children need to learn to manage their own time. Homework is an easy way to start refining this important soft skill.

4. Homework gives students self-paced learning time

At school, a lesson has a clear beginning and end. Students who are struggling may be interrupted and need more time. Homework allows them to work on these tasks at their own pace.

When I was studying math in high school, I never got my work done in time. I understood concepts slower than my peers, and I needed more time to reinforce concepts.

Homework was my chance to keep up, by studying at my own pace.

5. Homework can reduce screen time

Paper-based homework can take students away from their afternoon cartoons and video games and get them working on something of more value.

Screen time is one of the biggest concerns for educators and parents in the 21 st Century. Children spend approximately 5 to 7 hours in front of screens per day.

While screens aren’t all bad, children generally spend more time at screens than is necessary. Homework tasks such as collecting things from the yard or interviewing grandparents gets kids away from screens and into more active activities.

6. Homework gives students productive afternoon activities

Too often, children get home from school and switch off their brains by watching cartoons or playing video games. Homework can be more productive.

Good homework should get students actively thinking. A teacher can set homework that involves creating a product, conducting interviews with family, or writing a story based on things being learned in class.

But even homework that involves repetition of math and spelling tasks can be far more productive than simply watching television.

7. Homework reinforces information taught in class

For difficult tasks, students often need to be exposed to content over and over again until they reach mastery of the topic .

To do this, sometimes you need to do old-fashioned repetition of tasks. Take, for example, algebra. Students will need to repeat the process over and over again so that they will instinctively know how to complete the task when they sit their standardized test.

Of course, the teacher needs to teach and reinforce these foundational skills at school before independent homework practice takes place.

8. Homework helps motivated students to get ahead

Many students who have set themselves the goal of coming first in their class want to do homework to get an advantage over their peers.

Students who want to excel should not be stopped from doing this. If they enjoy homework and it makes them smarter or better at a task, then they should be allowed to do this.

9. Homework gives parents and children time together

When a parent helps their child with homework (by educating and quizzing them, not cheating!), they get a chance to bond.

Working together to complete a task can be good for the relationship between the parent and the child. The parents can also feel good that they’re supporting the child to become more educated.

10. Homework improves parent-teacher relationships

Parents get an inside look at what’s happening at school to improve their trust with the teacher, while also helping the teacher do their job.

Trust between parents and teachers is very important. Parents want to know the teacher is working hard to support students and help them learn. By looking at their children’s homework, they get a good idea of what’s going on in the classroom.

The parent can also feel good about helping the teacher’s mission by sitting with the child during homework and helping to reinforce what’s been learned at school.

11. Homework helps teachers get through the crowded curriculum

Teachers are increasingly asked to teach more and more content each year. Homework can be helpful in making sure it all gets done.

Decades ago, teachers had time to dedicate lessons to repeating and practicing content learned. Today, they’re under pressure to teach one thing then quickly move onto the next. We call this phenomenon the “crowded curriculum”.

Today, teachers may need to teach the core skills in class then ask students to go home and practice what’s been taught to fast-track learning.

12. Homework provides spaced repetition for long-term memorization

Spaced repetition is a strategy that involves quizzing students intermittently on things learned in previous weeks and months.

For example, if students learned division in January, they may forget about it by June. But if the teacher provides division questions for homework in January, March, and May, then the students always keep that knowledge of how to do division in their mind.

Spaced repetition theory states that regularly requiring students to recall information that’s been pushed to the back of their mind can help, over time, commit that information to their long-term memory and prevent long-term forgetting.

13. Homework supports a flipped learning model to make the most of time with the teacher

Flipped learning is a model of education where students do preparation before class so they get to class prepared to learn.

Examples of flipped learning include pre-teaching vocabulary (e.g. giving children new words to learn for homework that they will use in a future in-class lesson), and asking students to watch preparatory videos before class.

This model of homework isn’t about reinforcing things learned in class, but learning things before class to be more prepared for lessons.

14. Homework improves student achievement

An influential review of the literature on homework by Mazano and Pickering (2007) found that homework does improve student achievement.

Another review of the literature by Cooper, Robinson and Patall (2006) similarly found that homework improves achievement. In this review, the authors highlighted that homework appeared more beneficial for high school students’ grades than elementary school students’ grades.

Several progressive education critics , especially Alfie Kohn , have claimed that homework does not help student grades. We have not found the critics’ evidence to be as compelling.

15. Homework helps the education system keep up with other countries’ systems

All nations are competing with one another to have the best education system (measured by standardized tests ). If other countries are assigning homework and your country isn’t, your country will be at a disadvantage.

The main way education systems are compared is the OECD ranking of education systems. This ranking compared standardized test scores on major subjects.

Western nations have been slipping behind Asian nations for several decades. Many Asian education systems have a culture of assigning a lot of homework. To keep up, America may also need to assign homework and encourage their kids to do more homework.

See Also: Homework Statistics List

Cons of Homework

1. homework interferes with play time.

Play-based learning is some of the best learning that can possibly occurs. When children go home from school, the play they do before sunset is hugely beneficial for their development.

Homework can prevent children from playing. Instead, they’re stuck inside repeating tasks on standardized homework sheets.

Of course, if there is no homework, parents would have to make sure children are engaging in beneficial play as well, rather than simply watching TV.

2. Homework interferes with extracurricular activities

After school, many children want to participate in extracurricular activities like sporting and community events.

However, if too much homework is assigned to learners, their parents may not be able to sign them up to co-curricular activities in the school or extracurricular activities outside of the school. This can prevent students from having well-rounded holistic development.

3. Homework discourages students from going outside and getting exercise

Homework is usually an indoors activity. Usually, teachers will assign spelling, math, or science tasks to be repeated through the week on paper or a computer.

But children need time to go outside and get exercise. The CDC recommends children ages 6 to 17 need 60 minutes of moderate to intense exercise per day.

Unfortunately, being stuck indoors may prevent children from getting that much needed exercise for well-rounded development.

4. Homework leads to unsupervised and unsupportive learning

When students get stuck on a task at school, the teacher is there to help. But when students are stuck on a homework task, no support is available.

This leads to a situation where students’ learning and development is harmed. Furthermore, those students who do understand the task can go ahead and get more homework practice done while struggling students can’t progress because the teacher isn’t there to help them through their hurdles.

Often, it’s down to parents to pick up the challenge of teaching their children during homework time. Unfortunately, not all students have parents nearby to help them during homework time.

5. Homework can encourage cheating

When children study without supervision, they have the opportunity to cheat without suffering consequences.

They could, for example, copy their sibling’s homework or use the internet to find answers.

Worse, some parents may help their child to cheat or do the homework for the child. In these cases, homework has no benefit of the child but may teach them bad and unethical habits.

6. Homework contributes to a culture of poor work-life balance

Homework instils a corporate attitude that prioritizes work above everything else. It prepares students for a social norm where you do work for your job even when you’re off the clock.

Students will grow up thinking it’s normal to clock off from their job, go home, and continue to check emails and complete work they didn’t get done during the day.

This sort of culture is bad for society. It interferes with family and recreation time and encourages bosses to behave like they’re in charge of your whole life.

7. Homework discourages children from taking up hobbies

There is an argument to be made that children need spare time so they can learn about what they like and don’t like.

If students have spare time after school, they could fill it up with hobbies. The student can think about what they enjoy (playing with dolls, riding bikes, singing, writing stories).

Downtime encourages people to develop hobbies. Students need this downtime, and homework can interfere with this.

8. Homework creates unfairness between children with parents helping and those who don’t

At school, students generally have a level playing field. They are all in the same classroom with the same resources and the same teacher. At home, it’s a different story.

Some children have parents, siblings, and internet to rely upon. Meanwhile, others have nothing but themselves and a pen.

Those children who are lucky enough to have parents helping out can get a significant advantage over their peers, causing unfairness and inequalities that are not of their own making.

9. Homework causes stress and anxiety

In a study by Galloway, Connor and Pope (2013), they found that 56% of students identified homework as the greatest cause of stress in their lives.

Stress among young people can impact their happiness and mental health. Furthermore, there is an argument to “let kids be kids”. We have a whole life of work and pressure ahead of us. Childhood is a time to be enjoyed without the pressures of life.

10. Homework is often poor-quality work

Teachers will often assign homework that is the less important work and doesn’t have a clear goal.

Good teachers know that a lesson needs to be planned-out with a beginning, middle and end. There usually should be formative assessment as well, which is assessment of students as they learn (rather than just at the end).

But homework doesn’t have the structure of a good lesson. It’s repetition of information already learned, which is a behaviorist learning model that is now outdated for many tasks.

11. Homework is solitary learning

Most education theorists today believe that the best learning occurs in social situations.

Sociocultural learning requires students to express their thoughts and opinions and listen to other people’s ideas. This helps them improve and refine their own thinking through dialogue.

But homework usually takes place alone at the kitchen table. Students don’t have anyone to talk with about what they’re doing, meaning their learning is limited.

12. Homework widens social inequality

Homework can advantage wealthier students and disadvantage poorer students.

In Kralovec and Buell’s (2001) book The End of Homework: How Homework Disrupts Families, Overburdens Children, and Limits Learning , the authors argue that poorer students are less likely to have the resources to complete their homework properly.

For example, they might not have the pens, paper, and drawing implements to complete a paper task. Similarly, they might not have the computer, internet connection, or even books to do appropriate research at home.

Parents in poorer households also often work shift work and multiple jobs meaning they have less time to help their children with their homework.

Homework can be both good and bad – there are both advantages and disadvantages of homework. In general, it’s often the case that it depends on the type of homework that is assigned. Well-planned homework used in moderation and agreed upon by teachers, parents and students can be helpful. But other homework can cause serious stress, inequality, and lifestyle imbalance for students.

Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does homework improve academic achievement? A synthesis of research, 1987–2003.  Review of educational research ,  76 (1), 1-62.

Galloway, M., Conner, J., & Pope, D. (2013). Nonacademic effects of homework in privileged, high-performing high schools.  The journal of experimental education ,  81 (4), 490-510. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2012.745469

Kralovec, E., & Buell, J. (2001).  The end of homework: How homework disrupts families, overburdens children, and limits learning . Beacon Press.

Pressman, R. M., Sugarman, D. B., Nemon, M. L., Desjarlais, J., Owens, J. A., & Schettini-Evans, A. (2015). Homework and family stress: With consideration of parents’ self confidence, educational level, and cultural background.  The American Journal of Family Therapy ,  43 (4), 297-313. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2015.1061407

Ren, H., Zhou, Z., Liu, W., Wang, X., & Yin, Z. (2017). Excessive homework, inadequate sleep, physical inactivity and screen viewing time are major contributors to high paediatric obesity.  Acta Paediatrica ,  106 (1), 120-127. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13640

Yeo, S. C., Tan, J., Lo, J. C., Chee, M. W., & Gooley, J. J. (2020). Associations of time spent on homework or studying with nocturnal sleep behavior and depression symptoms in adolescents from Singapore.  Sleep Health ,  6 (6), 758-766. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.011

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education.

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• Student Life

Should Homework Be Banned In Schools?

There are hardly any students in all of the schools around the world, who could honestly say they love doing homework. Quite the opposite.

Of course, there have always been arguments for and against the after-class assignments and ongoing negotiations about the appropriate volume of those assignments. Yet the consensus traditionally was that homework is, even if unpleasant, still indispensable – much like bitter medicine. This is going to change – and soon.

Why should homework be banned now? The right question to ask is what took us so long! In this post, we are looking into the advantages and disadvantages of homework and counting all the pros and cons of banning it.

Why Homework Should Be Banned

This is one of the main reasons why homework should be banned. It crushes the spirit of children. It’s time to face the facts. Schoolchildren are experiencing burnout earlier and earlier in life – as early as in elementary school. Even those who were excited about going to school and learning, experience anxiety and stress connected with homework almost immediately. The students stop enjoying their learning experience and see it as one long exhausting treadmill run: essay after essay, test after test, school, college, and then work – with no time in between for living.

This is one of the arguments, on which even the proponents of homework, people for whom its pros outweigh the cons, agree. If not outright banned, homework should at least be limited down to the volume that is defined by the policies and the law. That means students must have a 40-hour workweek – no more than their full-time employed parents have. On practice, that would mean about six hours at school a day and no more than two hours of homework for an evening – a twenty-minute home task per subject.

Why homework exists in the first place? To give more time for students to practice, of course! How else would they learn? At least, that is a traditional view. However, there are no facts that would back up this argument. Research after research shows that test scores and grades do not suffer at all when homework is abolished in individual classes or schools. Not a shred of evidence has been produced to suggest that more homework equals more skill and higher grades. It is just busywork, that is why we shouldn't have homework at all.

For children with younger siblings or extended family living together, conditions for studying at home aren’t always favorable. There is of course a host of other individual reasons, why they might not have a properly lit quiet place, height-appropriate desk and chair, and distraction-free environment to do their homework. Even if they do have all the conditions, there might also be household chores, family issues, and other things that students will prioritize over their homework.

In the existing scheme of things, the only peers students are in contact with are their classmates. As important as it is to maintain good relationships with one’s class, we cannot expect children to limit their social interactions this way. It leads to a risk of isolation and loneliness, especially if a child experiences bullying at school. If children will be free of homework, they will be able to build more meaningful connections providing them with an emotional safety net.

Since homework is hogging so much time, students are left with fewer chances to be active – either through structured extracurriculars, such as sports sections or dancing classes, or through just being left to their own devices and going outside to play. They are chained to their desks all day long. This can lead to worsening eyesight, bad posture, overweight, and other adverse effects on their health.

Why Homework Should Not Be Banned

Of course, there are some solid arguments for the homework to stay, as well. However, they can hardly outweigh the cons. Let’s take a look at some of the most often mentioned.

That might contradict the argument we had before about homework having no noticeable effect on academic achievements. However, since it’s one of the most popular reasons why homework should not be banned, we should give it a fair chance. Indeed, for introverted students, homework gives time to reflect and practice on their own, away from school with its noise and crowds, which is beneficial. Moreover, each skill requires practice to develop. However, not all practice is as good as another. Mindless repetition without expert guidance that a teacher or a tutor can provide, or without an intrinsic motivation is pointless. Therefore, if a student wants to revise class notes or is preparing for a test, it’s great. If he or she is struggling and needs a bit more practice, it’s legit too. However, the default hours of assigned exercises are redundant.

Homework provides parents with an insight into their child’s progress and struggles. Instead of seeing only the dry facts presented in progress reports, they are aware of their child’s learning journey and take an active part in it. Helping children with their homework creates an opportunity for quality time together and bonding. However, there comes a point where parents can no longer help, or homework is so voluminous it actually gets in the way of family time. Often enough children have no choice but to skip family dinner in favor of homework, or a parent’s schedule prevents them from assisting the child with their assignments. Therefore, this argument defends homework only to a point.

Homework allows teachers to keep track of student’s academic progress between the tests and identify timely any signs of grappling with a particular topic or activity. It also helps to detect any learning disabilities and offers a correction course, when students might get a personalized homework. However, many teachers and parents argue that all this should be done in class, and homework only exists because classes are too large. The number of students per teacher is inadequate to practice personalized approach to teaching without the help of homework – at least in some schools.

Time-management skills and ability to organize your work are very in-demand in any workplace. It’s only fair that schools should prepare students for the future by teaching them early on the accountability, planning, discipline, and independent research that homework calls for. Prioritizing homework and creating a schedule around it is a great practice. This is one of the arguments in support of homework that really holds water. However, grueling hours of daily homework could be easily swapped with revisions and individual projects without defeating this laudable purpose.

Should School Ban Homework: Our Conclusion

In the view of all the arguments, should schools ban homework or at least stop giving students this much of homework each day? Our answer is a confident yes. Even if school officials decide to keep it, they should at least be limiting homework to a maximum of 2 hours a day, all subjects combined, to avoid adverse effects such as burnout, isolation, and health-related issues.

However, it’s not up to us. What if schools all over the country were forced to revise their homework policies and teachers together with parents were given a vote on the matter? What would happen then? The answer is not that definite.

While some parents compare homework to unpaid forced child labor and demand children should be free from it, others worry that without homework children will achieve less and will have fewer opportunities for college and employment. Some lament that their middle-school kids are sneaking out of their beds at night to finish their homework, while others say that without homework children will have no structure to their schedule and more time for mischief.

One thing is certain – some flexibility is called for. Parents and children should be given a choice of opting out if they feel that homework is too much for them.

What’s Your Side in Should-Homework-Be-Banned Debate?

Which of the above reasons seem most convincing to you? Are you all for or against banning the homework altogether? As a student, you must have wished at least at some point for your homework to disappear! Whatever school officials may decide in the future, at least you can always count on homework help online when things are particularly tough.  In case you need an essay writer free , dessertation proofreader or an article editor, just address our services and see what we can offer. 

Vicki Mata is a devoted contributor to the WOWESSAYS™ blog. Not that long out of university, yet already a tempered writer, she's a perfect medium to present the most essential news and useful information about campus life and education in general, as well as notable scholarships in particular.

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• Education and Learning

Controversial issues at schools in Germany

The pros and cons of handwriting, marks and homework – issues that pupils, teachers and parents get het up about.

Abolishing handwriting  

For: Our everyday lives are becoming increasingly digital and we rarely have to write anything by hand. Finland has already abolished handwriting at schools . Pupils who use a keyboard to write texts can concentrate better on the content and do not waste time practising their handwriting, claim supporters. The autocorrect function helps with spelling. Furthermore, teachers benefit when all the texts look the same, and pupils with bad handwriting will not be disadvantaged when it comes to marking.

Against: Handwriting is a cultural asset that should not be abolished lightly, argue opponents. Handwriting is an expression of our personality. Forming the letters is good training for fine motor skills. Furthermore, the actions involved in writing by hand help pupils understand the sense of and better remember the content.

For: Marks give pupils a sense of orientation, as they allow them to compare their performance with that of others. Good marks should motivate pupils to continue learning, while bad marks should encourage them to make more effort. Children must also learn how to cope with failure. Parents can use the marks to tell whether their child is making good progress at school or needs some private tuition.

Against: Opponents believe marks to be unfair and not particularly objective because they depend on the teacher in question, on how the teacher is feeling on a particular day, and on whether or not he or she likes the child being marked. This system of reward and punishment exerts unnecessary pressure on pupils. It is better to ensure that teachers and pupils have regular discussions of learning development and progress that has been achieved.

For: Homework serves to revise and consolidate at home the content that has been learnt at school. Vocabulary can only be learnt through repetition, for example. Pupils learn to be conscientious, to work independently and to manage their time. This can be reinforced through weekly plans, with the teacher setting homework on Mondays that pupils are to complete during the course of the week.

Against: After a long day at school, pupils need free time to engage in sport and meet with their friends, while homework merely generates additional stress. Pupils from non-academic families have a disadvantage as compared with those whose parents support them or can afford private tuition. Exercises should be included in lesson time so that teachers can help their pupils.

G8 reform  

For: Pupils in Germany used to spend nine years at grammar school (G9), but now the G8 reform has shortened this to eight years. Curricula were streamlined so as not to overburden pupils with unnecessary knowledge. Pupils take their final exams (Abitur) a year earlier and can therefore embark on a professional career sooner. This makes them internationally competitive and gives them greater opportunities on the job market . The year they gain also makes it possible for them to take a gap year for their personal development.

Against: G8 is an achievement-oriented model. Many pupils complain about their heavy workload. Pressure is high and little time remains to practise the lesson content or explore it in greater depth. School days are longer, so there is no longer enough time to pursue hobbies or personal interests. Most school-leavers in the G9 model are already 18, while many are still minors when they begin work or university in the G8 system.  

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